甘肃省两当县东河金矿床矿物共生组合特征

东河金矿床处于南秦岭成矿带西铅锌金多金属成矿带的东延部分,区内断裂构造发育,出露地层主要为中上志留统舟曲组和志留-泥盆系大河店组,金矿体主要产于中上志留统舟曲组粉砂质板岩中,矿体受构造破碎蚀变带控制,矿化与硅化、黄铁矿化、毒砂化关系密切。本文论述了区内金矿带的空间展布和规模及主要矿体的展布形态、品位、厚度及矿化特征,对金矿床矿物共生组合进行了探讨。     

内蒙古达茂旗查干哈达矿区水泥用石灰岩矿地质特征及矿床成因浅析

矿区位于达尔罕茂明安联合旗旗政府所在地百灵庙镇北北西约35km处,矿体赋存于上志留统-下泥盆统西别河组巴特敖包礁(br)地层中,矿石主要有益组分CaO平均为52.49%;主要有害组分MgO平均0.34%。矿石自然类型为白、灰白、粉红—灰黄色及灰—深灰色厚层微晶灰岩。     

南极大燐虾(Euphausia Superba)氟含量分析研究

本文利用1984/85年我国首次南大洋考察带回的燐虾样品,采用氟试剂比色法,分析研究了南极大燐虾(Eunhausia Superba)的氟含量,结果表明:南极大燐虾含有很高的氟.虾壳含氟量最高,平均为4303mg/kgF;其次是头胸部,为1890mg/kaF;整体含氟量为1191mg/kgF;肌肉中最低,为370mg/kgF.雄性燐虾与雌性燐虾对氟的吸收和需求不同.冰冻贮存的大燐虾氟含量超出了美国食品药物管理局规定的二十多倍.新鲜脱壳虾肉氟含量只有60mg/kgF,是冰冻贮存燐虾肌肉氟含量的16%左右.富集氟是各种燐虾特有的生理功能,不仅南极燐虾有,其它海区的燐虾也有.     

纳帕海湿地土壤有机碳和微生物量碳研究

以纳帕海湿地天然沼泽、沼泽化草甸和草甸为研究对象,研究土壤有机碳和土壤微生物量碳含量的时空分布及其变化。结果表明,天然沼泽、沼泽化草甸和草甸0~40 cm深土层的平均有机碳含量在(18.02±0.24)~(258.44±3.37)g/kg之间变动;三者10~40 cm深土壤的各土层平均有机碳含量随着土壤深度增加在不断减小,且差异显著(p0.05);其土壤表层(0~10 cm)的平均微生物量碳含量都较高,分别为(446.23±98.72)mg/kg(沼泽化草甸)、(204.23±44.90)mg/kg(天然沼泽)和(158.64±65.24)mg/kg(草甸);三者0~40 cm深土层的微生物量碳含量差异明显,沼泽化草甸的微生物量碳含量最高,为940.00 mg/kg,天然沼泽次之,为472.23 mg/kg,草甸最低,为359.78 mg/kg;在垂直分布上,三者的土壤微生物量碳含量表现出与土壤有机碳含量一致的规律;土壤有机碳含量和土壤微生物量碳含量都与土壤含水量显著相关,表明纳帕海湿地土壤有机碳含量和土壤微生物量碳含量主要受土壤水分的影响,而人为疏干排水是导致土壤水分下降的诱因。     

镇安月河钒矿床地质特征及成矿远景浅析

镇安月河钒矿床位于南秦岭黑色岩系中带上,下寒武统水沟口组炭质硅质岩、含炭硅质板岩是矿床的主要赋矿层位,矿体受该层位、岩性与大型倒转背斜构造控制作用明显。从区域地质、矿区地质、矿体特征等方面对月河钒矿控矿要素、找矿标志、矿床成因进行剖析。结果认为月河钒矿形成于早古生代陆缘裂陷海槽体制下的海相沉积作用,矿床成因类型为沉积型层状钒矿床。认为研究区有较大的提升空间,矿床有望达大型规模。     

安徽省金家村地区下寒武统黑色岩系微量元素地球化学特征

安徽金家村地区发育下寒武统黑色岩系,稀土元素地球化学研究表明,其富集Ag、V、U、Mo、As、Sb等多种金属元素。且在这套黑色岩系地层剖面中,其中部碳质页岩的金属元素富集程度比其他岩性的富集程度明显偏高。但黑色岩系总量不富集,轻稀土较重稀土富集。δEu值为0.85~0.90,平均0.88;δCe值为0.70~0.97,平均0.85;Y/Y*均值为0.70~1.67,平均为1.36,稀土元素地球化学特征反映该区下寒武统曾发生过一次明显的海侵——海退过程,黑色岩系为正常海水与热水混合沉积的产物,形成于缺氧还原状态过渡到半还原——弱氧化状态的过程中,沉积环境为干燥气候条件下相对较深的浅海斜坡环境。     

川中丘陵区土壤养分含量及其与易氧化有机碳的关系

以川中丘陵区的典型紫色土为主要研究对象，对丘陵区不同成土母质的土壤养分含量特点及其与土壤易氧化有机碳的相互关系分析。结果表明：研究区内土壤有机碳平均含量8．10g／kg，属中等水平，主要集中在4．00-15．00g／kg。土壤易氧化有机碳的含量在0．65～3．98g／kg。全氮含量在0．185～1．074g／kg，平均值为0．413g／kg，含量偏低。且三者不同成土母质的含量规律均为：遂宁组〉蓬莱镇组〉自流井组〉沙溪庙组；土壤全磷含量总体在0．26—3．04g／kg，不同母质的含量与前面三者的分布既相似又存在局部差异性：遂宁组〉蓬莱镇组〉沙溪庙组〉自流井组；土壤有效氮含量总体在15．6—68．3mg／kg，其含量与土壤全氮略有不同：蓬莱镇组〉沙溪庙组〉遂宁组〉自流井组；土壤有效磷的含量在3．0—15．4mg／kg：遂宁组〉自流井组〉蓬莱镇组〉沙溪庙组。对于川中丘陵区土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、有效氮（AN）、全磷（TP）、有效磷（AP）与易氧化有机碳（ROC）之间的关系分析，得出5个一元线性回归方程。由相关系数可知易氧化有机碳对土壤碳、氮、磷作用强度的顺序依次为：土壤有机碳、土壤全氮、土壤有效氮、土壤有效磷、土壤全磷。     

内蒙古乌海市桌子山石灰岩矿床地质特征及成因

桌子山石灰岩矿床产于奥陶系下统马家沟组石灰岩地层中。根据矿体特征、矿石矿物成分、结构构造及成因分析,认为属浅海相潮间坪、潮上坪沉积环境下的化学—生物化学沉积矿床。     

新生滨海湿地土壤微量营养元素空间分异特征

在黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区核心区新生湿地内,根据植被分布状况,由黄河岸边至海滩方向布设了两条平行样带,研究土壤微量营养元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn和B分布的空间分异特征.结果表明,黄河三角洲新生滨海湿地表层0～30 cm土壤中B、Mn、Fe、Cu和Zn的平均含量分别为50.94 mg/kg、439.87 mg/kg,22.25 g/kg、27.48mg/kg和46.39 mg/kg.从黄河岸边至近海光滩区,土壤中5种微量营养元素含量总体上呈逐渐增加趋势,在剖面上表现为波动变化规律.不同植被群落土壤中,5种微量营养元素含量之间及其与总有机碳含量、总氮含量、总硫含量和土壤含盐量之间存在显著正相关关系.新生滨海湿地土壤中总有机碳含量、总氮含量和总硫含量是影响土壤微量营养元素含量的关键因素.     

三江平原不同土地利用方式下土壤可溶性有机碳的分布特征

通过测定三江平原不同土地利用方式下典型样带土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量,研究了土壤DOC分布特征及影响因素,以揭示垦殖过程对土壤DOC的影响。结果表明:在不同的土地利用方式下,小叶章湿地土壤中DOC含量最高(768.54 mg/kg),林地次之(岛状林为676.65 mg/kg;人工杨树林为575.91 mg/kg),农田土壤最低(玉米地为318.7 mg/kg;水稻田为523.94 mg/kg)。除水稻田外,其余4种土地利用方式下土壤DOC由表层至底层均呈现出先增加而后急剧减少的趋势,在水稻田中,DOC含量随着剖面深度增加而明显升高;土壤DOC含量与土壤有机质(SOM)含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.588,p0.001),与p H值呈显著负相关(r=-0.228,p=0.038)。湿地垦殖后,土壤中DOC占SOM的比例下降,表明湿地垦殖减缓了土壤碳周转速率。     

Neoproterozoic–Devonian stratigraphic evolution of the eastern Murzuq Basin,Libya: a tale of tilting in the central Sahara

The Murzuq Basin is one of the most petroliferous basins of North Africa. Its remote eastern flank has been largely ignored since early reconnaissance work in the 1950s and 1960s. This article presents new stratigraphic and sedimentological data on the Neoproterozoic through Devonian succession from the Mourizidie and Dor el Gussa regions. The Neoproterozoic to Cambrian Mourizidie and Hasawnah formations in the eastern part of the Mourizidie region dip to the east and north‐east, resting directly on late Precambrian metasediments and granitoids. These strata record the initial progradation of sand‐dominated braidplain systems upon peneplained Precambrian basement. Rhyolite clasts in the Hasawnah Formation may record tectonically driven uplift and unroofing in the southern Tibesti Massif or tectonomagmatic rejuvenation to the south of this massif. In the western part of the Mourizidie region, Late Ordovician through Silurian strata (Mamuniyat and Tanezzuft–Akakus formations) directly overlie late Precambrian metasediments and granitoids, and dip at a low angle towards the west into the Murzuq Basin. Elsewhere at the eastern Murzuq Basin flank, in Dor el Gussa, Late Ordovician glaciogenic sediments rest with angular unconformity upon shallow marine sandstones of Cambrian–Ordovician age. This angular unconformity may also occur in the Mourizidie region and indicates widespread tectonism, either as a result of a Middle–Late Ordovician orogenic event, far‐field tectonism related to the opening of the Rheic Ocean along the northern margin of Gondwana or alternatively crustal depression associated with the growth of Late Ordovician ice sheets. Unconformity development was also probably associated with glacial incision. Following ice sheet retreat, isostatic rebound during deglaciation resulted in uplift of tens to hundreds of metres, locally removing all Cambrian and Ordovician formations. Rising sea levels in the Silurian led to deposition of the Tanezzuft Formation on Precambrian basement in the northwestern Mourizidie region.     

Additional evidence of pre-Silurian high-pressure metamorphic rocks in Spitsbergen

It has been previously suggested that the high-pressure metamorphic rock complex of Motalafjclla, central-western Spitsbergen, is older than Lower Silurian. An unconformity has been discovered at the base of a limestone which contains fossils similar to those reported as Lower Silurian from the same massif. This proves that the high-pressure metamorphics represent an older rock complex. The unconformity surface is inverted in the area, and large recumbent folds involving the Silurian Bulltinden Formation have been mapped. These folds are considered to be pre-Carboniferous.     

Palaeomagnetism of Lower Cambrian sediments from the Olenek River section (northern Siberia): palaeopoles and the problem of magnetic polarity in the Early Cambrian

New palaeomagnetic data from the Lower and Middle Cambrian sedimentary rocks of northern Siberia are presented. During stepwise thermal demagnetization the stable characteristic remanence (ChRM) directions have been isolated for three Cambrian formations. Both polarities have been observed, and mean ChRM directions (for normal polarity) are: Kessyusa Formation (Lower Cambrian) D = 145°, I = -40°, N = 12, α₉₅= 12.8°; pole position: φ= 38°S, A = 165°E; Erkeket Formation (Lower Cambrian, stratigraphically highly) D = 152°, I = - 47°, N = 23, α₉₅= 6.8°; pole position: φ= 45°S, A = 159°E; Yunkyulyabit-Yuryakh Formation (Middle Cambrian) D = 166°, I = - 33°, N = 38, α₉₅= 4.6°; pole position: φ= 36°S, L = 140°E. These poles are in good agreement with the apparent polar wander path based on the bulk of existing Cambrian palaeomagnetic data from the Siberian platform. In Cambrian times, the Siberian platform probably occupied southerly latitudes stretching from about 35° to 0°, and was oriented 'reversely' with respect to its present position. Siberia moved northwards during the Cambrian by about 10° of latitude. This movement was accompanied by anticlockwise rotation of about 30°. The magnetostratigraphic results show the predominance of reversed polarity in the Early Cambrian and an approximately equal occurrence of both polarities in the part of the Middle Cambrian studied. These results are in good agreement with the palaeomagnetic polarity timescale for the Cambrian of the Siberian platform constructed previously by Khramov et al. (1987).     

Palaeomagnetic study of the (Lower Cambrian) Longmyndian sediments and tuffs, Welsh Borderlands

Summary. This study covers detailed thermal, chemical and alternating field demagnetization from 50 sites distributed through all units of the Longmyndian sedimentary succession (with the exception of the Stretton Shales), and eight sites in the tuff bands comprising the Batch Volcanics. The resultant effect of treatment is to remove a low blocking temperature steep component and isolate a coherent remanence direction D = 116°, I = 76° the total NRM is composite and not an adequate indicator of the palaeofield. Chemical demagnetization indicates that both hematite and magnetite grains contribute to this component and these two phases are magnetized in the same direction. A negative fold test shows that this remanence was acquired during or after the Longmyndian folding. Formation of the major magnetic constituent, authigenic magnetite, is linked to dewatering during rapid uplift following the folding which is dated by both the Rb–Sr and fission track methods at c . 525 Ma. The study defines a palaeopole of this age remote from the later APW path for Britain and links the Late Precambrian–Lower Cambrian path defmed from basement rocks of England and Wales with the Ordovician and younger results. Palaeomagnetic results from tuff bands within the sediments and Lower Silurian age intrusions cutting the outcrop are also reported.     

Detailed S-wave structure in the Dublin Basin and its northern margin

Summary. The seismic structure has been measured to a depth of about 3 km along a 30 km seismic profile in east central Ireland. This profile is unusual in that it is the S -wave velocity—depth structure that has been measured to a degree of precision more normally associated with P -wave results. One reason for this is that the sources used were quarry blasts which generated strong S -waves and short-period surface waves but rather weak P -waves.
The results show a layer of Carboniferous limestone with shear velocity 2.65 km⁻¹ s overlying a layer with a velocity of 3.06 km s⁻¹. This second layer was interpreted as Lower Palaeozoic strata (Silurian/Ordovician) since this velocity was evident in an inlier seen at the surface at the northern end of the line. A third refraction horizon, shear velocity 3.45 km s⁻¹ and displaying a basinal structure, was also recognized. This may be Cambrian or Precambrian basement.     

澜沧江-湄公河重金属污染评价及大坝影响(英文)

The resource development and changes of hydrological regime,sediment and water quality in the Mekong River basin have attracted great attentions.This research aimed to enhance the study on transboundary pollution of heavy metals in this international river.In this study,eight sampling sites were selected to collect the bed sand samples along the mainstream of the Mekong River.In addition,the contents of 5 heavy metal elements and their spatial variability along the mainstream of the river were analyzed.The geoaccumulation index(I geo) and potential ecological risk analysis were employed to assess heavy metal pollution status in the mainstream of the Mekong River.The results show that the average content of the heavy metal elements Zn is 91.43 mg/kg,Pb is 41.85 mg/kg,and As is 21.84 mg/kg in the bed sands of the Upper Mekong River,which are higher than those(Zn 68.17 mg/kg,Pb 28.22 mg/kg,As 14.97 mg/kg) in the Lower Mekong.The average content of Cr in the Lower Mekong is 418.86 mg/kg,higher than that in the Upper Mekong(42.19 mg/kg).Luang Prabang has a very high Cr concentration with 762.93 mg/kg and Pakse with 422.90 mg/kg.The concentration of Cu in all of the 8 sampling sites is similar,except for in Jiajiu with 11.70 mg/kg and Jiebei with 7.00 mg/kg.The results of the geoaccumulation index reveal that contaminations caused by Zn and Pb while Pb and As are more than those by Zn in Upper Mekong.Cr is the primary pollutant in the Lower Mekong,especially at Luang Prabang and Pakse.Slight pollution with As also occurs in Pakse.The potential ecological risk index indicates that the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the mainstream of the Mekong River is low.We argue that the pollution of water quality and contamination of heavy metals in bed sediment caused by mining of mineral resources or geochemical background values in the Mekong is not transmitted from the Upper to the Lower Mekong because of the reservoir sedimentation and dilution along the river.     

Diagenetic magnetization of the Caerfai Bay Shales (Cambrian), South Wales

Summary. The Lower Cambrian Caerfai Bay Shales in Dyfed, South Wales, are marine red beds which have been reddened by the diagenetic alteration of volcanic detritus. The pole position of their dominant component of magnetization coincides with those from Lower Ordovician igneous rocks in Great Britain. There is also a subordinate antiparallel component, and some indication of magnetization spanning the folding of the strata, implying a relatively slow acquisition of CRM in a predominantly reversed field. This is consistent with our observation that the magnetization of these marine beds is carried by authigenic haematite.     

Coal resources,production, and quality in the Eastern kentucky coal field: Perspectives on the future of steam coal production

The Eastern Kentucky coal field, along with adjacent portions of Virginia and southern West Virginia, is part of the greatest production concentration of high-heating-value, low-sulfur coal in the United States, accounting for over 27% of the 1993 U.S. production of coal of all ranks. Eastern Kentucky's production is spread among many coal beds but is particularly concentrated in a limited number of highquality coals, notably the Pond Creek coal bed and its correlatives, and the Fire Clay coal bed and its correlatives. Both coals are relatively low ash and low sulfur through the areas of the heaviest concentration of mining activity. We discuss production trends, resources, and the quality of in-place and clean coal for those and other major coals in the region.     

Palaeomagnetism of the Lower Ordovician Orthoceras Limestone, St. Petersburg, and a revised drift history for Baltica in the early Palaeozoic

Palaeomagnetic investigation of Lower Ordovician limestone in the vicinity of St. Petersburg yields a pole position at latitude 34.7°N, longitude 59.1°E ( dp / dm =5.7°/6.4°). A probable primary remanence origin is supported by the presence of a field reversal. The limestone carries one other remanent magnetization component associated with a Mesozoic remagnetization event.
An apparent polar wander path is compiled for Baltica including the new result, ranging in age from Vendian to Cretaceous. Ages of the published Lower to mid-Palaeozoic palaeomagnetic pole positions are adjusted in accordance with the timescale of Tucker & McKerrow (1995). The new Arenig result is the oldest of a series of Ordovician and Silurian palaeomagnetic pole positions from limestones in the Baltic region. There are no data to constrain apparent polar wander for the Tremadoc, Cambrian and latest Vendian. If the Fen Complex results, previously taken to be Vendian in age ( c . 565 Ma), are reinterpreted as Permian remagnetizations, an Early Ordovician–Cambrian–Vendian cusp in the polar wander path for Baltica is eliminated. The apparent polar wander curve might then traverse directly from poles for Vendian dykes on the Kola peninsula ( c . 580 Ma) towards our new Arenig pole ( c . 480 Ma). The consequence of this change in terms of the motion of Baltica in Cambrian times is to reduce significantly a rotational component of movement.
The new Arenig pole extends knowledge of Ordovician apparent polar wander an increment back in time and confirms the palaeolatitude and orientation of Baltica in some published palaeogeographies. Exclusion of the Fen Complex result places Baltica in mid- to high southerly latitudes at the dawn of the Palaeozoic, consistent with faunal and sedimentological evidence but at variance with some earlier palaeomagnetic reconstructions.     

Magnetostratigraphy,age and depositional environment of the Lobo Formation,southwest New Mexico: implications for the Laramide orogeny in the southern Rocky Mountains

The Lobo Formation of southwestern New Mexico consists of spatially variable continental successions attributed to the Laramide orogeny (80–40 Myr), although its age and provenance are virtually undocumented. This study combines sedimentological, magnetostratigraphical and geochronological data to infer the timing and origin of the Lobo Formation. Measured sections of Lobo strata at two locations, Capitol Dome in the Florida Mountains and in the Victorio Mountains, indicate significant differences in depositional environments and sediment provenance. At Capitol Dome, where Lobo strata were deposited above a syncline developed in Palaeozoic strata, deposition took place in fluvial, palustrine and marginal lacustrine settings, with alluvial‐fan deposits only at the top of the formation. Combined magnetostratigraphy and a young U–Pb detrital zircon age suggest deposition of the section at Capitol Dome from ~60 to 52 Ma. The Lobo Formation in the Victorio Mountains was deposited in alluvial‐fan and fluvial settings; the age of deposition is poorly bracketed between 66 ± 2 Ma, the weighted‐mean age of two young zircons, and middle Eocene (~40 Ma), the approximate age of overlying volcanic rocks. U–Pb zircon ages from sandstones at the Victorio and Capitol Dome localities indicate that different source rocks provided sediment to the Lobo Formation. Local Proterozoic basement (~1.47–1.45 Ga) dominated the source of the Lobo Formation in the Victorio Mountains, consistent with abundant granitic clasts that are present in the proximal facies there; a diverse range of grain ages suggest that recycled Lower Cretaceous strata provided the dominant source for Lobo Formation sediment at the Capitol Dome locality. The U–Pb data suggest that the depositional systems at the two sites were not connected. Contrasts in depositional setting and detrital zircon provenance indicate that the Palaeogene Lobo Formation in southwest New Mexico was deposited in an assemblage of local depositional settings, possibly in separate structural basins, as a consequence of Laramide tectonics in the region.