云南高原典型湖泊现代过程及环境演变研究进展

对云南省境内从南到北、由低至高分布的7个典型湖泊进行钻探取样,共钻取岩芯140m,同时对部分湖泊采集了表泥样品。对湖区古湖岸阶地、层状地貌和相关地层考察研究表明:主要存在着2～3次明显的高湖岸,高湖岸已受构造作用的强烈影响发生变形;杞麓湖、拉市海、文海等分布着高于落水洞时代很新的多层贝壳层,蛇山组沉积结束于末次冰期晚期及其它相关证据说明,该区现代水系可能是最近几万年才最终形成。     

清至民国洛川塬土地利用演变及其对土壤侵蚀的影响

依据史料和已有研究,恢复了洛川塬土地利用的演变过程及其对土壤侵蚀的影响。研究表明,清至民国时期是一个由土地垦殖的初步恢复到土地垦殖力度的增强、垦殖范围的扩大,再至战乱、自然灾害后期的重建以及民国时期土地垦殖发展的过程。地貌的复杂性、降水的不稳定性,对土地开垦造成客观限制;政策制度的推行对土地开垦起到主导作用;而人口因素是土地开垦的根本动力。土地开垦面积随不同时期的人口变化而呈现显著差异,即土地开垦面积和人口数量之间成正相关关系。洛川塬环境伴随着人口增长、土地利用强度增强而逐步恶化。这种恶化是地理环境系统自我调节能力减弱,继而引发土壤侵蚀加剧,并呈现为人为加速侵蚀和自然侵蚀交相混合的共同作用。     

太湖梅梁湾地区人类活动对湖泊沉积环境的影响

湖泊沉积物是记录流域人类活动以及湖泊环境响应的自然档案。通过对太湖北部梅梁湾沉积物中粒度、沉积速率、重金属（ Cd、 Pb、 Mn ）、营养盐等多个指标的分析,探讨了该湖区100多年来的环境演变状况,旨在揭示太湖梅梁湾地区的生态环境演化趋势及其与人类活动的关系。结果表明,人类活动正逐渐成为影响湖区沉积环境的主要因素。1949年以前,太湖流域民族工业的发展,人类活动方式及强度发生改变,加强了对湖区的扰动,湖区沉积速率逐渐变大,粒度变粗,重金属（ Mn元素）以及营养盐含量减少;1949年至20世纪80年代,沉积速率变动幅度大,但湖区重金属及其营养盐含量稳定,以自然沉积为主,表明这一时期输入太湖的重金属和营养盐数量比较少,导致湖水污染的仅仅是农业面源污染和生活垃圾;20世纪80年代以后,大量的工业废水和生活污水排放入湖,致使沉积物中总有机碳（ TOC）、总氮（ TN）、总磷（ TP）以及重金属含量迅速增长, TN／TP表明人为磷元素的大量输入是导致太湖水体富营养化的主要原因。自1998年以来各种污染治理措施的实施,使得表层沉积物沉积速率及Cd和Pb含量下降,湖区生态环境改善,但整体而言,仍无法遏制人类活动对太湖梅梁湾地区生态环境破坏的现象。     

金至民国时期京津唐地区人口与土地开发规模间的关系探讨

通过对京津唐地区金至民国时期人口变迁和土地开发的研究,对这一时段各个历史时期人口和土地开发的规律和特征进行了探讨.认为京津唐地区的土地开发过程与相应时期的人口变化密切相关.对本地区人口——土地亩数进行的相关分析表明,清嘉庆以前,这一地区的土地开发规模与人口的增长符合线性方程y=522+5.24x.这说明在此阶段二者间的变化是循着一定的规律进行的.清嘉庆未至民国时期,人口与土地的关系则不符合上述方程,显示出在人口——土地开发的渐变过程出现了一个突变的断层.这表明在一定的社会生产力水平下,人口与土地开发间的规律已被打破,从而引起了环境进一步的改变.     

近30多年江苏省滨海淤长型滩涂中农业/渔业用地动态

以4期(1980年前、1990年前后、2002年和2010年)Landsat遥感影像为基础数据,研究了近30多年来江苏省滨海淤长型滩涂中,农业和渔业用地面积消长、土地的去向及来源变化情况.研究表明,从1980年前至2010年,农业用地面积从436.56km2增长至909.31km2;渔业用地面积从31.67 km2增长至838.94km2.其中,农业用地与渔业用地面积在前20 a增长相对较快;但近10a来,随着天然湿地提供的土地资源被逐渐消耗,农业/渔业用地面积增长趋缓.在典型淤长型滩涂中,天然湿地被开垦为农业/渔业用地后,很少会再恢复为天然湿地;在过渡型淤长滩涂中,近10a来,恢复为天然湿地的农业/渔业用地比例分别达到了18.10％和13.44％.经过近30多年的围垦,天然湿地比例从74.59％下降为50.30％,芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽、碱蓬(Suaeda sp.)沼泽等天然湿地转化为农业/渔业用地趋势减弱.     

快速城市化背景下珠江三角洲滨海湿地变化特征

自20世纪80年代初以来,随着城市化与工业化的快速发展,珠江三角洲地区人口和产业活动集聚,引发了大规模的围填海活动,导致滨海湿地大面积减少,滨海水体污染、生物多样性丧失等生态环境问题突出。利用1980年的Landsat MSS影像和1995年、2010年和2015年的Landsat TM影像,获取4个时期珠江三角洲地区的土地利用信息,结合珠三角沿海城市开发政策,分析珠江三角洲滨海湿地的变化特征及其驱动因素;利用元胞自动机模型,预测该地区未来城市发展对滨海湿地的影响。研究结果表明,在滨海湿地变化最为剧烈的珠江口区,东、西两岸区域的开发模式和开发时间存在显著差异,东岸区域的开发始于1980年,土地开发利用方式以围垦养殖和工程建设为主;西岸区域开发始于1995年,土地开发利用方式以围垦养殖为主。围垦养殖、交通建设、产业发展、保护政策等人为因素是导致珠江三角洲滨海湿地变化的主要原因。在粤港澳大湾区建设背景下,自贸区、港珠澳大桥、深中通道建设等新一轮城市和区域开发活动,可能会导致珠江口西岸区域大面积滨海湿地和东岸区域部分滨海湿地丧失。     

奈曼旗20世纪80年代以来土地覆盖/利用变化研究

奈曼旗是我国北方农牧交错带沙漠化最严重的地区之一, 也是中国沙漠化监测和治理的重要地区之一。自20世纪80年代以来开始实行一系列土地整治措施, 土地覆盖/利用发生很大变化。利用1980年和1996年的1: 10万的TM遥感影像及GIS获得的数据, 从土地覆盖/利用结构变化、数量变化、空间景观特征变化以及主要变化过程等方面对其进行了研究。结果表明, 80年代以来奈曼旗耕地与难利用土地大幅减少, 林地和草地大幅增加; 土地覆盖/利用变化的主要过程为: 耕地退耕还草、还林, 难利用土地恢复为草地, 在适宜的草地上植树造林; 景观变得破碎, 土地利用的多样性增强。     

近50a来黑河流域水文及生态环境的变化

利用详实资料,对比分析了40年代以来不同时期黑河流域水文及生态环境的变化特征,并对不同时期流域水土资源开发利用规模及出山径流的变化进行对比分析,结果说明:本世纪40年代以来,流域中游地区地表水利用量增加了19倍,灌溉绿洲扩大了89.5%,使流域33条支流相继断流,干流下游水量减少了51%,终端湖泊干涸,水质恶化,土地盐碱化和沙漠化在全流域发展,沙漠化土地面积自1949年以来增加了4%~11%。人类对流域水土资源的大规模开发利用是产生这些变化的主要因素。     

云南小江流域土地荒漠化及其防治对策

云南小江流域是我国南方土地荒漠化的典型地区是第四纪地质环境人工再造作用的结果。主要表现为土壤退化,土地沙石化、石质化和劣地化,面积达７０００ｈｍ＾２。造成土壤肥力下降,土地资源、生物资源遭到破坏,制约社会经济发展要改变上述面貌,必须做好规划,因地制宜,突出重点,分批治理;实行异地开发移民措施,积极进行水土保持和生态农业建设;加强法制观念,强化预防监督措施,控制人口增长等。     

近50年来毛乌素沙地的沙漠化过程研究

根据野外考察、应用遥感和地理信息系统技术对毛乌素沙地进行动态研究表明，50年代沙漠化土地面积约为12900km^2，到了70年代中期达41110km^2,80年代后期，减少为32590km^2，至1993年又下降到了30650km^2。50-70年代是沙漠化土地迅速发展的时期，而进入80年代以后，总体上是处于逆转过程中，已有近9460km^2的沙漠化土地得到了治理，这主要得益于“三北”防护林工程的实施和当地政府与干部群众积极开展沙漠化防治的努力，也进一步证明了：沙漠化主要是人类造成的，也只有人类能够控制它。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

Assessment of GIAHS in Shizuoka: The Traditional Tea-grass Integrated System

<正>1 Introduction In 2013,Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture.Shizuoka prefecture occupies a variety of elevations,from 0 to 3000m or more above sea level.Because of the diversity of land features and climates,this area produces 167 agricultural commodities.In addition,a lot of traditional agriculture and over200 local native varieties of crops have been conserved in Shizuoka     

ERAHS: A New Platform for the Exchange of Regional Information and Experience on Agricultural Heritage Systems

<正>There are more than 10000 years of agricultural development history in the world that has provided very fruitful and ingenious traditional knowledge and experiences reflecting the evolution of humanity and the nature.In2002,the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)initiated an international partnership initiative of"Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Journal of Resources and Ecology Total Contents of Volume 5, 2014

<正>~~     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .