近50年新疆北疆地区气候变化趋势分析研究

采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验和突变检验法,基于1956～2006年新疆北疆8个地区的年均气温和年降水量数据,对北疆8个地区近50年的年均气温和年降水量序列的变化趋势和突变进行了分析.结果表明北疆8个地区的气温和降水呈现了大致相同的变化趋势,自20世纪80～ 90年代以来,北疆大部分地区气温呈现显著上升趋势,出现增温突变.同时,降水量也呈现上升趋势.其中,博州、乌鲁木齐及阿勒泰地区降水量呈现的显著增加趋势,出现突变增加;其余大部地区降水量缓慢增加,没有发生突变.近50年来,北疆气候总体呈现一个增温增湿的变化趋势.     

近40年来塔里木河流域旱涝的气候变化

以Mann-Kendall检验、z指数变换、最大熵谱和气候趋势系数方法分析塔里木河流域降水突变、旱涝等级、旱涝周期与趋势的时空变化。结果表明:近40年来,流域各段的降水量都有增加的趋势,且存在突变,从源流区至下游突变时间依次提前;20世纪60年代流域干旱多,旱情较重;70~80年代中期属于转换期,出现旱情和涝情较重;80年代后期以后干旱明显减少,雨涝居多,涝情重;90年代中期以来,下游趋势与其余区域不同;准3年周期是流域各段最重要的变化周期。近40年来,上游变湿显著,源流区和中游不显著,下游有微弱变湿趋势;NAO对中上游旱涝影响显著,对全流域影响较大。     

庐山旅游区气候变化特征及其影响因素分析

采用Mann-Kendall方法,对1955~2008年庐山旅游区气候要素进行变化趋势分析和突变检验,结果表明,近54 a来气温和降水都出现了不同程度的差异性升高和增加趋势。庐山旅游区年平均气温上升趋势较显著,20世纪90年代以来年平均气温明显偏高,并在1996年左右发生了突变。极端最高气温升高幅度微弱,但极端最低气温上升趋势显著,且升高幅度较大。年降水量呈微弱的增加趋势,20世纪70年代频繁波动突变,且20世纪70年代以来年降水量都较以前偏高,其中20世纪90年代最高。近年来,最大日暴雨量和年暴雨日数都呈增加趋势,20世纪90年代是最大日暴雨量和暴雨日数的最高时期。夏秋季节暴雨频繁,暴雨6月最多,大暴雨8月最多,且年降水量增加趋势的贡献可能是夏秋季节极端降水事件增加的结果。     

增暖背景下中国东北地区极端降水事件的演变特征

利用中国东北地区93站1959~2002年逐日降水资料,研究该区极端降水事件时空演变特征,结果表明:东北地区极端降水事件阈值由东南沿海向西北内陆逐渐减小,6~9月是极端降水事件集中出现月份;1985~2002年是极端降水事件偏多,且为一突变现象;东北地区短时间内连续发生极端降水事件概率较大,其中1~5天时间间隔极端降水事件占23.7%;80年代中期后东北地区增暖背景下,极端降水事件和有1~5天时间间隔的极端降水事件明显增加,特别是松花江下游和牡丹江流域及西辽河上游地区,频次和强度存在增加或增强趋势。     

1958~2015年疏勒河上游出山径流变化及其气候因素分析

利用1958~2015年疏勒河出山口昌马堡水文站径流资料以及同期流域气象资料,揭示了疏勒河出山径流及其对流域气候变化的响应。结果表明：总体上,疏勒河出山径流量呈现增加趋势,特别是20世纪90年代后期以来,出山径流增加趋势更为明显,但近几年,疏勒河出山径流量缓慢回落,21世纪初暂时成为代际变化的拐点。研究亦显示,疏勒河出山径流对河源处高海拔山区气候变化的响应更为敏感,出山径流年际变化实际受到山区气候因素的共同影响,不同时段各因素影响强度具有一定差异;降水是出山径流变化的主控因素,但气温升高导致冰雪融化加快是近年来出山径流增长较快的重要原因。定量分析表明,20世纪90年代后期以来气温等对径流影响比重超过60%,而降水约为30%左右。     

近46年来中国东部季风区夏季气温变化特征分析

利用中国东部季风区375个测站夏季平均气温资料,分析季风区夏季气温的变化特征.结果表明:(1)近46 a东部季风区夏季气温年平均呈缓慢上升趋势,但淮河流域出现下降趋势;(2)夏季气温稳定性随纬度增加而减小;(3)季风区夏季气温年均增温率0.104℃/10 a,全区平均状况看,1970年代中期后开始表现明显上升趋势;(4)季风区夏季气温变化首先表现为全区一致的变化型,然后为南北反相变化型;(5)根据REOF分析将季风区夏季气温异常分6个气候空间类型,东北、华北、江南及华南均呈现上升增温趋势,西南地区增温缓慢,淮河流域则呈现与全球变暖不一致的降温趋势.     

科尔沁沙地生态环境特征分析

科尔沁沙地典型地区生态环境特征的分析表明,40年来科尔沁沙地的年均气温呈逐渐增加的趋势,与全球气温升高变化一致。年降水量的变化呈波动式增加,特别是从20世纪70年代中期到90年代中期年降水量的波动幅度增大。气候类型年际间呈半干旱、半湿润和湿润交替出现,其中半干旱气候出现频率为47．5％,半湿润气候为45％,湿润气候为7．5％。沙尘暴的发生日数从1961年以来呈下降趋势,到1984年以后低于平均水平。科尔沁沙地的土壤和植被的异质性决定了该区域的农牧交错特征,特定的风沙环境促进了农牧交错特征的变化。     

纵向岭谷区的怒江跨境径流量变化特征

以纵向岭谷区的怒江跨境径流量观测数据为基础,应用统计分析方法,研究了怒江跨境径流量的变化特征和规律.结论为:怒江的跨境径流量主要集中在雨季(5～10月),其间的径流量约占全年的82%,径流量的这种年内变化特征说明怒江在年内为雨水补给为主的河流;雨季的怒江跨境径流量在年跨境径流总量中的比重从20世纪60年代中期以来总体是呈下降的趋势;从年际变化上来说,怒江属于高山冰雪融水和雨水混合补给型河流,从20世纪70年代开始,怒江跨境径流量的年际变化就开始呈显著增加的时间演变趋势;径流量最长有可达6个月的持续性,出现在9月;总体来看,怒江跨境径流量的年代际大尺度变化特征主要表现在20世纪80年代的中期以前,径流量相对来说是比较少的,而从80年代的中期以后有明显增加的趋势;怒江跨境径流量的变化主要是由于纵向岭谷区西南季风环流系统活动的变化造成的,至少在夏季风活动期间是这样.     

关中盆地西部黄土剖面年代序列及其记录的成壤环境演变

应用光释光技术确定匠杨村黄土沉积序列年代框架。结合地层沉积特征和其他指标测量结果,得到该区自末次冰消期以来成壤环境演变:16.66~13.16kaB.P.期间气候干旱,风尘输入量较大,成壤作用微弱;13.16~8.31kaB.P.期间气候转暖转湿,风尘输入量最小,但因植被没完全恢复致使成壤强度仍很弱;8.31~3.24kaB.P.期间气候湿润,风尘输入量较小,是重要的成壤期,其间6.19~5.77ka和末期3.78~3.24ka旱化趋势导致风尘输入量增加和成壤强度减弱;3.24ka以来,在气候旱化趋势下风尘输入量增加,成壤作用再次减弱。     

长江上游干支流近期水沙变化及其与水库修建的关系

基于水文站实测的长系列水沙资料,运用统计方法研究了长江上游干支流的近期水沙变化.屏山站年输沙量的变化自1999年以后开始减小,扭转了1980～1998年的增加趋势.高场站年输沙量由1990～2000年的减小趋势,变化为2000～2007年的增大趋势.北碚站的年输沙量呈进一步减少的趋势.武隆站年输沙量改变了1990～2000年的增加趋势,2000～2007年显著减小.宜昌站的年输沙量延续了从20世纪80年代中期以来的减少趋势,2002～2007年急剧减小.采用输沙量-径流最双累积曲线方法进行了分析,发现各站双累积曲线上最近一次转折点的出现,均与水库的修建有关.基于双累积曲线估算了近期各站的减沙量(或增沙量).研究还发现,近期屏山、北碚、武隆、宜昌4站含沙量均呈现减小趋势,与水库的拦沙作用密切相关.但是,岷江近期水电梯级开发的大规模展开,巨量弃土、弃渣进入河道,导致了2002～2007年间含沙量的增大.建立了宜昌站年输沙量与长江上游流域内累计水库库容量及宜昌站年径流量之间的回归方程,估算出它们对于长江上游产沙量变化的贡献率分别为71.4%和28.6%.这表明,水库拦沙是导致长江上游产沙量减小的主要原因.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

Assessment of GIAHS in Shizuoka: The Traditional Tea-grass Integrated System

<正>1 Introduction In 2013,Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture.Shizuoka prefecture occupies a variety of elevations,from 0 to 3000m or more above sea level.Because of the diversity of land features and climates,this area produces 167 agricultural commodities.In addition,a lot of traditional agriculture and over200 local native varieties of crops have been conserved in Shizuoka     

ERAHS: A New Platform for the Exchange of Regional Information and Experience on Agricultural Heritage Systems

<正>There are more than 10000 years of agricultural development history in the world that has provided very fruitful and ingenious traditional knowledge and experiences reflecting the evolution of humanity and the nature.In2002,the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)initiated an international partnership initiative of"Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.