苏州市城市物流空间格局及物流企业发展路径

随着城市经济的发展,城市物流已由单一考虑运输、仓储等环节向系统化、均衡化、综合化方向发展,已经成为21世纪城市可持续发展关键因素。本文以苏州市为研究案例,从区位优势、经济基础、经济结构以及物流资源等方面分析苏州城市物流的发展现状;引入“轴-辐”（hub—and—spoke）理论,构建苏州“一轴五辐”物流空间优化体系;探讨苏州市物流发展的路径选择;提出苏州市专业化物流企业发展模式,以推进苏州市物流产业的发展。提升苏州市在长三角城市群中的地位与作用。     

基于改进TOPSIS模型的安徽省城市创新能力演化及耦合协调研究

“双循环”发展背景下,城市创新能力成为影响经济高质量发展的关键因素。选取2010年、2014年和2018年作为时间节点,运用改进TOPSIS和耦合协调模型对安徽省城市创新能力及其子系统间耦合协调的时空演化规律进行实证评价与分析。研究表明（：1）安徽省内城市综合创新能力差异逐渐扩大,呈现“东高西低”的空间分布特征。（2）安徽省城市创新投入能力整体逐渐上升,呈现“南高北低”的空间分布特征;创新产出能力差距逐渐缩小,空间分布差异不显著;城市环境支持能力差距逐渐拉大,呈现“北高南低”的空间分布特征。（3）安徽省城市“创新投入-创新产出-环境支持”能力的耦合协调度整体水平较低,在空间上表现出显著的“中心-外围”分布特征,以中度失调和轻度失调两种类型为主。（4）安徽省城市创新能力耦合协调性无法进一步提升的原因主要受2个或3个复合限制因素的影响,其中城市创新投入、创新产出和环境支持能力同时滞后的城市数量最多。     

中国城际专线物流网络空间格局

物流是地域间社会经济联系的重要要素,城市间的物流联系是理解区域生产消费联系和城市空间体系的重要视角。但是由于数据与方法等层面的不足,较少有研究能够有效地揭示全国城市间的物流网络格局。近年来随着互联网与数据科学的发展应用,第四方物流平台的出现及其对各类物流资源和数据的整合为物流研究提供了新的数据源和基础平台。本文采集了中国规模最大的电子商务平台旗下第四方物流平台上的物流专线交易数据,采用社会网络分析方法,以地级市为空间单元汇总计算到发各城市的物流订单,测算各城市的专线物流联系强度以及网络中心性,旨在揭示中国城际专线物流的联系格局,透视各城市在全国专线物流网络中的职能差异。研究发现：① 中国城际专线物流联系强度的空间分布与区域间社会经济发展格局基本一致,以“京津冀—长三角—珠三角”为核心,呈现出由沿海向内陆地区梯度递减的趋势;② 中国城际专线物流具有明显的跨区流动特征,1200 km距离范围内的专线物流活动最为活跃;③ 依照全国专线物流网络中的职能特征,可将各城市划分为全国物流首位城市、全国物流中心城市、全国物流节点城市、区域物流节点城市和地区物流节点城市5类。上述研究结论期望从专线物流联系的视角为国家与各区域及城市制定空间规划及专项规划提供支撑。     

中国物流集群的量化甄别与发育程度评价

基于交通运输、仓储与邮政业宏观统计数据,物流企业工商注册数据和物流POI数据,运用区位熵（LQ）、水平集聚区位熵（HCLQ）、物流就业密度（LED）和改进的物流企业占比系数（LEP）等指标,刻画了中国289个地级及以上城市的物流集群空间格局与演化过程,识别出不同类型物流集群的发育水平、类型和发展模式。结果表明：① 物流集群主要集中于胡焕庸线东侧,集群形态由组团式转变为区块式,呈现广覆盖和高集聚特征;数量演化经历了“快速下降”和“稳中有变”两个阶段,集中程度和运行效率稳步提升。② 21个成熟物流集群分布在16个省级行政单元中主要城市群的中心和次级中心城市,与政府物流规划衔接良好;43个新兴物流集群分布在21个省级行政单元,不同类型城市间分化显著。③ 物流集群在城市群尺度形成了由“主核—次核—一般节点”构成的多层级核心—边缘结构;在省级尺度形成了极核发展模式、网络化均衡发展模式,单核多点和多核多点的发展模式。     

西北内陆中心城市物流企业空间分异及区位选择——以兰州市为例

城市物流企业的空间分布决定物流空间格局、影响城市综合资源和生产空间的合理配置。以西北内陆中心城市——兰州市为案例区,基于微观物流企业数据并运用空间分析方法刻画了兰州市物流企业的空间分布及类型分异特征,进一步通过负二项回归模型探究了其区位选择的影响因素。结果表明：（1） 兰州市物流企业空间分布不均衡特征显著,总体呈现出“中心为主、远郊和近郊为辅,且沿城市交通主干道呈寄生状分布”的分异格局,具体可归纳为“多中心极化”、“中心极化”、“多中心外扩”、“中心外扩”、“整体极化”与“局部外扩”并存5种空间组织形态。（2） 物流企业呈现出“两心两翼四组团”的空间集聚特征,就不同类型而言,运输型和综合型物流企业呈现出“地域均衡化,类型多元化”集聚特征,货代型、快递型及仓储型物流企业则呈现出“片区集聚化,类型集群化”集聚特征。（3） 物流企业空间分异格局与类型分异特征受交通条件、集聚因素、政府政策、土地价格和城乡差异等多元因素影响,其中交通条件、集聚因素以及政府政策对行业整体在区位选择中的影响最为显著。（4） 从企业类型来看,货代型、综合型物流企业的区位选择受集聚因素影响最为显著;快递型、运输型物流企业则较为关注交通条件;仓储型物流企业对政府政策更为敏感。研究结果在丰富城市物流企业区位理论和研究案例的同时,对我国西北内陆中心城市物流企业空间布局优化具有重要的参考价值。     

广州批发市场的供应物流空间格局及其形成机制

城市批发市场是集商流、物流和信息流于一体的商品集散地,其产生的物流活动属于城市物流的一部分。结合实地调查数据,采用社会网络分析方法对广州市批发市场的供应物流空间格局进行研究。首先构建由19 个供应地和21 个接收地组成的2-模矩阵,将其反应的关系信息进行可视化表达,结果显示物流结点呈现出交通指向性、地域集中性以及圈层式布局特点;货物供应以外向型为主,并形成国外、省外城市、珠三角和粤北地区的主要供应流格局;结点集货规模等级差异明显,形成城市内部的反y 形集货格局。然后对物流网络进行中心性分析,通过测量度数中心度、接近中心度和中间中心度等指标,得出珠三角、省外城市和白云区是物流网络的核心供应地;流花服装和中大布匹批发市场群是物流网络的核心接收地;南沙区、黄埔茅岗批发市场群等则属于物流网络的边缘结点。最后从城市性质、城市空间发展、产业集群和物流服务等4 方面对供应物流空间格局的形成机制进行探讨。通过对批发市场货流网络空间的研究,有利于为今后城市物流空间优化提供一定的决策参考依据。     

中国沿海港口物流网络空间结构演化及其影响因素

基于沿海港口物流企业数据,运用世界城市网络分析、社会网络理论分析、QAP分析等研究方法,以2009、2014、2019年为时间节点,分析近10年来中国沿海港口物流网络空间结构演化及其影响因素。研究表明：1）2009—2019年,中国沿海港口物流网络空间规模与联系强度均显著增强,但网络整体联系仍处于弱联结状态。2）网络联系空间保持核心—边缘结构,其中上海稳定保持核心联系城市,辐射天津、大连、青岛、宁波、厦门、深圳构成核心网络;而边缘城市主要通过连接核心城市加入网络,且边缘城市间互动性较弱。3）沿海港口物流网络层级结构明显,依据网络中城市地位差异,呈现核心—次核心—一般—边缘4级圈层网状联系结构,且圈层间联系强度随圈层等级降低而逐渐减弱。其中,核心圈层由单核心（上海）向双核心（上海、宁波）发展。4）沿海港口物流市场规模、港口基础设施、城市经济发展水平、对外贸易环境、港口物流企业总部规模的差异化发展对沿海港口物流网络发展具正向作用,而信息基础水平差异化发展对港口物流网络发展具有反向作用。     

基于夜间灯光影像数据的黄河流域中心城市建成区空间扩展及动力因子分析

研究黄河流域建成区扩展特征有助于透视用地开发效果和践行中心城市高质量发展规划。基于1992、1997、2002、2007、2012、2018年6期夜间灯光影像与统计数据,提取建成区范围,采用扩展强度指数、紧凑度指数、协调发展系数与灰色关联分析,探究1992—2018年黄河流域8个中心城市扩展的时空格局、质量及动力因子。结果表明：（1）黄河流域中心城市建成区面积分化明显,中下游城市扩展规模和强度大,扩展形态呈紧凑度普遍下降趋势。（2）夜间灯光影像数据刻画的西安建成区综合水平高、西宁水平低,银川综合发展快、兰州慢;除西宁、呼和浩特与太原外,其他中心城市平均夜间灯光指数在1997—2018年呈下降趋势,反映城市扩展水平降低。（3）中心城市人口-土地协调发展系数均呈波动下降趋势,除呼和浩特、太原和济南外,人口-土地由基本协调型向土地过快扩展型转变;中心城市经济-土地协调发展系数呈波动下降趋势,经济年均增长率降低,建成区面积年均扩展率增加,基本由经济过快增长型向经济-土地协调发展型转变。（4）中心城市空间扩展主要受经济发展（地区生产总值）影响;从中心城市整体看,全时段（1996—2018年）行政力（固定资产投资）和内源力（人口规模）影响作用较大,分时段（1996—2002年、2002—2012年与2012—2018年）行政力影响系数亦较高,市场力（社会消费品零售总额）与外向力（实际利用外资额）影响作用程度随时间增加明显。新时期黄河流域中心城市空间扩展应注重内部提质增效,提高建设用地利用效率,促进城市高质量发展。     

中部地区城市体系空间结构特征研究

摘要：以“空间分布-空间组合”为研究框架,采用因子分析和GIS技术相结合的方法,对中部地区城市体系空间结构进行特征分析,结果表明：（1） 中部地区城市空间布局模式为凝聚型分布。（2） 城市空间分布的区域差异性及交通指向性特征显著,形成分别以武汉、长沙、郑州、合肥以及太原为核心的城市分布集聚区,环鄱阳湖地区城市节点发育弱。（3） 中部地区已形成以1个核心城市,3个区域中心城市,21个区域次中心城市以及55个地方性城市所构成的城市体系。（4） 京广线和长江是中部地区最重要的2条城市发展轴,陇海、京九和浙赣则较弱。（5） 城市域面发展水平的区域分异特征明显。基于上述结论,文章最后进一步探讨了长江中游各城市群进行整合发展的必要性。     

城市网络联系对城市群空间体系集聚水平的影响——基于2003—2018年中国12个城市群面板数据的实证

本文分析了2003—2018年中国12个规模较大的城市群的空间体系特征及其变动趋势,并借助城际投资联系数据,分析了各城市群城市网络特征,实证检验了城市网络联系度对城市群空间体系集聚水平的影响。研究发现,2003—2018年城市群空间体系总体呈均衡化发展趋势,且不同城市群城市网络特征差异明显,按发育程度可以分为四种类型：联系紧密-结构均衡-强中心带动型城市网络,联系紧密-弱中心带动-相对开放型城市网络,结构均衡但联系相对较弱型城市网络,以及联系相对较弱且结构极化型城市网络。实证结果证实了城市网络联系的紧密程度和连通度的提高有利于降低城市群空间体系的极化水平,城市网络联系带来的外部性有助于避免城市群空间体系的过度极化及由此带来的集聚负外部性,实现更加均衡的城市群空间结构。但城市网络联系对城市群空间体系均衡化发展的作用依赖于城市网络的结构特征,城市网络结构的极化对城市群空间体系均衡化发展存在抑制作用。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

Assessment of GIAHS in Shizuoka: The Traditional Tea-grass Integrated System

<正>1 Introduction In 2013,Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture.Shizuoka prefecture occupies a variety of elevations,from 0 to 3000m or more above sea level.Because of the diversity of land features and climates,this area produces 167 agricultural commodities.In addition,a lot of traditional agriculture and over200 local native varieties of crops have been conserved in Shizuoka     

ERAHS: A New Platform for the Exchange of Regional Information and Experience on Agricultural Heritage Systems

<正>There are more than 10000 years of agricultural development history in the world that has provided very fruitful and ingenious traditional knowledge and experiences reflecting the evolution of humanity and the nature.In2002,the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)initiated an international partnership initiative of"Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.