黄土丘陵区生态重建“赈济退耕”及地域分异特征

“赈济退耕”是目前国家关于黄土丘陵区生态重建的主体措施。本文在总结“赈济退耕”措施及其基本特点的基础上 ,根据土地利用、耕地坡度分级数据和“赈济退耕”现行标准分别计算了黄土丘陵区各县退耕 2 5°和 15°以上坡耕地的面积和政策性补贴资金需求额度。在构建并采用退耕指数和政策性补贴资金密度指数等指标对 5 5个县 (市、区 )进行类型划分的基础上 ,分析了黄土丘陵区生态重建“赈济退耕”规模及政策性补贴地域分异特征     

生态重建模式的评价方法——以黄土丘陵区为例

生态重建模式是协调生态脆弱地区人地关系的系列政策和配套措施的总称。作者在按模式总体特征、生态重建规模、投资需求及实施效果开展评价方法讨论和筛选评价指标的基础上,以黄土丘陵区为例,总结了“赈济退耕”、“梯田退耕”和“坝系根治”3种模式的基本特征,计算了不同模式下黄土丘陵区生态重建关于退耕、新修梯田、园地扩建、建坝淤地以及林草植被恢复等的规模和投资需求额度,分析了各模式下的生态重建效益。结果表明：“梯田退耕”可作为黄土丘陵区生态重建的主体模式,目前正在实施的“赈济退耕”具有显著的过渡性特征,“坝系根治”在局部区域可作为辅助模式。     

黄土丘陵区地表水和地下水对降水的响应——以康沟小流域为例

以"退耕还林"为主体的黄土丘陵区生态环境建设在过去10年来取得了显著成效.为揭示"退耕还林"政策实施以来黄土丘陵区的降水与地表水和地下水的关系,本文以延安康沟流域为例,根据1997-2006年延安站的逐日气象数据和康沟流域地表径流、泉水、井水水位实测水文数据,以及康沟流域地形地貌和土地利用等资料,利用相关分析法分析了康...     

黄土丘陵区生态环境建设与农村经济发展问题探讨

在探讨黄土丘陵区生态环境建设与农业和农村经济发展定位问题的基础上 ,概括了农业和农村经济发展的前提、应遵循的基本原则和发展方向 ,提出了生态适宜型农村经济发展模式的总体构架、地域类型及产业基础建设标准 ,最后从生态环境效益、经济效益和可持续发展性等角度对模式进行了较为深入的评价和分析。     

陇中黄土丘陵区农户收入对退耕还林(草)政策的响应——以龙滩小流域为例

退耕还林（草）政策的实施有效改善了陇中黄土丘陵区小流域生态环境、抑制了严重的水土流失，然而，对该区退耕还林（草）政策的实施和交通便利程度对小流域农户收入结构的耦合影响及互馈作用机制尚不清楚。本文选取定西市安定区巉口镇龙滩小流域为研究区，通过问卷调查获取3个区120个农户家庭土地利用情况、经营方式及收入数据，运用方差分析、回归分析和通径分析等方法定量分析交通便利程度和退耕还林比例对农户收入的影响与调控作用。结果表明：退耕还林比例影响了农田面积，进而影响了玉米和马铃薯的种植面积，由此增加了种植业收入，从而导致3个区低比例退耕还林农户收入均高于高比例退耕还林农户收入。同时退耕面积的增加也促使劳动力向非农产业的转移，而交通便利程度影响农户家庭打工人口比例，从而导致Ⅰ（交通便利）区农户的收入显著高于Ⅱ（交通欠发达）和Ⅲ（交通闭塞）区。交通便利程度和退耕还林比例通过农田面积、退耕还林地面积、玉米和马铃薯种植面积及打工人数等影响种植业、劳务输出和退耕还林政策性补助，进而影响流域内农户的收入水平。总之，退耕还林（草）政策的实施影响了陇中黄土丘陵区种植业和劳务输出产业的发展且存在区域差异，而对该区养殖业、林业及副业带动有限。因而，在新一轮退耕还林（草）政策实施之际，该区在加强交通等乡村基础条件建设的同时还需推动林下经济、特色养殖及副业发展，降低农户对种植业和退耕还林政策性补助的依赖，以此实现陇中黄土丘陵区生态和经济的可持续发展，提升农村绿色生产力。     

基于GIS的伊犁河流域生态环境质量评价与动态分析

生态环境质量评价是一项综合性、系统性研究工作,是合理开发利用资源、制定经济社会可持续发展规划和生态环境建设与保护对策的前提和基础。借助GIS技术,以县级行政区划为单元,利用2002和2004年遥感监测数据,运用综合指数评价法,从生物丰度、植被盖度、水网密度、土地退化和污染负荷5个方面,对伊犁河流域8县1市的环境质量现状进行了评价,结果表明:各县级行政区生态环境质量总体较为均衡,均处于一般等级水平,其中流域上游的新源县、巩留县和特克斯县相对较好。在此基础上探讨了生态环境质量综合评价指标体系在干旱区的适用性,比较分析2年期间不同生态环境质量等级的土地覆盖变化,数据表明伊犁河流域生态环境质量呈现"局部有所改善、总体缓慢退化"的趋势,并分析了研究区生态环境质量变化的内在原因。     

河南省耕地流转的区域差异及其影响因素分析

利用河南省大规模农户调查数据,揭示河南省耕地流转的区域差异,并采用Logistic回归模型识别耕地流转区域差异的影响因素。结果表明:(1)河南省耕地流转发生率呈上升趋势,西南部及南部山地丘陵区耕地流转发生率高于豫东和豫北平原地区。山地丘陵区耕地流转的规模、效率和综合指数总体上大于平原地区,效率指数尤为突出。(2)家庭成员外出务工、非农收入高、户主健康状况好有利于耕地转出,户主年龄大、距县(市)区较远的农户倾向于转入耕地,发达的本地乡镇企业会促进兼业生产但抑制耕地流转。(3)不同地形区耕地流转影响因素存在一定差异。平原区留守老人在耕地流转中发挥重要作用,山地丘陵区地租普遍较低有利于耕地流转,但对更多劳动力的刚性需求影响了农户的转入意愿。     

黄土丘陵区廊道研究初探

以景观生态系统理论为指导,对黄土丘陵区进行了地貌景观结构分析,确定了其“廊道、斑块、基质”的景观模式,认为黄土堆积物可被看作为黄土丘陵区的基质;墚、塬、峁、台地和残塬等为被侵蚀的一种残存斑块;沟谷、河谷和道路是主要的廊道。提出了沟谷廊道的概念,初步分析了沟谷廊道在黄土丘陵区的特点:三道合一、分布自相似性、延伸速度快、水土流失的通道以及道路廊道狭窄。从景观生态理论与沟谷廊道治理目标相结合的观点出发,提出了优化整治的原则与治理措施,认为黄土丘陵区沟谷廊道的研究在生态环境治理和社会经济发展方面具有重要的研究价值。     

黄土高原安塞县生态退耕情景及农业影响

退耕还林是目前黄土高原恢复生态环境和控制水土流失的主要政策。为搞清政策驱动下黄土高原生态退耕的基本情景,以安塞县为例,利用2000年土地利用图和地形坡度图,以地形坡度15^o、20^o和25^o为退耕界限,借助GIS空间分析技术,模拟和分析了安塞县生态退耕的规模、空间分异特点及退耕补贴需求和对农业的影响。研究结果表明：安塞县合理的退耕坡度界限应在20^o-25^o之间,北部的镰刀湾、王家湾、化子坪、坪桥、郝树坪和南部的楼坪6乡镇可考虑退耕20^o以上的坡地,其他8乡镇宜退耕25^o以上坡地。     

黄土丘陵小流域土地利用变化对水土流失的影响

在土壤侵蚀模型LISEM (Limburg Soil Erosion Model) 校正的基础上,模拟了陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区大南沟小流域5种土地利用方案的水土流失效应,旨在探讨土地利用变化对流域出口水土流失的影响。研究结果表明:流域出口的洪峰流速、径流总量和侵蚀总量的大小顺序为:1975年>1998年>25度退耕>20度退耕>15度退耕。1975年和1998年25度以上的陡坡耕地和休闲地均退耕还林还草,这2种土地利用格局的径流和侵蚀模拟值都显著大于3种退耕方案。在3种退耕方案中,20度和15度以上的陡坡耕地和休闲地逐步转变为果园/经济林地,3种退耕方案之间的水土流失差异不显著。相对于1975年土地利用来说,1998年土地利用能降低洪峰流速、径流量和侵蚀量约5%~10%;3种退耕方案的减流减沙效益更加显著,可以降低洪峰流速、径流量和侵蚀量约40%~50%。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

Assessment of GIAHS in Shizuoka: The Traditional Tea-grass Integrated System

<正>1 Introduction In 2013,Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture.Shizuoka prefecture occupies a variety of elevations,from 0 to 3000m or more above sea level.Because of the diversity of land features and climates,this area produces 167 agricultural commodities.In addition,a lot of traditional agriculture and over200 local native varieties of crops have been conserved in Shizuoka     

ERAHS: A New Platform for the Exchange of Regional Information and Experience on Agricultural Heritage Systems

<正>There are more than 10000 years of agricultural development history in the world that has provided very fruitful and ingenious traditional knowledge and experiences reflecting the evolution of humanity and the nature.In2002,the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)initiated an international partnership initiative of"Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Journal of Resources and Ecology Total Contents of Volume 5, 2014

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BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .