石羊河下游白刺灌丛演替发育过程的土壤呼吸及其影响因素分析

对不同类型土壤呼吸及其影响因素的研究有助于了解区域生态过程和全球气候变化。在石羊河下游,根据白刺灌丛生长及其生境状况,选择了初期发育、稳定、衰退、严重衰退的白刺灌丛植被,采用Li-8100土壤碳通量监测系统,研究了白刺灌丛演替过程的土壤呼吸日变化。结果表明,各发育阶段的白刺灌丛土壤呼吸最大值均出现在12:00,呼吸速率均值大小顺序为:稳定阶段＞初期发育阶段＞衰退阶段＞严重衰退阶段。各发育阶段不同坡位土壤呼吸日变化动态存在差异,但平均值都表现为迎风坡＞背风坡＞丘间地。建立各因素与土壤呼吸之间的模型发现,白刺的生长状况与土壤呼吸之间的相关性达到极显著,表层土壤含水量对土壤呼吸的影响大于深层土壤,而二次函数较其他模型能更好地表达地下10 cm温度与土壤呼吸之间的关系,且两者之间相关性达到极显著。     

不同尺度生态学中植物叶性状研究概述

植物叶性状与植物个体、群落、生态系统功能的基本行为和功能具有密切相关性,可反映植物适应环境变化所形成的生存对策。目前有关叶性状的研究非常多,从不同尺度（个体尺度、功能群尺度、群落尺度和区域及全球尺度）对叶的性状进行了研究。个体尺度叶性状的研究着重于揭示单个或多个植物种叶性状对不同环境因子（如温度、土壤水分等）的响应;不同功能群之间植物性状的分异表明环境因子对功能群而言存在选择压力（如低氮）,但在功能群内部,选择压力较弱;随群落结构的改变,群落叶性状平均值和建群种叶性状均存在显著变化;大尺度（区域和全球）的研究有助于定量化阐述叶性状分异规律及其与气候等环境因子之间的相关性。目前的研究没有从机理上阐述清楚植物叶性状对环境因子的响应、群落构建过程中植物叶性状的指示作用、叶性状分异的生物地理格局等,在未来的研究中应予以更多关注。     

民勤绿洲边缘人工梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)林衰败过程中植被组成动态及群落相似性

以民勤绿洲边缘未退化(ND)、轻度退化(SLD)、中度退化(MD)及重度退化(SD)的人工梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)林为研究对象,通过野外定点监测与样方调查方法对其植被组成、物种多样性、优势种种群结构变化以及群落间相似性进行了研究。结果表明:(1)ND、SLD及MD林地植物群落灌木层植被均由4种植物组成,SD林地灌木层由3种植物组成,其优势种演替过程为单优种梭梭—共有种梭梭、红砂、白刺—单优种红砂;在草本层中,ND林地出现6种植物,SLD、MD及SD林地均出现9种植物,其优势种演替过程为五星蒿、盐生草—画眉草、黄花矶松。(2)人工梭梭林退化过程中,灌木层优势种梭梭、白刺和红砂种群龄级结构动态变化分别为稳定型—衰退型、增长型—稳定型—衰退型、持续增长型。(3)4种类型林地植物群落物种多样性指标数也发生了不同程度变化,但整个林地植被趋向于更稳定方向发展。(4)4种林地植被群落两两之间的相似性为ND与SD之间的相似性最低,MD与SLD之间的相似性最高。这说明人工固沙林逐渐衰败过程其实质是林地固定改变了林地生境,植物群落发生了由沙生植物群落向沙旱生植物群落演替。因此,在民勤绿洲边缘开展人工固沙林恢复与重建工作时,应将沙旱生植物红砂作为植物材料之一。     

毛乌素沙地油蒿群落演替的生理生态学机制

对毛乌素沙地稀疏阶段、建成阶段和衰老阶段的油蒿群落的野外观测实验结果表明,不同演替阶段的油蒿群落对环境的适应性和生理生态特性表现出明显的差异。随群落盖度的增加,0—20 cm土层中土壤含水量明显增加,而在20—80 cm范围内有所下降。与稀疏阶段和建成阶段的油蒿群落相比,衰老阶段的油蒿群落的平均净光合速率低,光饱合点低,光能及水分利用效率最低,并且日变化过程也表现出受到了明显环境胁迫。在不同的演替阶段,油蒿的气孔导度与植物水势均呈线性相关。随植物水势的降低,处于衰老阶段的油蒿气孔导度降低速率最快。结合气孔导度和水分循环的关系,还初步探讨了毛乌素沙地油蒿群落演替的主要驱动因子。     

科尔沁沙质草地不同水热梯度植物群落叶功能性状特征

植物功能性状可以响应生境的变化并决定生态系统的功能,探究植物功能性状间的关系及其随温度和降水梯度的变化规律,对认识不同气候条件下植被在群落水平碳水代谢关系和维持水分平衡的生理生态学机制具有重要意义。近年来,有关群落水平功能性状与环境因子关系的研究较少,尤其是半干旱区沙质草地植物群落功能性状对气候梯度响应的研究鲜有报告。因此,本研究以科尔沁沙质草地群落为研究对象,分析了温度和降水梯度上群落功能性状以及性状间的相关关系。结果显示：（1）随着区域温度增加（2.1～6.4℃）和降水减少（451.1～370.0 mm）,沙质草地群落功能性状变化趋势不一。群落高度和叶面积随温度升高显著增加。群落高度、叶面积和比叶面积随降水减少显著降低,群落叶厚度、叶干物质含量和叶组织密度随降水减少显著增加。（2）群落高度与叶面积显著正相关,叶厚度与叶干物质含量显著正相关,叶面积、比叶面积与叶干物质含量、叶厚度显著负相关,叶组织密度与叶干物质含量呈显著负相关。（3）气候因素驱动了54.66%植物性状变异,其中降水是影响沙质草地群落功能性状的主要影响因子。     

贡嘎山海螺沟冰川退缩区植被演替过程的碳动态

在贡嘎山海螺沟冰川退缩区植被原生演替序列不同演替阶段设置7个样地,分别对7个样地的环境因子进行连续观测试验,对各个样地的植物、土壤碳、粗木质物残体的有机碳含量进行测定。结果表明:原生演替序列7个样地的有机碳储量分别为:889.3,8930.3,13902.5,17021.5,19699.9,26121.9,34587.4 g C·m~(-2)。样地的有机碳储量按大小顺序排列为:植被土壤粗木质物残体。7个样地的土壤呼吸C排放分别是326.7,265.7,260.3,382.5,555.6,774.9,1030.5 g C·m~(-2)·a~(-1)。在未来气候变化情景模式下,不同演替阶段林分的土壤呼吸量均随着温度的增加而增加,演替初期生态系统的土壤呼吸季节模式会发生显著变化,对气候变化更加敏感,演替后期的变化较小。植被原生演替序列总有机碳储量呈现持续增加的趋势,在演替中后期碳汇作用变强。     

温州湾湿地互花米草地下芽功能性状及其影响因素

地下芽是外来入侵植物互花米草种群扩散的基础,研究其功能性状及其与环境的关系可为掌握互花米草入侵机制提供理论依据。本研究以3处温州湾滨海湿地互花米草为研究对象,开展其地下芽功能性状和环境调控研究。结果表明:1)地下芽形态性状及生物量均表现为乐清湾>鳌江口>瓯江口,且根茎芽密度、芽长度与直径比在不同地区间存在显著差异(P>0.05)。2)乐清湾与鳌江口湿地地下芽全氮含量及氮磷比较高且两地差异不显著,而瓯江口湿地则显著低于其它两地(P<0.05)。3)土壤含水率是互花米草地下芽形态性状及生物量(解释度为17.8%)、化学计量(解释度为27.4%)的主控因子。维护和控制湿地水环境是沿海地区大范围防治互花米草扩散的有效途径。     

江苏盐城滨海湿地优势植物功能性状分析

植物功能性状研究在生态系统演替以及生态系统对环境变化的响应中具有重要意义。分析江苏盐城滨海湿地优势植物密度、植株高度、叶面积指数、叶片长宽比、单叶重、叶绿素含量、茎粗、单位面积生物量功能性状,结果表明:不同植物的功能性状存在着显著差异,其中,碱蓬植株密度最大,荻最小;芦苇植株高度最高,碱蓬最低;荻叶面积指数最大,互花米草叶面积指数与白茅、芦苇的相近;互花米草叶绿素含量最高,白茅最低;苔草叶片长宽比最大,芦苇最小;互花米草茎粗最大,苔草茎粗最小;互花米草单位面积生物量最大,苔草最小。通过Pearson相关性分析表明,绝大部分植物在适应环境的过程中,其功能性状之间具有较强的相关性。     

毛乌素沙地丘间低地主要植物叶片性状及其相互关系

以毛乌素沙地丘间低地30种主要植物为研究对象,比较不同功能群植物叶片性状的变异特征,分析植物叶片各性状之间的关系。结果表明:30种植物的比叶面积的变异系数最大,比叶面积与叶片干物质含量呈现极显著的负相关关系,叶片干物质含量与叶片碳含量呈显著的正相关关系,叶氮含量与叶片碳氮比呈极显著负相关关系,叶面积与其他所有的叶片性状都无相关性。比叶面积、叶片干物质含量、叶面积、叶氮含量和叶碳含量在不同功能群之间存在显著差异,叶片碳氮比在不同功能群之间没有显著差异。研究结果有助于了解毛乌素沙地丘间低地环境变化对植物种群的作用,增进对丘间低地植被演变特征的认识。     

功能多样性的预测准度受所选择的植物性状数量制约（英文）

植物功能多样性(Functional diversity)是将植物功能性状与群落结构相结合而推导的整合参数,为人们揭示植物适应策略、植物性状间关系以及植物性状与功能间关系等提供了一种可选择的新技术手段。然而,至今人们还不清楚功能多样性参数与所选取性状数量的关系,即它是否存在性状数量的依赖性?这些信息对正确使用功能多样性参数至关重要。本文利用中国东部森林样带9个典型森林生态系统的规范化测定的366个乔木物种和34种功能性状,对7个广泛使用的功能多样性参数的数量依赖性进行了检验,它们分别是功能丰富度参数(functional attribute diversity, FAD; modified FAD, MFAD; convex hull hypervolume, FRic)、功能均匀度参数(functional evenness, FEve)、功能离散度参数(functional divergence, FDiv; functional dispersion, FDis;quadratic entropy, RaoQ)。分析结果表明:功能丰富度参数均随着所选择性状数量增加而增加,但功能离散度的各个参数对性状数量变化表现出不一致趋势。整体而言,虽然FAD、MFAD、FRic、RaoQ随着性状数量变化而变化,但它们是可预测的,可比较的。实验结果证明所选择的性状数量强烈地影响功能多样性参数,大部分参数随着性状数量变化是可预测的,证实了功能性状参数是具有重要潜力的技术手段(特定地点研究和不同研究间的比较),因此在使用过程中需要高度重视性状数量选择的影响。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

Assessment of GIAHS in Shizuoka: The Traditional Tea-grass Integrated System

<正>1 Introduction In 2013,Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture.Shizuoka prefecture occupies a variety of elevations,from 0 to 3000m or more above sea level.Because of the diversity of land features and climates,this area produces 167 agricultural commodities.In addition,a lot of traditional agriculture and over200 local native varieties of crops have been conserved in Shizuoka     

ERAHS: A New Platform for the Exchange of Regional Information and Experience on Agricultural Heritage Systems

<正>There are more than 10000 years of agricultural development history in the world that has provided very fruitful and ingenious traditional knowledge and experiences reflecting the evolution of humanity and the nature.In2002,the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)initiated an international partnership initiative of"Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.