连栽杉木丛枝菌根真菌侵染率和土壤性质的关系

杉木连栽常导致地力退化,但连栽是否影响丛枝菌根真菌的侵染率并不清楚。以福建三明粉砂岩发育红壤上的连栽杉木为对象,研究了杉木细根丛枝菌根真菌侵染率与土壤性质的关系,分析了杉木连栽影响杉木根系菌根侵染率的主导因素。结果表明,杉木连栽没有显著导致土壤退化现象,二代林杉木细根丛枝菌根真菌侵染率显著高于一代和三代林,一代和三代林之间没有明显差异。通过主成分分析发现,在杉木连栽时,影响杉木丛枝菌根真菌侵染率的主导土壤因子是全氮、容重、SOC和速效磷含量。因此,通过改善土壤结构、提高土壤有机质含量和土壤速效磷含量,在一定程度上可能增加杉木菌根真菌的侵染率,从而有利于提升杉木人工林的生产力。     

AM真菌对干旱区7种珍稀濒危植物引种培育的影响研究

为了探讨AM真菌对干旱区珍稀濒危植物引种过程中的成活、生长保育的影响研究,在盆栽条件下,选取具有代表性的7个珍稀濒临灭绝植物物种,在引种过程中定向接种AM真菌,通过分析植株的生长状况及AM真菌的侵染率,初步筛选在干旱区珍稀濒危植物引种过程中,具有应用价值的AM真菌与植物最佳共生模式。结果表明：7种濒危植物与AM真菌能形成共生关系,但植物与菌种间侵染率存在显著差异。既形成了良好的共生关系又能促进濒危植物生长的最佳组合有：AM真菌F.mosseae与白麻或乌拉尔甘草或蒙古莸的共生,真菌D.eburnea与新疆沙冬青的共生、真菌C.claroideum或F.mosseae与中麻黄的共生、真菌C.lamellosum与胀果甘草的共生、真菌C.etunicatum与蒙古沙冬青的共生。表明濒危植物与AM真菌之间存在一定的生态适用性选择关系,而且在利用AM真菌对濒危植物引种繁育时,必须要考虑他们间的生态适用性关系,才能充分发挥AM真菌的功能。这对干旱区珍稀濒危植物的引种繁殖意义重大。     

藏北草原主要植物AM真菌的初步研究

通过调查藏北草原AM真菌种质资源及菌根侵染率,对藏北特定生态环境条件下,各种类型草原主要植物AM真菌的多样性及其与不同生态环境因子之间的相互关系进行了分析。从藏北草原主要植物根围土壤中共分离出4属AM真菌。总体上,孢子密度、分离频度、相对多度和重要值显著的Glomus>Acaulospora>Paraglomus>Scutellospora趋势。其中Glomus、Acaulospora均为优势属,Glomus的优势属地位极为突出;寄主植物、海拔、土壤条件对于AM真菌的种类组成,孢子密度及分离频度均有显著影响。     

极端干旱区胡杨根围丛枝菌根真菌的分离与鉴

 以极端干旱区塔里木河下游处于干旱胁迫下的天然胡杨为研究对象,采用传统形态鉴定法和分子生物技术,研究了胡杨根围土壤中丛枝菌根真菌。结果表明：处于干旱胁迫下的胡杨根围土壤中丛枝菌根真菌孢子密度较低,且孢子种类单一,经形态鉴定和分子生物学鉴定,孢子为球囊霉属的摩西球囊霉〖WTBX〗Glomus mosseae[WTBZ] （T.H. Nicolson &; Gerd.）,孢子在土壤中单生、根内生或孢子果内形成;圆形,近圆形,直径150~220 μm,浅黄色至黄褐色;孢壁3层,L1和L2无色透明,L3浅黄至黄褐色。连孢菌丝单根,连点漏斗状。胡杨根系内存在丛枝菌根真菌的泡囊结构,分子检测表明摩西球囊霉[WTBX]Glomus mosseae[WTBZ]与胡杨根系形成共生关系,但是胡杨根系的菌根侵染率及根系的菌根侵染强度均不高。     

丛枝菌根真菌在荒漠化防治中的作用及应用潜力

丛枝菌根真菌是重要的微生物资源,能与绝大部分植物根系形成共生关系,其共生体系在生态环境建设和荒漠化防治中具有较高的应用价值。丛枝菌根真菌能够增加植物对营养元素的吸收,促进植物生长,增强植物的抗旱、耐盐碱、抗病以及重金属耐性,提高植物对胁迫环境的适应性。从丛枝菌根真菌的植物生理学作用、对荒漠化地区植物群落的影响、在荒漠化地区的实践应用等角度,探讨了丛枝菌根真菌在荒漠化地区的重要性及应用潜力,以期为荒漠化地区植被恢复与重建提供新思路。     

菌根真菌对CO2浓度升高和N沉降的响应

气候变化是全球普遍关注的环境问题,尤其是工业革命以来,全球CO2浓度升高和N沉降的增加,不仅改变了植物的生长发育、生态系统中碳、N生物地化循环,而且影响着与植物共生的菌根真菌。对外生菌根真菌（Ectomycorrhizal fungi, ECMF）和丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF）的群落结构、真菌的侵染率以及菌丝生物量等方面如何响应全球CO2浓度升高和N沉降的增加进行了综述,同时对当前存在的问题和未来的发展方向进行探讨。     

丛枝菌根在退化生态系统恢复和重建中的作用

丛枝菌根是绝大多数植物根系与土壤真菌形成的共生体。是自然生态系统中的重要组成部分。通过对丛枝菌根在退化生态系统中土壤和植被恢复和重建中的作用的探讨,指出丛枝菌根不仅能够促进土壤营养物质循环和利用,稳定和改良土壤结构。而且能够调节植物种间关系、影响群落的演替和结构以及维持物种多样性。同时。丛枝菌根真菌种类和数量以及生长状况的差异都能对生态系统巾南于自然或人类活动所引起土壤和植被的变化起指示作用。     

大青山、蛮汗山外生菌根真菌资源调查

室外调查与室内观察鉴定结果表明：1．大青山、蛮汗山外生菌根真菌资源极为丰富。其中大青山已知存在78种外生菌根真菌，隶属于15科，3l属；蛮汗山已知存在79种外生菌根真菌，隶属于15科，32属。2．在高海拔阴坡和半阴坡，与青海云杉、落叶松共生的主要为牛肝菌属、乳菇属、红菇属、丝膜菌属；与阔叶树共生的以鹅膏科为最多。3．在中低海拔地区与松属共生频率最高的是乳牛肝菌属；与杨、桦共生最多的是杯伞属、桩菇属、蘑菇属。4．通过分离，在大青山、蛮汗山先后分别获得珍贵菌根菌10种、12种。5．在分离的菌根菌中乳牛肝菌属中的大部分种为油松、樟子松的优秀菌根真菌。     

潍坊市4座湿地公园的维管植物资源现状

为了系统了解山东省潍坊市湿地公园维管植物资源现状,于2019年10月2～10日和2020年8月15～23日,对该市4座湿地公园中的维管植物资源进行了野外调查,结合相关历史资料,研究了维管植物群落的物种组成、区系分布、生态型和生活型。研究结果表明,在4座湿地公园中,共记录维管植物51目108科352属533种;其中,有399种资源植物、9种保护植物、3种山东省稀有植物以及52种入侵和归化植物;禾本科(Poaceae)、菊科(Asteraceae)、豆科(Fabaceae)和蔷薇科(Rosaceae)为优势科,单属(种)科和寡属(种)科占优势;在区系组成上,有15种类型、9变型,北温带分布属最多(占21.60%),其次是泛热带分布属(占16.48%)。总体上,4座湿地公园中的维管植物种类比较丰富,但是,各湿地公园中的乔木过多,人工种植植物的比例和数量较大,野生物种和水生维管植物相对匮乏,存在一定数量自然混入或人为引进的入侵和有害植物物种。     

江苏南京长江新济洲国家湿地公园的维管植物物种组成与群丛特征

于2021年春季和夏季,在江苏南京长江新济洲国家湿地公园中,开展了野外植物调查,以了解维管植物的物种组成和群丛特征。采用样线和样方法,对该湿地公园的岛内河渠、岛内库塘、洪泛江滩、草本沼泽、森林沼泽、林地、草地和撂荒地中的植物开展调查,研究维管植物的物种组成和区系特征。研究结果表明,在该湿地公园中,记录了105科296属437种维管植物,其中有56种外来物种和8种受保护植物,禾本科(Gramineae)、菊科(Asteraceae)、莎草科(Cyperaceae)、豆科(Fabaceae)和蔷薇科(Rosaceae)的物种数量都≥20种,单种属占总属数的近四分之三;在437种维管植物中,有335种草本植物(占总物种数量的76.66%),有95种典型木本植物(占21.74%),还有5种木质藤本(占1.14%)和2种竹类植物(占0.46%);有水生植物48种(占10.98%),有湿生植物138种(占31.58%),有中生植物251种(占57.44%);在科的区系组成中,世界广布科(45科)占优势,有37科为热带分布科,有22科为温带分布科;在属的区系组成中,温带分布属(126属)占优势,热带...     

A Preliminary Survey of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Marsh Plants in Lhalu Wetland, Suburban Lhasa, South Tibet

A survey was made of the spore community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and root colonization by AMF in 16 plant species in Lhalu wetland on the outskirts of Lhasa city in Tibet. It was found that 13 of the 16 plant species investigated (81. 5% ) formed arbuscular mycorrhizal structures and dark septate endophytic fungi colonized the roots of most species. Total AMF colonization ranged from 0 to 82. 6% in dicots and 0 to 54. 5% in monocots. Both total AMF and arbuscular colonization were greater in d...     

塔里木河中游天然植物群落结构与数量特征分析

运用典型样地法,对塔里木河中游30个天然植被样地的群落结构和数量特征做了调查分析。结果表明:(1)塔里木河中游沙吉力克、沙子河、乌斯满、阿其河、铁依孜五个断面的天然植物隶属11科,20属,22种。(2)塔里木河中游植物群落结构可分三层,即乔木层、灌木层与草本层,但这种乔、灌、草的三层现象不明显。生境条件差,植物对环境利用不充分。(3)荒漠植物群落物种多样性水平较低,群落结构简单,物种组成单一。从多样性指数的数量特征来看,Simpson多样性指数的变化范围为0.47~0.609,Shannon-Wiener指数变化范围0.849~1.302;Menhinick丰富度指数的变化范围为2.309~3.175,Margalef 2.731~5.461;JSW均匀度指数的变化范围为0.6~0.778,JSI指数的变化范围0.633~0.805。五个断面盖度的变化范围是0.259~0.563。     

Ecological water demand of natural vegetation in the lower Tarim River

We have appraised the relationships between soil moisture, groundwater depth, and plant species diversity in the lower reaches of the Tarim River in western China, by analyzing field data from 25 monitoring wells across eight study sites and 25 permanent vegetation survey plots. It is noted that groundwater depth, soil moisture and plant species diversity are closely related. It has been proven that the critical phreatic water depth is five meters in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. We acquired the mean phreatic evaporation of different groundwater levels every month by averaging the two results of phreatic evaporation using the Qunk and Averyanov formulas. Based on different vegetation types and acreage with different groundwater depth, the total ecological water demand (EWD) of natural vegetation in 2005 was 2.4×108 m3 in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. Analyzing the monthly EWD, we found that the EWD in the growth season (from April to September) is 81% of the year’s total EWD. The EWD in May, June and July was 47% of the year’s total EWD, which indicates the best time for dispensing artificial water. This research aims at realizing the sustainable development of water resources and provides a scientific basis for water resource management and sound collocation of the Tarim River Basin.     

塔里木河下游植被生态需水量(英文)

We have appraised the relationships between soil moisture,groundwater depth, and plant species diversity in the lower reaches of the Tarim River in western China,by analyzing field data from 25 monitoring wells across eight study sites and 25 permanent vegetation survey plots.It is noted that groundwater depth,soil moisture and plant species diversity are closely related.It has been proven that the critical phreatic water depth is five meters in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.We acquired the mean phreatic evaporation of different groundwater levels every month by averaging the two results of phreatic evaporation using the Qunk and Averyanov formulas.Based on different vegetation types and acreage with different groundwater depth,the total ecological water demand(EWD)of natural vegetation in 2005 was 2.4×108m 3in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.Analyzing the monthly EWD,we found that the EWD in the growth season(from April to September)is 81%of the year's total EWD.The EWD in May,June and July was 47%of the year's total EWD,which indicates the best time for dispensing artificial water.This research aims at realizing the sustainable development of water resources and provides a scientific basis for water resource management and sound collocation of the Tarim River Basin.     

基于生态水文过程的塔里木河下游 植被生态需水量研究

根据2005年塔里木河下游8个断面25眼地下水位观测井和25个植物样地野外采集的数据,运用DPS统计软件计算植被物种多样性指数,进而对地下水、土壤水与植被的关系进行了分析,结果表明地下水位、土壤含水量与植被多样性之间都有极强的相关性,在此基础上确定出塔里木河下游潜水蒸发的极限埋深是5 m。并采用阿维里扬诺夫公式和群克水均衡场公式对塔里木河下游天然植被的月潜水蒸发量进行计算,将两者计算结果加以算术平均得到塔里木河下游不同埋深对应的潜水蒸发量;采用两种方法对植被面积进行分类,在此分类基础上计算生态需水量,将两个结果再次平均,得到天然植被全年最低需水量约为3.2×10⁸ m³。通过对月生态需水量的分析发现4月到9月的生态需水量占全年的81%,尤其是5、6、7三个月占全年总需水量的47%,是生态需水的主要时期。     

Dispersal of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes by Ctenomys cf. knighti (Rodentia) in the northern Monte Desert of Argentina

In arid and semi-arid environments, root-associated fungi may play a key role in plant communities (e.g., seedling establishment, nutrient acquisition, plant survival and heat tolerance). Several studies have shown the importance of small mammals as consumers and dispersal agents of mycorrhizal fungi spores in tropical and temperate ecosystems. However, little is known about the dispersal of infective propagules of endophytic fungi in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. This study analyzed the potential role of the subterranean rodent Ctenomys cf. knighti as a dispersal agent of root-associated fungi. In order to demonstrate this role, we analyzed: (1) the incidence of colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizae and dark septate endophytes on representative plant species of the Monte Desert; (2) the presence of fungal structures of arbuscular mycorrhizae and dark septate endophytes in C. cf. knighti fecal samples; and (3) the infectivity of the fungal propagules contained in the scat and their growth effects on nine native plant species. Data strongly suggest that this South American subterranean rodent may play a key role as a dispersal agent of arbuscular mycorrhizae and dark septate endophytes fungi in the arid environment of the northern Monte Desert of Argentina.     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in Solanum centrale (bush tomato), a perennial sub-shrub from the arid zone of Australia

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi convey well documented benefits to plant growth in domesticated species. We investigated AM in Solanum centrale, a desert shrub of central Australia and traditional food for Indigenous Australians. AM were observed in roots of S. centrale from wild and cultivated stands of different ages and management regimes. Greenhouse seedlings grown in sterilised sand were provided with no or minor additions of phosphorus, with or without AM fungi. Inoculated seedlings not fertilised with phosphorus exhibited moderate AM formation. Added phosphorus resulted in an absence of AM. Inoculation did not significantly affect dry weight, root length and plant height of seedlings fertilised with phosphorus but significantly increased the size of unfertilised seedlings. Inoculation significantly increased root phosphorus content, decreased root to shoot ratio and decreased root biomass at all phosphorus additions, despite the absence of observable AM. Thus it appears AM fungi in the root zone influenced certain plant characteristics, regardless of phosphorus nutrition. Overall, S. centrale benefited from the presence of AM through increased phosphorus uptake, but only when the seedlings were growing in soil with extremely low available phosphorus. The response was immediate in our experimental system and is likely to be important in the wild.     

塔里木河中下游荒漠河岸林植被对地下水埋深变化的响应

结合塔里木河中下游74 个植被样地和74 眼地下水位监测井(2005-2007 年) 数据, 将 地下水位按不同埋深划分为0~2 m, 2~4 m, 4~6 m, 6~8 m, 8~10 m 和>10 m 6 个梯度, 对不同地下水埋深下的群落盖度、物种多样性进行了分析, 并探讨了主要植物种分布频率与地 下水埋深的关系。结果表明： 在地下水位2~4 m 时, 物种多样性最高, 其次为4~6 m, 再次为0~2 m; 当地下水位在6 m 以下时, 物种多样性锐减。塔里木河中下游主要植物最适宜水位在2~4 m 之间; 这些植物能够正常生长的地下水埋深区间为3~6 m。这表明, 塔里木河下 游植被恢复的地下水位应确保达到6 m 以上。