县域畜禽养殖场空间布局规划适宜性评价

为更好地进行城郊畜禽养殖场的空间布局规划,利用德尔菲法和层次分析法确定了城郊畜禽养殖场空间布局规划适宜性评价影响因子及权重,并在此基础上构建了县域畜禽养殖场空间布局规划适宜性综合评价指标体系,最后以北京市大兴区为例实现了以地块为单元的县域畜禽养殖场空间布局规划适宜性评价。研究表明:大兴区大部分区域属于禁养区和不适宜区,但有占总面积的34%的土地适宜发展畜禽养殖场,且适宜区域充分考虑了畜禽养殖场对环境污染影响,符合北京市都市型现代农业的发展需求。     

永安市低丘缓坡林地的建设用地适宜性评价研究

本研究以福建省永安市为例,通过建立永安市低丘缓坡林地资源建设用地适宜性评价体系,进行建设用地适宜性评价,得到永安市低丘缓坡林地资源建设用地适宜性等级图,结果表明:永安市最适宜开发建设用地的低丘缓坡林地主要分布在中部偏北地区,基本适宜开发建设用地的土地面积占的比重最大;不适宜开发区域所占比重最小。在土地开发建设过程中要综合考虑自然环境、社会条件等各方面的因素,科学合理的开发利用土地。     

应用层次分析法对某垃圾填埋场规划选址进行分析

运用层次分析法,综合考虑地质环境条件、环境保护条件、交通运输条件、建场条件及社会影响条件五大影响因素,对广东省某市垃圾填埋场规划选址进行适宜性评价分析,最终得出研究区为不适宜建设场区,对该市垃圾填埋场选址具有一定的指导意义。     

基于生态位理论的多模型秦岭山区建设用地适宜性评价——以商洛市商州区为例

借助生态位理论,利用地形条件、生产条件、生活条件以及生态条件等17个适宜性评价因子构建秦岭局部山区建设用地适宜性评价指标体系,采用广义相加模型(GAM)、人工神经元网络(ANN)、随机森林模型(RF)以及最大熵模型(MaxEnt),分别对商洛市商州区建设用地适宜性进行评价,最后以AUC值(ROC曲线下面积)为权重集成4个模型的模拟结果,定量评价商州区建设用地适宜性。结果表明:商州区最适宜建设用地面积为118.32km2,占研究区总面积的2.47%,说明该区适宜建设用地开发的土地相对较少;低适宜建设用地面积为297.73km2,占研究区总面积的7.26%,可以适度进行开发。生态位模型为秦岭山区建设用地适宜性评价提供了新的方法与途径,也可为当前区域建设用地优化布局提供理论基础。     

大运河遗产河道游憩利用适宜性评价

在充分考虑国家文化公园建设等新要求的前提下，采用层次分析法，构建包含4个准则层、10个因子层、22个指标层的评价指标体系，对大运河27段遗产河道的游憩利用适宜性进行评价。研究显示：① 从评价结果来看：大运河27段运河遗产河道的游憩利用适宜性排名情况比较客观，所构建的指标体系对于评价大运河遗产河道的游憩利用适宜性较为可信，对于评价大型线性文化遗产的游憩利用适宜性同样具有借鉴意义。② 从游憩利用适宜度来看：11段游憩利用适宜度较高的遗产河道全部位于京杭大运河和浙东运河沿线的通水、通航河段。4段游憩利用适宜度低的河道均处于大运河已断流区域。浙江、江苏、天津、北京、河北等5省市境内的遗产河道游憩利用适宜性要优于安徽、河南、山东等3省境内的河道。③ 从影响游憩利用适宜性的各准则层来看：游憩利用适宜度高的遗产河道，其生态环境本底质量普遍较高。游憩利用适宜度低的遗产河道，其经济社会条件和旅游发展基础2个指标层的表现也普遍偏低。依托大型线性文化遗产建设国家文化公园，要在对其不同区段游憩利用适宜性开展评价的基础上，构建科学合理的游憩利用模式。     

基于ArcGIS矢量分析的地埋管地源热泵适宜性分区——以兰州新区为例

本文以兰州新区为研究对象,结合ArcGIS矢量分析方法对研究区地埋管地源热泵适宜性分区,本次将地质及水文地质、地层属性和热物性等3大类条件作为影响地埋管地源热泵系统建设的主要因素。根据地埋管地源热泵适宜性指数计算结果,区内适宜性指数均大于5,说明区内全部适宜或较适宜于地埋管地源热泵系统的建设,因此,除盆地两侧地质环境条件差区之外,其余地段均可利用地埋管地源热泵系统换热。评价结果为兰州新区浅层地温能的综合利用和开发提供资源依据。     

面向空间规划的土地适宜性评价——以汨罗市为例

为满足空间规划的需求,从自然地理条件、生态环境、制度政策3个要素方面构建了建设用地、耕地适宜性评价的禁止性指标和限制性指标。禁止性指标对建设用地、耕地适宜性"一票否决",限制性指标以分值(0～100,分数越高,表示越适宜)和权重对适宜性进行限制。以湖南省汨罗市为例进行了实证研究,结果显示汨罗市适宜进行建设开发的土地面积占汨罗市总面积的20. 8%,适宜进行耕作的土地面积占汨罗市总面积的42. 67%。适宜建设开发的土地极限剩余潜力为13 327. 28 hm~2,可供耕地开发的储备土地资源为1 060. 44 hm~2。     

不同补水条件下黄河三角洲湿地恢复情景模拟

针对黄河三角洲湿地退化现状,设计了三种湿地修复水量预案。利用水文模型SOBEK和地下水模型Visual Modflow对不同补水预案下湿地水文过程进行模拟,将水文模拟结果与湿地立地条件、植被条件在景观决策支持模型LEDESS框架下进行集成,对三种补水预案下湿地修复情景进行模拟和评价。研究表明,对黄河三角洲湿地的恢复,根据区域湿地条件差异,其恢复目标及所需要的适宜水量也有所不同。一千二管理区宜采用最大引水预案,提高涉禽鸟类的生境适宜性;黄河口管理区宜采用最小水量预案,同时应降低生境干扰以改善栖息地质量;对于大汶流管理区,中等水量对于涉禽类和游禽类的生境都有较大改善。本研究将水文过程与景观过程进行集成,利用情景模拟方法,为湿地恢复决策提供一种新的尝试。     

山地休闲度假旅游适宜度评价体系构建与实证研究——以伊犁地区为例

山地休闲度假旅游在我国旅游业发展过程中具有重要地位,山地不仅适宜观光、休闲、度假和疗养,还便于开展丰富的休闲类运动和娱乐项目。通过采用特尔菲法和层次分析法,从气候舒适度、度假旅游资源、度假环境条件和区域发展条件4个方面构建山地休闲度假旅游适宜性评价体系,并以伊犁地区为案例进行实证研究,结论如下:(1)准则层的4项指标按照权重从大到小排序为气候适宜度、度假环境条件、度假资源条件和区域发展条件。(2)伊犁地区休闲度假旅游适宜度得分为4.016 6,属于"非常适宜"级别。研究揭示了影响山地休闲度假旅游适宜性的因素及相应的权重,研究结论不仅为山地休闲度假旅游适宜性评价提供新的方法与思路,也为山地休闲度假旅游开发提供了重要的参考依据。     

乡村振兴背景下景洪市农村居民点用地适宜性评价

为促进城乡区域统筹发展,合理进行民族地区的新农村建设,以横断山系纵谷区景洪市为例,依据频度统计法和区域特点选取评价指标,采用层次分析法确定各指标权重,利用Arc GIS 10.7对农村居民点用地进行适宜性评价。结果表明:(1)居民点用地适宜性分为非常适宜、比较适宜、基本适宜和不适宜4个等级,依次占居民点总面积的6.14%、32.23%、32.69%、28.93%,适宜性等级以比较适宜和基本适宜为主;(2)适宜度高的农村居民点分布集中,集聚作用强,主要集中于坝区和附近的区域;适宜度低的农村居民点分布零散,聚聚条件差,耕地指向性明显。研究结果为居民点用地合理利用和布局优化提供一定依据。     

北京市养老设施空间可达性评价

发展养老服务是当前中国社会建设中的重要部分。近年来,北京市养老设施发展迅速,但是由于快速的人口老龄化,北京市养老设施的供给仍难以满足老年人口对养老设施的需求。对北京市养老设施空间可达性进行科学评价是进行合理空间配置的基础,具有重要的现实意义。本文基于GIS技术,应用改进的两步移动搜索法,对北京市养老设施的空间可达性进行了测算,并重点对1小时单一有效服务半径和按养老设施规模划分的三级有效服务半径这两种情形进行了比较分析。结果表明,后者对北京市养老设施的空间可达性评价更具合理性。本文对空间可达性的测算结果识别出了北京市各区域养老设施的稀缺程度,为养老设施的空间布局提出了政策性建议。     

Spatial Patterns of Hazardous Waste Generation and Management in the United States

Hazardous waste is generated in the production of almost all consumer goods, especially those that contain plastic. The United States is the world leader in generating hazardous waste with 214 million tons produced in 1995. The majority of this waste was wastewater generated by the fifty largest generating facilities, disproportionately concentrated along the western Gulf Coast. The largest facilities also treat most of their waste on site, particularly wastewater. Most smaller generators send waste an average of 200 miles for treatment or disposal. Among both citizens and state governments there is resistance to local siting of waste facilties. Local resistance has convinced businesses or government agencies to look elsewhere to site a proposed facility. State efforts to directly control the flow of hazardous waste have not been successful due to court challenges from industry and subsequent decisions that state restrictions violate the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution. Taxes on both in‐state and out‐of‐state waste have proven effective at reducing in‐state waste disposal.     

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Suitability of Agricultural Land in Myanmar

Myanmar is a country with an economy based on agriculture. It has rich agricultural resources and great potential for development. The development of agriculture in Myanmar is becoming increasingly important to international food security. Assessments of agricultural land resources in Myanmar are the basis for the country’s agricultural development and for food security evaluations. In this paper we used the MaxEnt model to analyze the relationship between the suitability of land for agricultural reclamation and the main environmental variables in Myanmar, and then constructed a model to comprehensively evaluate the suitability of land for agriculture in Myanmar. The results show that: 1) the overall accuracy of the MaxEnt model is high (AUC>0.8), which means there is a high correlation between the database of selected environmental indicators and the true distribution of cultivated land in Myanmar. 2) Soil depth is the most important factor affecting the suitability of land for agriculture in Myanmar. When the thickness of soil layer is less than 100 cm, the suitability of land for agriculture is low. With respect to topographic conditions, slope is the main factor affecting suitability. When the slope is greater than 20 degrees, the suitability of land for agriculture is low. With respect to climate conditions, precipitation is the main influencing factor. There is a positive correlation between river network density and land suitability. 3) Currently, 400 000 km² of the land resources in Myanmar are suitable for agriculture, and of this amount 290 000 km² are highly suitable, accounting for nearly 40% of the country's land area. The highly suitable land is distributed mainly in Magway, Sagaing, Ayeyarwady and Yangon provinces. The provinces are also important grain production areas in Myanmar, and this serves to validate the effectiveness of the method used in this paper.     

北京城市居住和就业空间类型区分析

基于2010年北京市工商企业登记数据和第六次人口普查数据,从分行业视角对北京市城区职住空间结构及其类型区特征进行详细实证分析。研究表明：北京市就业空间结构和居住空间结构均有3个主成分因子构成,其中就业空间结构包括综合服务业、流通地产服务业与二产、高科技产业等主因子,居住空间结构则由一般服务业、流通生活服务业与二产、科技和教育产业等主因子构成,且不同城市就业与居住空间主因子的空间关联强度存在差异。采用GIS分组分析方法可将北京城市居住和就业空间划分为5种类型区,即流通生活服务业与二产居住集中区、流通生活服务业与二产职住综合区、一般服务业职住综合区、职弱住强型科教优势区和职强住弱型科教优势区。分析发现,北京城市居住和就业空间结构形成主要受到历史力、市场力、政府力和个体力等因素共同作用。     

中国省级间农产品虚拟水流动适宜性评价

尝试从农业生产安全系统、支持系统和水资源安全系统人手,共选取18个指标,构建我国国内农产品虚拟水流动适宜性评价指标体系.运用层次分析法和投影寻踪等方法对我国31个省级行政区农产品虚拟水流动适宜性程度进行定量评价.结果表明:吉林、黑龙江、湖南、上海、北京等地农产品虚拟水流动适宜性程度最高,而宁夏、西藏的适宜性程度最低.对...     

Regional suitability for settling rural migrants in urban China

Despite rapid urbanization, more than 200 million people living in urban areas are still registered as ＇agricultural＇ and are ineligible for most social benefits under China＇s Hukou （or household registration） system. This paper identifies the regional suitability for settling rural migrants in urban China based on three indicators （the degree of urgency, the skills and ability of the resettled community to adapt, and the ability of the government to support that resettlement）. It takes 2008 government socioeconomic data from a county level into con- sideration. Spatial, statistical, and decision tree analyses, supported by SPSS, Geodata, and ArcGIS software, show that there are five separate population types, each with different de- grees of suitability. These include highly suitable region, region suitable for settling migrants to outside regions, region suitable for settling migrants from outside regions, region with moderate potential, and unsuitable region. This paper suggests that regional policies for set- tling rural migrants are meaningful, since the five regions are distributed relatively separately. Due to the suitability for different bodies across regions, equal treatment should be applied to both the native migrants and that across counties and provinces. Furthermore, demolishment of the social welfare discrimination adhered to Hukou system and equalization of basic public services will be of more practical significance than the so-called settling rural migrants ac- tively and steadily.     

北京城市湿地时空演变及驱动力定量分析(英文)

The decision tree and the threshold methods have been adopted to delineate boundaries and features of water bodies from LANDSAT images. After a spatial overlay analysis and using a remote sensing technique and the wetland inventory data in Beijing, the water bodies were visually classified into different types of urban wetlands, and data on the urban wetlands of Beijing in 1986, 1991, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2007 were obtained. Thirteen driving factors that affect wetland change were selected, and gray correlation analysis was employed to calculate the correlation between each driving factor and the total area of urban wetlands. Then, six major driving factors were selected based on the correlation coefficient, and the contribution rates of these six driving factors to the area change of various urban wetlands were calculated based on canonical correlation analysis. After that, this research analyzed the relationship and mechanism between the main driving factors and various types of wetlands. Five conclusions can be drawn. (1) The total area of surface water bodies in Beijing increased from 1986 to 1996, and gradually decreased from 1996 to 2007. (2) The areas of the river wetlands, water storage areas and pool and culture areas gradually decreased, and its variation tendency is consistent with that of the total area of wetlands. The area of the mining water areas and wastewater treatment plants slightly increased. (3) The six factors of driving forces are the annual rainfall, the evaporation, the quantity of inflow water, the volume of groundwater available, the urbanization rate and the daily average discharge of wastewater are the main factors affecting changes in the wetland areas, and they correlate well with the total area of wetlands. (4) The hydrologic indicators of water resources such as the quantity of inflow water and the volume of groundwater are the most important and direct driving forces that affect the change of the wetland area. These factors have a combined contribution rate of 43.94%. (5) Climate factors such as rainfall and evaporation are external factors that affect the changes in wetland area, and they have a contribution rate of 36.54%. (6) Human activities such as the urbanization rate and the daily average quantity of waste-water are major artificial driving factors. They have an influence rate of 19.52%.     

水资源经济政策CGE 模型及在北京市的应用

水资源经济政策的研究对于解决突出的水问题具有重要意义,本文采用2002 年北京市投入产出表和有关 的水资源公报等数据,通过单列水行业和废污水行业建立了基于一般均衡理论的水资源经济CGE(Computable General Equilibrium)模型和相应的42×53 多部门水资源投入产出表,利用GEMPACK 软件包,对北京市水资源经济 政策进行了模拟和分析。模拟显示,当水价增加10%时,行业产出和销售量变化呈现不同的特点和变动趋势;当水 量增加10%时,造成行业产出的变化和销售量的变动也值得深虑。该成果可为制定和实施水资源政策提供决策参 考及模拟平台。     

北京市公共服务设施集聚中心识别分析

公共服务设施集聚中心不仅是多样化公共服务设施分布的集中区,也是公共服务设施消费的热点区和城市活力的窗口区。已有城市多中心研究主要关注就业和人口多中心,却较少关注公共服务设施多中心特征。基于北京市公共服务设施空间点要素数据,结合不同类型和等级公共服务设施的服务半径与质量特征,采用加权核密度与等值线分析等方法对北京市公共服务设施集聚中心进行了识别。研究发现：不同类型公共服务设施热点区分布的空间模式有所差异,但均存在一定程度的中心边缘结构;公共服务设施集聚强度和混合度分别呈现出“一心五片”与“一核多点”的空间特征;根据公共服务设施集聚强度和混合度的等值线分布综合判定,研究区范围共识别出136个公共服务设施集聚中心,其集聚强度与距市中心距离呈现出U型变化规律,与所在街道的人口密度存在指数分布规律;多元回归模型验证,最近公共服务设施集聚中心距离对北京城市居民公共服务设施满意度具有显著的负向影响,且其相对影响强度超过“市中心距离”区位变量;北京市公共服务设施集聚中心的形成机制包括自然历史因素的基础作用、经济发展因素的主导作用、社会需求因素的调节作用和规划政策因素的引导作用。研究认为应加强北京城市公共服务设施集聚中心的空间均衡化建设,适度增加城市边缘郊区公共服务设施集聚中心的数量和服务能级,有助于引导和疏解非首都功能产业和人口向城市郊区转移。     

基于距离的北京制造业空间集聚

运用改进的基于距离的产业地理集中度测度方法M'函数,利用2001北京市第二次基本单位普查资料和2002北京市130部门投入产出表,研究了北京市25个制造业行业的空间分布结构,以及14组投入产出关系较为密切行业间的空间临近分布状态。发现25个制造业行业在不同的距离范围内呈不同程度的集中分布,随着距离的增加,集中度基本呈下降的趋势。各行业的空间集中程度差别较大,原料指向和劳动力指向型行业空间分布的集中程度高,资金和技术密集型行业空间分布的集中程度相对较低。定量分析表明,比较优势和产业联系是影响北京制造业空间集聚的主要因素,促进北京制造业行业地理集中;产品市场竞争、外商投资和技术外溢推动产业布局趋向分散。行业间空间临近分布的集中度低,多数行业间表现为分散分布。相对而言,劳动密集型或原料型制造业行业间空间临近分布的集中度较高;资金或技术密集型行业与其他行业间空间临近分布多为分散状态。进一步研究表明,投入产出对行业间空间临近分布具有较强的解释力。