融合遥感影像光谱和纹理特征的矿区林地信息变化监测

以某超贫钒钛磁铁矿为例,基于Landsat TM/OLI数据,首先利用相关性分析和单因素方差分析法(one-way ANOVA),结合林地与其他地物的光谱、纹理特征差异,筛选了提取林地信息的最佳光谱和纹理波段;其次,融合光谱纹理特征,利用支持向量机法获取了林地的空间分布信息。结果表明,基于OLI数据光谱和纹理特征的林地提取精度达85.51%,较基于单一光谱特征的提取精度提高5.0%,且基于OLI数据的提取精度整体优于TM数据。统计显示,2015年矿区林地覆盖面积为103.26km2,较2001年减少14.21km2,超贫钒钛磁铁矿采区和尾矿库的迅速扩展是造成林地覆盖减少的主要原因。该文为获取矿区林地空间分布信息提供了一种新的方法与思路,为矿区林业资源监测提供了技术支持。     

MODIS在三江平原湿地分布研究中的应用

湿地研究的关键在于定量化获取和分析湿地信息,特别是湿地分布信息。以三江平原为例,结合湿地的光谱特征和时相特征,利用多时相MODIS数据,采用MNF(最小噪音分离变化)技术和非监督分类获取了研究区湿地分布,其精度达79%。研究表明,利用MODIS数据可以有效提取湿地分布。     

基于影象融合的干旱区城镇居民地信息提取研究

针对TM多波段图象中城镇居民地与裸地光谱特征相似难以准确提取城镇居民地信息的问题,利用雷达图象对居民地信息的敏感性,采用HIS变换方法,融合了2003年西安地区的Landsat TM和Radarsat SAR影象,并对融合影象做二类监督分类提取出城镇居民地信息,结果显示与TM图象监督分类相比,融合后的图象能很好地消除裸地对城镇居民地提取影响,其精度可达到84.21%,大大高于由TM多光谱影象监督分类所得到的精度71.79%,为提取干旱区城镇居民地信息提供一种新方法。     

基于地面高光谱数据的典型作物类型识别方法——以青海省湟水流域为例

高光谱技术运用于农作物识别与分类目前已成为农业遥感应用领域前沿课题之一。使用ASD FieldSpec4地物光谱仪实测青海省湟水流域大豆、青稞、土豆、小麦和油菜5种典型作物冠层光谱,经数据预处理,利用1/R、d(R)、N(R)、log(R)、d(log(R))、d(N(R))6种光谱数据变换形式和在"绿峰"、"红谷"、"红边"、"光谱吸收特征区"提取的16种光谱特征变量的6种选取结果,分别构建基于BP神经网络的典型作物类型识别模型,通过模型精度比较以寻求用于高光谱农作物分类的有效光谱数据形式和光谱特征变量。结果表明:1/R、d(R)、log(R)、d(log(R))及d(N(R))5种数据变换形式能显著提高模型识别精度,以d(N(R))变换数据构建BPNN模型其辨识精度最高,总体分类精度达88%;在提取的16种光谱特征变量中,以变量数分别为16、14、12的3种选取方案构建BPNN模型其辨识精度较优,总体分类精度分别为88%、86%、84%;BPNN模型能较好地识别5种作物光谱,且采用选取光谱特征变量方法构建BPNN模型其网络训练效率和模型稳定性优于光谱数据变换方法构建BPNN模型。     

基于特征优选的随机森林模型的黄河口滨海湿地信息提取研究

以2016年8月26日Landsat-8 OLI影像为数据源,针对特征变量数目可影响分类精度和运算速率问题,采用一种基于特征优选的随机森林模型,提取了黄河口滨海湿地高精度信息。首先,采用Relief(relevant features)-F算法,对全部特征变量进行权重排序,剔除不相关变量;然后,分别采用基于特征优选的随机森林模型、最大似然方法和神经网络分类算法,提取黄河口滨海湿地信息,比较基于特征优选的随机森林模型与其它两种分类方法在滨海湿地信息提取应用中的精度和效率。研究结果表明,基于特征优选的随机森林模型滨海湿地分类效果最佳,总精度为86.39%,Kappa系数为0.81,明显高于最大似然和神经网络分类方法;其中,河流湿地分类精度最高,为95.83%,盐田分类精度最低,主要原因在于盐田与养殖池、水库/坑塘的光谱和几何特征极为相似,易于混淆;但与最大似然分类和神经网络分类方法相比,该方法提取效果明显改善,分类精度分别提高了16.84%和4.44%。本研究结果证明,采用Relief-F算法特征优选的随机森林模型提取滨海湿地信息的方法,具有分类精度高、运算速率快的优势,适用于滨海地区不同类型湿地高精度信息提取。     

基于高分辨率遥感图像的树冠面积提取方法

树冠面积调查是城市绿化调查中的一个主要内容。随着遥感技术的发展,如何利用高分辨率遥感图像快速、准确地提取树冠面积信息已成为城市绿化遥感研究的问题。该文提出一种基于射线法的半自动树冠面积提取算法,通过设定树冠中心点位置,引出若干条光谱射线,进行高次曲线拟合,求其拐点作为树冠边界点,从而得到树冠的面积信息。实验表明,对于重叠较少的树冠面积提取精度为87.82%,重叠较多的树冠面积提取精度为84.91%。     

西藏灌木林遥感分类方法对比研究

以西藏主要类型灌木林为对象,开展外业遥感调查,分别应用非监督分类、监督分类、基于空间分布特征的辅助分类和基于光谱特征再分类4种方法,对灌木林类型进行了遥感分类识别,并对各种分类方法所得到的分类结果进行对比评价.研究表明,非监督分类和监督分类的总体精度分别为42.20%和46.79%,除了对沙棘灌木林分类精度较高外,对其他灌木林类型分类精度均较低;基于空间分布特征的辅助分类精度为86.24%,其分类结果未能识别到具体灌木林类型;基于光谱特征的再分类精度为70.64%,对沙棘、红柳能较准确的识别,而对个别灌木林类型(如杜鹃和小檗)的识别精度不高.     

数据融合方法在道路提取中的应用研究

以SAR与SPOT多光谱影像为数据源,通过几何校正、辐射定标、降噪等数据预处理,选取PCA(Principal Component Analysis)、BT( Brovey Transform)、WT( Wavelet Transform)和HPF( High-Pass Filtering)4种方法进行融合实验,并对融合后数据以及原SPOT多光谱数据进行道路提取研究.结果表明:基于PCA和HPF方法所提取的道路特征明显,纹理清晰,错分和漏分现象不明显,道路信息效果较好;WT方法提取效果次之;BT道路提取效果相对较差;4种方法经融合后数据提取道路精度均高于原始SPOT多光谱数据,最优方法提取道路精度错分率较SPOT多光谱高达29.4％,道路提取精度相对较差的BT方法较SPOT多光谱错分率高出18％.     

一种基于遥感数据快速提取居民地信息的新方法

基于Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像的谱间关系,利用居民地与背景地物光谱值在波段3、波段4、波段5的差异,提出了一种新的建筑指数(New Built-up Index,NBI),并利用该指数提取居民地信息.选用常州市为研究区,以2007年Landsat TM影像为数据源,居民地提取精度达90%;进一步在多丘陵地区桐庐县进行验证,融入植被指数,居民地提取精度达91%.     

基于高分二号的云南松林遥感影像提取方法研究

基于高空间分辨率的高分二号遥感影像,建立包含影像光谱特征、几何特征、纹理特征在内的分类特征集,使用面向对象的分类算法提取研究区的云南松林。研究表明:光谱特征、几何特征和纹理特征同时参与分类,得到的分类效果比单独使用一种特征或两种特征组合的分类效果更显著;与贝叶斯分类算法、K最邻近分类算法、支持向量机分类算法相比,随机森林算法的分类结果总体精度最高,为93.35%,对研究区云南松林提取的生产者精度为96.91%,用户精度为92.35%;云南松林面积占研究区面积的40.10%,是研究区最为重要的树种。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

Assessment of GIAHS in Shizuoka: The Traditional Tea-grass Integrated System

<正>1 Introduction In 2013,Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture.Shizuoka prefecture occupies a variety of elevations,from 0 to 3000m or more above sea level.Because of the diversity of land features and climates,this area produces 167 agricultural commodities.In addition,a lot of traditional agriculture and over200 local native varieties of crops have been conserved in Shizuoka     

ERAHS: A New Platform for the Exchange of Regional Information and Experience on Agricultural Heritage Systems

<正>There are more than 10000 years of agricultural development history in the world that has provided very fruitful and ingenious traditional knowledge and experiences reflecting the evolution of humanity and the nature.In2002,the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)initiated an international partnership initiative of"Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Journal of Resources and Ecology Total Contents of Volume 5, 2014

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BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .