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硅肥在塑料大棚内春黄瓜上的增产效果研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
我国硅肥在黄瓜上的研究报道不多,据我们在春黄瓜上试验结果表明,施硅肥的比对照茎粗增加0.18 ̄0.24cm,株高增加4.8 ̄25.1cm,秧节数比对照增加15% ̄42%左右,增产达25% ̄29%以上,并且硅肥有改善黄瓜的外观与品质的作用。 相似文献
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硅肥对甘蔗的增产效果研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
硅肥对甘蔗试验效果表明,在不同地点,不同品种上,每公倾施硅肥750kg与对照不施硅肥相比,增产率达10.9% ̄23.3%,施用硅肥后的甘蔗,植株生长挺拔,叶片清秀,光亮,病虫害减少,抗逆性好,施用硅肥平均每公顷增收5242.50元,投入产出比为1:17.5。 相似文献
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通过对玉米施用硅肥试验可知,施硅肥的玉米比对照茎粗和穗长增加,抗逆力增强,产量明显增加。硅肥以每公顷施750~1125kg时,增产效果最明显,其增产率分别为15.42%和19.87%。 相似文献
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赤泥硅肥在玉米上试验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
玉米约占全国粮食总产的20%,施肥在玉米增产诸因素中能起到25%~30%的作用,通过试验,玉米施用硅肥后提高抗青枯病能力,施肥量为750kg/hm^2时,在玉米上的增产效果达到14%~23.4%,投入产出比为1:10~20。 相似文献
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硅肥对苹果生长产量及品质影响的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过不同品种不同地形生长的苹果施入硅肥后对其生长、产量及品质影响的研究表明,硅肥对苹果树体的生长发育具有良好的作用,施入适量的硅肥可使苹果增产10%以上,并能大大改善苹果的品质。硅肥的这些影响在一定范围内是随着施入量的增加而增大的。 相似文献
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研究了土壤含水量和磷肥对马铃薯生长发育及抗旱生理的影响,结果显示:(1)土壤含水量的下降导致马铃薯幼苗叶片含水量和叶绿素含量降低,可溶性糖、脯氨酸、丙二醛(MDA)含量、相对电导率(REC)及超氧阴离子(O2-·)产生速率升高,抗氧化酶活性增强,株高、茎粗、根长、匍匐茎数、地上部分干重降低,马铃薯块茎重量及块茎淀粉、蛋白质、Vc含量下降;(2)不同水分条件下增施适量磷肥,显著提高了马铃薯叶片含水量、叶绿素含量,相对增强了抗氧化酶活性,降低了相对电导率、MDA含量和活性氧水平,且马铃薯块茎重量及块茎淀粉、蛋白质和Vc含量显著增加。(3)比较包括对照在内的6种磷肥增施量,增施15.3 g·m-2磷肥对马铃薯幼苗抗旱性及生长发育的促进效果最佳。综上所述,干旱胁迫显著抑制了马铃薯幼苗生长发育,而增施适量磷肥可通过提高渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性,有效缓解干旱胁迫下马铃薯幼苗叶片的脂质过氧化程度及细胞膜损伤,减轻干旱对生长发育的抑制,增强植株整体抗旱性。 相似文献
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In order to investigate the general tendency of soil microbial community responses to fertilizers, a meta-analysis approach was used to synthesise observations on the effects of inorganic and organic fertilizer addition (N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; NP: nitrogen and phosphorus; PK: phosphorus and potassium; NPK: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; OF: organic fertilizer; OF+NPK: organic fertilizer plus NPK) on soil microbial communities. Among the various studies, PK, NPK, OF and OF+NPK addition increased total phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) by 52.0%, 19.5%, 334.3% and 58.3%, respectively; while NP, OF and OF+NPK addition increased fungi by 5.6%, 21.0% and 8.2%, respectively. NP, NPK and OF addition increased bacteria by 6.4%, 9.8% and 13.3%, respectively; while NP and NPK addition increased actinomycetes by 7.0% and 14.8%, respectively. Addition of ammonium nitrate rather than urea decreased gram-negative bacteria (G -). N addition increased total PLFA、bacteria and actinomycetes in croplands, but decreased fungi and bacteria in forests, and the F/B ratio in grasslands. NPK addition increased total PLFA in forests but not in croplands. The N addition rate was positively correlated with the effects of N addition on gram-positive bacteria (G +) and G -. Therefore, different fertilizers appear to have different effects on the soil microbial community. Organic fertilizers can have a greater positive effect on the soil microbial community than inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilizers on the soil microbial community varied with ecosystem types. The effect of N addition on the soil microbial community was related to both the forms of nitrogen that were added and the nitrogen addition rate. 相似文献
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The Bohai Rim region is one the most important bases for commodity grain pro-duction in China.With the rapid pace of agricultural industrialization,nitrogenous fertilizer has been used at an ever increasing rate,which resulted in the trace of accumulative nitrogen in the soil and caused serious environmental problems.In this study we made use of the farm-land nitrogen balance model to assess the spatial difference of farmland nitrogen nutrient budget in the Bohai Rim region in 2008 with the assistance of GIS.Our results indicated that:1) Farmland in this region has a nitrogen surplus totaling 5.0822 million tons,or an average of 288.54 kg/ha.2) In the Bohai Rim region,farmland nitrogen input and farmland nitrogen budget both show a spatial differentiation.Major grain-producing areas have a higher nitrogen input than that of the grazing-farming areas.The main sources of nitrogen input include chemical fertilizer,organic fertilizer,deposition from atmospheric drying and wetting,and biological fixation,which account for 79.47%,9.53%,4.62%,and 3.58% of the total input,respectively.Therefore,chemical fertilizer is the predominant source of nitrogen input to farmland.3) A total of 3.3398 million tons of nitrogen were output from the farmland via har-vested crops and it accounts for 52.36% of the total nitrogen output from farmland in this region.On average,the amount of nitrogen output from unit farmland is equal to 176.65kg/ha.This study has shed light on farmland nitrogen budget and its spatial variation in the study area,may provide scientific evidences for rationalizing the use of chemical fertilizer and managing agricultural operation on the regional scale and is also valuable for improving the economic and ecological efficiency of fertilizer use at the regional scale. 相似文献
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施氮对高寒草甸草原植物群落和土壤养分的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
于2013-2014年在青藏高原东缘测定了不同梯度施氮后植物群落特征、牧草营养和土壤质量的变化,并分析了施氮后的经济效益。结果表明:(1)施氮显著增加了各功能群植物的高度和禾本科功能群植物盖度,而对莎草科和豆科植物盖度无显著影响;施氮显著增加了禾本科、莎草科、豆科和植物群落生物量,降低了杂类草盖度和生物量,其中施肥量为30.86~38.58 g·m-2时效果最为显著。(2)施氮显著增加了0~20 cm土层根系生物量;施氮当年显著增加了根冠比,施氮第2年根冠比无显著变化。(3)施氮不同程度降低了高寒草甸草原植物群落多样性,其中,施肥量在30.86~38.58 g·m-2时最低。(4)施氮不同程度地提高了禾本科、莎草科和杂类草植物的粗蛋白含量,降低了各功能群植物纤维含量;施氮不同程度提高了高寒草甸草原土壤养分和有机碳含量,其中在施肥量为30.86~38.58 g·m-2时最高。(5)施氮当年和第二年净收益均在施肥量为30.86 g·m-2时最大,分别为1 860元·hm-2和878元·hm-2。施氮缓解了青藏高原东缘高寒草甸草原植物生长的营养限制,提高了可食牧草产量,30.86~38.58 g·m-2可作为该区最佳施氮水平。 相似文献
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霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)是荒漠区广为分布的一种多浆旱生植物。采用盆栽育苗的方法,初步评价了干旱胁迫下Na+对霸王根系生长的贡献,探讨了一种新型钠复合肥对霸王根系形态、生理学指标的影响。结果显示,钠复合肥能显著促进霸王根系的生长并提高其抗旱性:(1)正常浇水时,钠复合肥对霸王的促进作用主要体现在株高的增加和侧根的增长上,根系活力显著增强;(2)自然干旱15d后,钠复合肥使得霸王根系活跃吸收面积显著提高24%,促进主根的加粗和伸长以吸收更多的水分和矿质养分;(3)干旱胁迫下,钠复合肥处理使霸王根部Na+浓度保持较高水平,K+浓度下降42%。因此认为,干旱前钠复合肥显著促进了霸王侧根的生长和根系活力的提高,干旱后钠复合肥通过促进根系活跃吸收面积的扩大和主根的生长以提高霸王的抗旱性,其主要原因是根和叶中积累了较多的Na+、而非K+。 相似文献