天山北麓流域面积高度积分特征及其构造意义

提取了天山北麓河流水系流域的常规地貌计量指标（盆地大小、面积和高差）以及面积高度积分,通过对流域面积高度积分曲线形态特征、面积高度积分值的分析,结合区域地质构造活动,探讨了面积高度积分对板内再生造山带新构造活动的指示意义以及天山北麓流域的地貌发育过程。研究表明,北天山流域的次集水盆地面积高度积分与次集水盆地的面积和高差都没有相关性,堆积作用和轻微构造抬升作用都会影响冲积扇区次集水盆地,使其面积高度积分值偏高。河流面积高度积分曲线形态和面积高度积分值在空间分布上的差异,反映了天山北麓3排逆断裂褶皱带的不同的构造活动特征。面积高度积分曲线的循环形态特征,揭示了强烈构造运动与河流剥蚀作用影响面积高度曲线形态发育的动态演绎过程。     

浙东曹娥江上游构造地貌初探

水系的发育及其分布组合直接影响着干流水情动态,并在很大程度上控制着流域的地貌发育。在构造活动区,水系常沿构造带发育,形成独特的水系特征和河谷形态。研究水系发育和河谷成因以及河谷地貌特征,可为水能利用和河道整治提供科学资料和依据。曹娥江流域主要位于浙东绍兴地区,处于四明山、天台山与会嵇山之间,形成一个完整的流域盆地。     

祁连山、贺兰山与吕梁山山前冲积扇上的农地对比

不同地区冲积扇上农地发育特征的对比可以揭示环境条件与农地发育的关系。本文以Lansat卫星ETM+遥感影像、DEM和野外考察资料为基础,研究了祁连山、贺兰山与吕梁山三个地区山前冲积扇的地貌特征和扇上农地的发育特征,探讨了影响冲积扇上农地发育的因素。结果表明,吕梁山地区扇上农地比例最高,自扇顶到扇缘均有农地发育,其次为祁连山地区,农地主要发育在一些被黄土覆盖的冲积扇的老扇面上,贺兰山地区冲积扇上农地比例最低,农地多分布在扇缘区域;物质组成是影响冲积扇上农地发育的直接因素;相关性分析表明,祁连山和吕梁山地区冲积扇上的农地发育受黄土沉积过程影响显著,而贺兰山前冲积扇上农地发育更多地受冲积扇地貌过程的影响。     

国内外红层分布及其地貌发育的对比研究

为了解全球红层的时空分布规律及其地貌发育的差异,对国内外红层的分布、形成年代、地质构造背景、古地理环境、岩性和地貌特征等进行了对比研究。结果表明：国内红层主要分布于东南、西南、西北等地区,形成年代主要为中生代,尤以白垩纪为主,构造环境主要为古陆块活化时形成的断陷/拗陷盆地;沉积环境几乎全部为陆相,形成于干旱或半干旱古气候条件;岩性复杂,兼具砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩,发育了丹霞地貌、红层高原、红层山地和红层丘陵等多种地貌类型。国外红层的形成年代跨度很大,从前寒武纪到新近纪均有发育,呈现出从老陆块向新陆块扩展的趋势;构造环境分为山前/山间拗陷堆积、地台拗陷堆积、裂谷盆地堆积和弧后盆地堆积;沉积环境以陆相为主,兼具滨-浅海相和海陆过渡相,也形成于干旱、半干旱气候;岩性以砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩为主,砾岩较少;发育的地貌类型相对单一。     

祁连山东段庄浪河流域地貌特征及其构造指示意义

晚新生代以来,青藏高原北东向扩展,致使祁连山地区遭受了强烈的构造隆升,造就了祁连山地区复杂的构造格局和急剧变化的构造地貌,其典型水系流域地貌特征揭示了该地区的新构造活动和地貌演化过程。庄浪河流域位于祁连山东段,作为青藏高原北东向扩展的前缘地区,庄浪河流域的地貌参数对构造活动非常敏感,提取庄浪河流域的地貌信息,有助于揭示祁连山东段庄浪河流域地貌对构造活动的响应,及系统探讨该区地貌发育特征及其所蕴含的构造意义。庄浪河流域内及边缘发育有庄浪河断裂、天祝盆地南缘断裂、疙瘩沟隐伏断裂以及金强河-毛毛山-老虎山断裂。晚新生代以来,这些断裂仍在活动,并且控制着流域内的构造变形、山体隆升和河流水系地貌发育。本研究采用ALOS DEM 12.5 m数据,基于ArcGIS空间分析技术,通过高程条带剖面、河流坡降指标体系（K,SL,SL/K）和Hack剖面、面积-高程积分值（HI）和积分曲线（HC）等方法,对庄浪河流域地貌特征进行了初步分析。结果表明,庄浪河地区地形起伏由北西向南东递减,构造活动存在东西分异的规律;庄浪河流域内部K值、SL、SL/K、HI值西侧高于东侧,Hack剖面西侧相比东侧上凸更明显;H...     

巴江流域演变与路南石林发育耦合分析

本文分析了巴江喀斯特流域的水系、地貌结构特征,通过多次野外调研,探讨了石林的形态及其在巴江流域内的空间分布特征。研究表明石林主要发育在二叠系的栖霞组、茅口组灰岩上,岩性和地层的差异对石林的形状有较大影响;石林的分布在地貌部位上并无明显的选择性,在洼地、斜坡及山顶均可发育,但石林的形态和高度在三种地貌部位间有明显的变化规律;以路南群为中心,往北、东方向距路南群越远,石林的高度有逐渐减小的趋势,同时石柱间的距离也越来越大,由簇状石林向分离程度很好的单个石柱变化;天生桥为一地貌裂点,石林的形态和分布特征在其上、下也表现出明显的差异。同时,根据石林发育的“三元剥蚀”机制,结合路南地区的水文、地质、地貌演化史,作者进一步分析了路南石林发育和巴江流域演变之间的内在联系,并把路南石林的发育划分为三个时期,即路南古湖期、石林遍生期和流域回春期。作者认为,石林的出现和大范围分布并非偶然,而是巴江流域演变到一定阶段的产物。     

贵州高原北部河流阶地发育与喀斯特地貌演化

贵州高原北部发育平缓丘丛和深切峰丛2种喀斯特地貌组合,保存于喀斯特山间盆地的河流阶地对区域地貌演化具有指示意义。本文根据阶地发育特征和光释光（OSL）测年,分析阶地形成的时代和动力,结合区域地质背景,探讨构造抬升和河流侵蚀对黔北喀斯特地貌演化的驱动作用。结果显示,绥阳盆地T1阶地时代18.8~8.2 ka,T2时代144.4~104.1 ka;旺草盆地T1年龄为5.5 ka,T2年龄为45.1 ka。绥阳盆地阶地以漫滩相沉积物为主,旺草盆地阶地则多切割了白云岩基岩。分析认为,气候条件影响了阶地的沉积过程,但差异性构造抬升应为区域河流阶地差异发育的主要因素。阶地测年显示,旺草盆地的河流平均下切速率明显高于绥阳盆地,表明芙蓉江流域构造抬升和河流下切强度明显高于洋川河。在差异性构造抬升和河流侵蚀综合作用下,北部大娄山区形成了深切的喀斯特峰丛-峡谷地貌,南部乌江中游流域则发育以平坦盆地和宽缓丘丛为主的地貌组合。     

山地研究 山地地理

P931.1,P512.22007010214祁连山、贺兰山与吕梁山山前冲积扇上的农地对比=Com-parison between agricultural land on alluvial fans at Qilian mountain,Helan mountain and Luliang mountain regions/李新坡,莫多闻…∥地理研究.—2006,25(6).—985~993Landsat卫星ETM+遥感影像、DEM和野外考察资料为基础,研究了祁连山、贺兰山与吕梁山三个地区山前冲积扇的地貌特征和扇上农地的发育特征,探讨了影响冲积扇上农地发育的因素.结果表明,吕梁山地区扇上农地比例最高,自扇顶到扇缘均有农地发育,其次为祁连山地区,农地主要发育在一些被黄…     

陕北洛河流域地貌演化阶段的定量分析

根据洛河流域地貌南北纵向区域分布规律,并参考张宗祜先生(1986)编制的"中国黄土高原地貌类型图",将洛河流域由南至北依次划分为洛川黄土塬区、甘泉一志丹黄土梁状(为主)丘陵沟壑区及吴起黄土峁状(为主)丘陵沟壑区3个地貌区。借助于GIS的空间分析功能,对洛河流域3种不同地貌绘制了Strahler曲线,采用高程积分法、信息熵法、侵蚀积分值法进行计算。结果表明:3种地貌区均属于壮年期地貌发育数量特征值范围,说明洛河流域总体的发育状态已经开始进入壮年期,但不同地貌分区的发育阶段不尽相同;洛河流域不同地貌的面积-高程积分曲线的S值大小排列顺序为:吴起黄土峁状(为主)丘陵沟壑区< 洛川黄土塬区< 甘泉一志丹黄土梁状(为主)丘陵沟壑区,与理论情况不相符。分析认为,这可能是由于近年来洛川黄土塬区侵蚀强度增加对洛川黄土塬区的地貌发育产生了一定的影响。     

渭河水系流域地貌特征及其成因分析

为了研究渭河水系流域地貌特征及其成因,以SRTM-DEM为基础数据,运用ArcGIS软件平台从DEM数据中提取渭河流域内独立的65个小流域,其中43个位于北岸,22个位于南岸;然后划分盆地等级,计算每个流域单元流域的面积、周长、河流总长、形状指数、平均坡度、相对高差以及高程-面积积分值和水系分支比等。通过对流域地貌参数以及高程-面积积分值和分支比等特征参数的分析,发现渭河南北两侧水系和亚流域的发育具有明显的不对称性。成因分析显示,渭河水系的这种特点虽与气候和岩性有关,但新生代以来自北向南的构造掀斜隆升作用是造成渭河流域南北差异特征地貌的主要原因。这些特征指示了渭河水系南北两侧晚新生代构造活动的差异性,反映了秦岭造山带晚新生代以来发生自北向南的掀斜隆升作用。     

Impact of recycling and lateral sediment input on grain size fining trends—Implications for reconstructing tectonic and climate forcings in ancient sedimentary systems

Grain size trends in basin stratigraphy are thought to preserve a rich record of the climatic and tectonic controls on landscape evolution. Stratigraphic models assume that over geological timescales, the downstream profile of sediment deposition is in dynamic equilibrium with the spatial distribution of tectonic subsidence in the basin, sea level and the flux and calibre of sediment supplied from mountain catchments. Here, we demonstrate that this approach in modelling stratigraphic responses to environmental change is missing a key ingredient: the dynamic geomorphology of the sediment routing system. For three large alluvial fans in the Iglesia basin, Argentine Andes we measured the grain size of modern river sediment from fan apex to toe and characterise the spatial distribution of differential subsidence for each fan by constructing a 3D model of basin stratigraphy from seismic data. We find, using a self‐similar grain size fining model, that the profile of grain size fining on all three fans cannot be reproduced given the subsidence profile measured and for any sediment supply scenario. However, by adapting the self‐similar model, we demonstrate that the grain size trends on each fan can be effectively reproduced when sediment is not only sourced from a single catchment at the apex of the system, but also laterally, from tributary catchments and through fan surface recycling. Without constraint on the dynamic geomorphology of these large alluvial systems, signals of tectonic and climate forcing in grain size data are masked and would be indecipherable in the geological record. This has significant implications for our ability to make sensitive, quantitative reconstructions of external boundary conditions from the sedimentary record.     

Impact of a pre-existing transverse drainage system on active rift stratigraphy: An example from the Corinth Rift,Greece

Models to explain alluvial system development in rift settings commonly depict fans that are sourced directly from catchments formed in newly uplifted footwalls, which leads to the development of steep-sided talus-cone fans in the actively subsiding basin depocentre. The impact of basin evolution on antecedent drainage networks orientated close to perpendicular to a rift axis, and flowing over the developing hangingwall dip slope, remains relatively poorly understood. The aim of this study is to better understand the responses to rift margin uplift and subsequent intrabasinal fault development in determining sedimentation patterns in alluvial deposits of a major antecedent drainage system. Field-acquired data from a coarse-grained alluvial syn-rift succession in the western Gulf of Corinth, Greece (sedimentological logging and mapping) has allowed analysis of the spatial distribution of facies associations, stratigraphic architectural elements and patterns of palaeoflow. During the earliest rifting phase, newly uplifted footwalls redirected a previously established fluvial system with predominantly southward drainage. Footwall uplift on the southern basin margin at an initially relatively slow rate led to the development of an overfilled basin, within which an alluvial fan prograded to the south-west, south and south-east over a hangingwall dip slope. Deposition of the alluvial system sourced from the north coincided with the establishment of small-scale alluvial fans sourced from the newly uplifted footwall in the south. Deposits of non-cohesive debris flows close to the proposed hangingwall fan apex pass gradationally downstream into predominantly bedload conglomerate deposits indicative of sedimentation via hyperconcentrated flows laden with sand- and silt-grade sediment. Subsequent normal faulting in the hangingwall resulted in the establishment of further barriers to stream drainage, blocking flow routes to the south. This culminated in the termination of sediment supply to the basin depocentre from the north, and the onset of underfilled basin conditions as signified by an associated lacustrine transgression. The evolution of the fluvial system described in this study records transitions between three possible end-member types of interaction between active rifting and antecedent drainage systems: (a) erosion through an uplifted footwall, (b) drainage diversion away from an uplifted footwall and (c) deposition over the hangingwall dip slope. The orientation of antecedent drainage pathways at a high angle to the trend of a developing rift axis, replete with intrabasinal faulting, exerts a primary control on the timing and location of development of overfilled and underfilled basin states in evolving depocentres.     

Factors influencing the presence or absence of tributary-junction fans in the Iberian Range, Spain

This paper analyses the factors which influence the presence or absence of tributary-junction fans in the Iberian Range, northern Spain. Two valleys were selected, both characterised by wide variations in lithology, altitude, land use and plant cover. Two groups of factors were studied: those related to the internal characteristics of the drainage basins, which particularly control sediment generation; and those related to the characteristics of the depositional area which control accommodation space and main river power. Among the internal factors, the development of alluvial fans was related to: (i) the capacity of the basin to yield large volumes of sediment, (ii) the occurrence of intense human pressure until recent times, a good indicator of sediment yield, and (iii) the capacity of the basin to quickly increase discharge during rainstorms (discharge density and torrentiality). It is suggested that the areas that were intensively cultivated in the past, and have therefore been affected by intense erosion, have played a decisive role on the development of alluvial fans. This would imply that many of these alluvial fans have a relatively recent origin, perhaps related to the beginning of a widespread deforestation. The basins without alluvial fans are characterised by relatively steep hillslope gradients (that is, slopes that never were subjected to historical cultivation), low drainage densities and dense forest and shrub cover, mostly coinciding with high altitude basins composed of quartzite and shale bedrocks. Regarding the external factors, the shape, size and longitudinal gradient of the main river to which the fans are tributary are the most relevant conditioning factors determining the development of alluvial fans.     

Sediment dispersal and redistributive processes in axial and transverse deep‐time source‐to‐sink systems of marine rift basins: Dampier Sub‐basin,Northwest Shelf,Australia

Morphological scaling relationships between source‐to‐sink segments have been widely explored in modern settings, however, deep‐time systems remain difficult to assess due to limited preservation of drainage basins and difficulty in quantifying complex processes that impact sediment dispersals. Integration of core, well‐logs and 3‐D seismic data across the Dampier Sub‐basin, Northwest Shelf of Australia, enables a complete deep‐time source‐to‐sink study from the footwall (Rankin Platform) catchment to the hanging wall (Kendrew Trough) depositional systems in a Jurassic late syn‐rift succession. Hydrological analysis identifies 24 drainage basins on the J50.0 (Tithonian) erosional surface, which are delimited into six drainage domains confined by NNE‐SSW trending grabens and their horsts, with drainage domain areas ranging between 29 and 156 km². Drainage outlets of these drainage domains are well preserved along the Rankin Fault System scarp, with cross‐sectional areas ranging from 0.08 to 0.31 km². Corresponding to the six drainage domains, sedimentological and geomorphological analysis identifies six transverse submarine fan complexes developing in the Kendrew Trough, ranging in areas from 43 to 193 km². Seismic geomorphological analysis reveals over 90‐km‐long, slightly sinuous axial turbidity channels, developing in the lower topography of the Kendrew Trough which erodes toe parts of transverse submarine fan complexes. Positive scaling relationships exist between drainage outlet spacing and drainage basin length, and drainage outlet cross‐sectional area and drainage basin area, which indicates the geometry of drainage outlets can provide important constraints on source area dimensions in deep‐time source‐to‐sink studies. The broadly negative bias of fan area to drainage basin area ratios indicates net sediment losses in submarine fan complexes caused by axial turbidity current erosion. Source‐to‐sink sediment balance studies must be done with full evaluating of adjacent source‐to‐sink systems to delineate fans and their associated up‐dip drainages, to achieve an accurate tectonic and sedimentologic picture of deep‐time basins.     

Rift basins and supradetachment basins: intracontinental extensional end-members

Two end-members characterize a continuum of continental extensional tectonism: rift settings and highly extended terrains. These different styles result in and are recorded by different extensional basins. Intracontinental rifts (e.g. East Africa, Lake Baikal) usually occur in thermally equilibrated crust of normal thickness. Rift settings commonly display alkali to tholeiitic magmatism, steeply dipping (45–60°) bounding faults, slip rates <1 mm yr^-1 and low-magnitude extension (10–25%). Total extension typically requires > 25 Myr. The fault and sub-basin geometry which dominates depositional style is a half-graben bounded by a steeply dipping normal fault. Associated basins are deep (6–10 km), and sedimentation is predominantly axial- or hangingwall-derived. Asymmetric subsidence localizes depocentres along the active basin-bounding scarp. Highly extended continental terrains (e.g. Colorado River extensional corridor, the Cyclade Islands) represent a different tectonic end-member. They form in back-arc regions where the crust has undergone dramatic thickening before extension, and usually reactivate recently deformed crust. Volcanism is typically calc-alkalic, and 80–90% of total extension requires much less time (<10 Myr). Bounding faults are commonly active at shallow dips (15–35°); slip rates (commonly > 2 mm yr^-1) and bulk extension (often > 100%) are high. The differences in extension magnitude and rate, volcanism, heat flow, and structural style suggest basin evolution will differ with tectonic setting. Supradetachment basins, or basins formed in highly extended terrains, have predominantly long, transverse drainage networks derived from the breakaway footwall. Depocentres are distal (10–20 km) to the main bounding fault. Basin fill is relatively thin (typically 1–3 km), probably due to rapid uplift of the tectonically and erosionally denuded footwall. Sedimentation rates are high (? 1 m kyr^-1) and interrupted by substantial unconformities. In arid and semi-arid regions, fluvial systems are poorly developed and alluvial fans dominated by mass-wasting (debris-flow, rock-avalanche breccias, glide blocks) represent a significant proportion (30–50%) of basin fill. The key parameters for comparing supradetachment to rift systems are extension rate and amount, which are functions of other factors like crustal thickness, thermal state of the lithosphere and tectonic environment. Changes in these parameters over time appear to result in changes to basin systematics.     

Ebro Basin continental sedimentation associated with late compressional Pyrenean tectonics(north‐eastern Iberia): controls on basin margin fans and fluvial systems

ABSTRACT This contribution deals with the External Sierras and a part of the foreland Ebro Basin related to the southern Pyrenean thrust front. The structure of the External Sierras consists of a south‐verging thrust system developed from middle Eocene to early Miocene times. Since the end of the early Oligocene, a regional‐scale detachment anticline (the Santo Domingo anticline) developed, folding the original thrust system and creating new thrust units. The molassic fill in this part of the Ebro Basin (Uncastillo Formation) mainly corresponds to an extensive, composite distributary fluvial system, termed the Luna system, which drained the uplifted Gavarnie Unit to the north. Small, marginal alluvial fans originated along the External Sierras and coalesced in the proximal‐middle portions of the Luna system. Three tecto‐sedimentary units (TSU), late Oligocene to early Miocene in age, comprise the Uncastillo Formation. Lateral relationships and areal distribution of lithofacies through time have been used to establish sedimentary models for the marginal alluvial fans and the Luna fluvial system. Their sedimentary evolution was controlled by tectonics affecting the drainage basins, and based on mapping and stratigraphic relationships of the TSU, the temporal succession of the marginal alluvial fans and their relationships with each thrust system in the south Pyrenean front can be shown. Alluvial fan formation evolved through time from west to east, in accord with the progressive eastward growth of the Santo Domingo anticline as a conical fold. The fluvial network of the Luna system appears to have been mainly radial, but near the basin margin its architecture was influenced by the syndepositional Fuencalderas and Uncastillo anticlines developed within the Ebro Basin. These low‐amplitude folds originated by layer‐parallel shearing caused by rotation of the southern flank of the Santo Domingo anticline. Progressive uplift of these anticlines constrained part of the fluvial discharge to synclinal areas parallel to the basin margin; these areas where characterized by meandering sandy channels. At the peripheral tips of the anticlines the channel system flowed basinward.     

The interaction between normal faulting and drainage in active extensional basins, with examples from the western United States and central Greece

Faulting exerts an important control upon drainage development in active extensional basins and thus helps determine the architecture of the sedimentary infill to a synrift basin. Examples of the interaction between faulting and drainage from the western United States and central Greece may be grouped into a relatively small number of classes based upon the structural position of a drainage catchment: footwall, hangingwall, fault offset and axial. Our examples illustrate the diversity of erosional effects that might arise because of variations in the spacing, orientation and segmentation of faults and their interactions. Where basement lithology is similar, footwall catchments are generally smaller, shorter and steeper than those of the hangingwall. Footwall-sourced alluvial fans and fan deltas are: generally smaller in area than those sourced from similar lithologies in the hangingwall. Wide fault offsets often give rise to large drainage catchments in the footwall. The development of axial drainage depends upon the breaching of transverse bedrock ridges by headward stream erosion or by lake overflow. Once breaching has occurred the direction of axial stream flow is controlled by the potential developed between basins of contrasting widths. Fault migration and propagation leads to the uplift, erosion and resedimentation of the sedimentary infill to formerly active basins, leading to the cutting of footwall unconformities. The outward sediment flux from structurally controlled catchments is modulated in an important way by lithology and runoff. The greatest contrasts in basement lithology arise when fault migration and propagation have occurred, such that the sedimentary fill to previously active basins is uplifted, incised and eroded by the establishment of large new drainage systems in the footwalls of younger faults. Drainage patterns in areas where faults interact can shed light on the relative timing of activity and therefore the occurrence of fault migration and propagation. Facies and palaeocurrent trends in ancient grabens may only be correctly interpreted when observations are made on a length scale of 10–20 km, comparable to that of the largest fault segments.     

Alluvial fan development and morpho-tectonic evolution in response to contractional fault reactivation (Late Cretaceous–Palaeocene), Provence, France

Along-strike variability within a Late Cretaceous to early Palaeocene contractional growth structure and associated alluvial fan deposits is documented at the northern margin of the Arc Basin (Provence, SE France). This contribution shows that alluvial fans can be used as high-resolution proxies to reconstruct structural segmentation and palaeo-geomorphological evolution of a source/basin margin system. Facies-based reconstruction allows the spatial and temporal distribution of alluvial fan bodies to be mapped. Relationships between fan area and catchment size from modern alluvial fan systems were used to estimate palaeo-catchment size. Combining alluvial fan morphologies with catchment area, pebble provenance analysis and growth structure reconstruction, we show that: (1) fan distribution and related depositional processes were strongly influenced by intrinsic parameters such as drainage basin evolution, local structural inheritance and lateral facies changes in source area lithologies; (2) Inherited structures trending N100 effectively controlled the first-order location of the fold and thrust structures (Montagne Sainte-Victoire Range) and adjacent depositional areas (Arc Basin); (3) Syn-sedimentary faults trending N010-030 influenced the source/basin margin development and interacted with developing growth structures; (4) Facies changes in Jurassic carbonates controlled fold development and consequently the structural evolution of the source area; and (5) the N010-030 faults and along-strike variability of the source/basin margin system were ultimately controlled by basement structures that controlled where Late Cretaceous deformation nucleated. The overall architecture of the source/basin margin system reflects segmentation and strain partitioning along strike, as demonstrated by diachronous alluvial fan distribution.     

基于面积−高程积分的他念他翁山玉曲流域地貌学分析

以他念他翁山玉曲流域为研究区，利用ArcGIS中的水文分析工具，将玉曲流域划分为1 030个亚流域盆地，采用高程起伏比法，对亚流域盆地进行面积?高程积分值（HI）计算。结合研究区的构造运动、岩性、地形起伏度、冰川作用等，探讨HI值的分布特征及主要影响因素，并确定研究区的地貌演化阶段。研究结果显示：① 玉曲流域所有亚流域盆地的HI值介于0.18~0.70，HI平均值为0.44，整体处于侵蚀循环的壮年和老年阶段。② 长毛岭大断层和瓦合大断裂经过玉曲流域，2条断裂的HI平均值分别为0.47和0.42，长毛岭大断层的活动性要高于瓦合大断裂，说明构造因素对HI值存在一定影响。③ 由于不同亚流域盆地内岩性抗侵蚀能力不同，导致HI值存在着较大差异，花岗岩、闪长岩等侵入岩（平均值0.55）>砾岩、灰岩等沉积岩（平均值0.49）>海相碳酸盐岩（平均值0.47）>夹杂着粉砂岩、页岩和泥岩的长石石英砂岩（平均值0.42）>第四系冲积物和冰碛物（平均值0.35）。④ 对于玉曲流域而言降水量对HI值的影响较小。