陕西柞水地区小茅岭复式岩体东段LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年

小茅岭复式岩体东段主要由早期宋家屋场蚀变角闪辉绿(辉长)岩体和晚期迷魂阵蚀变闪长岩体、磨沟峡蚀变石英闪长岩体、叶家湾蚀变二长闪长岩体组成。经LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年,分别获得宋家屋场岩体侵位年龄864.4Ma±1.7Ma,迷魂阵岩体846.7Ma±2.7Ma,磨沟峡岩体为859.4Ma ±1.7Ma,叶家湾岩体861.1Ma±1.8Ma,确证该复式岩体形成于新元古代。鉴于在小茅岭-陡岭隆起带的早前寒武系变质岩中曾获得与北秦岭造山事件(1000～848Ma)相一致的变质年龄,结合该复式岩体自身的特征,认为小茅岭复式岩体东段形成于后造山应力松弛的构造环境。     

陕西柞水地区小茅岭复式岩体东段LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年

小茅岭复式岩体东段主要由早期宋家屋场蚀变角闪辉绿(辉长)岩体和晚期迷魂阵蚀变闪长岩体、磨沟峡蚀变石英闪长岩体、叶家湾蚀变二长闪长岩体组成.经LA-ICp-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年,分别获得宋家屋场岩体侵位年龄864.4Ma±1.7Ma,迷魂阵岩体846.7Ma±2.7Ma,磨沟峡岩体为859.4Ma±1.7Ma,叶家湾岩体861.1Ma+1.8Ma,确证该复式岩体形成于新元古代.鉴于在小茅岭-陡岭隆起带的早前寒武系变质岩中曾获得与北秦岭造山事件(1000-848Ma)相一致的变质年龄,结合该复式岩体自身的特征,认为小茅岭复式岩体东段形成于后造山应力松弛的构造环境.     

陕西柞水地区小茅岭复式岩体东段LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb定年

小茅岭复式岩体东段主要由早期宋家屋场蚀变角闪辉绿（辉长）岩体和晚期迷魂阵蚀变闪长岩体、磨沟峡蚀变石英闪长岩体、叶家湾蚀变二长闪长岩体纽成。经LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb同位素测年,分别获得宋家屋场岩体侵位年龄864．4Ma±1．7Ma,迷魂阵岩体846．7Ma±2．7Ma,磨沟峡岩体为859．4Ma±1．7Ma,叶家湾岩体861．1Ma±1．8Ma,确证该复式岩体形成于新元古代。鉴于在小茅岭-陡岭隆起带的早前寒武系变质岩中曾获得与北秦岭造山事件（1000-848Ma）相一致的变质年龄,结合该复式岩体自身的特征,认为小茅岭复式岩体东段形成于后造山应力松弛的构造环境。     

东昆仑喀雅克登塔格杂岩体的SHRIMP年龄及其地质意义

喀雅克登塔格杂岩体位于东昆仑祁漫塔格山东南部,由辉长岩、闪长岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩等岩石类型组成,具有典型的岩浆混合特征.通过对杂岩体中辉长岩和二长花岗岩的锆石进行SHRIMP测年,分别获得403.3±7.2 Ma和394±13 Ma两个极为接近的岩浆锆石年龄以及1 116 Ma的继承锆石年龄.锆石形态学特征显示辉长岩和二长花岗岩中锆石的大致结晶温度分别为850～900℃和600～850℃,提供了杂岩体形成的深度信息.测年结果为研究东昆仑造山带的演化历史提供了重要的年代学资料.     

吉林省敦化地区晚三叠世碱性-亚碱性侵入杂岩体的地质特征及构造背景分析

吉林省敦化地区以碱厂沟、三岔子、青林子岩体为代表的碱性-偏碱性侵入杂岩体,主要由碱性辉长岩、角闪碱长正长岩、石英正长岩和角闪碱长花岗岩等组成,具复合环状深成杂岩之特征。辉长岩KAr同位素年龄为224Ma①,角闪碱长正长岩UPb同位素年龄为(223±1)Ma,表明岩体形成时代为晚三叠世。岩石化学、地球化学特征表明岩浆源于上地幔物质的部分融熔,但并非典型大陆裂谷性质的碱性岩,其形成标志着区域上南北向古亚洲构造域碰撞造山已结束,开始进入稳定大陆裂谷的发展阶段,并预示着北东向滨太平洋构造域的开始。     

西秦岭北缘新元古代花岗质片麻岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

西秦岭造山带北缘古元古界变质杂岩中新识别出新元古代元龙花岗质片麻岩和新阳花岗质片麻岩。花岗质片麻岩中锆石Th/U比值较高,阴极发光图象显示锆石内部发育振荡环带,具岩浆成因特点。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为914.7±7.6Ma(MSWD=4.8)、978.5±4.8Ma(MSWD=1.5)和935.5±3.1Ma(MSWD=1.3),表明花岗岩岩体形成于新元古代,反映了新元古代早期西秦岭北缘存在一次俯冲碰撞事件,与Rodinia超大陆的汇聚事件具有一致性。     

西秦岭天水地区关子镇中基性岩浆杂岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

西秦岭天水关子镇地区新确定的流水沟变质中基性岩浆杂岩体主要由变质辉长岩-辉长闪长岩-闪长岩组成,地球化学特征显示其形成于岛弧构造环境。变质中基性岩浆杂岩的TIMS法锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为(507.5±3.0)Ma,表明西秦岭北带岛弧型岩浆岩的形成时代为晚寒武世,反映以关子镇蛇绿岩为代表的古洋盆的俯冲作用和形成火山-岩浆岛弧的时限可能为晚寒武世或稍早。     

秦岭造山带核部新元古代碰撞变形及其时代--强变形同碰撞花岗岩与弱变形脉体锆石SHRIMP年龄限定

已有的研究表明,主要形成于显生宙的秦岭造山带发生过新元古代碰撞造山作用,但确切的碰撞时间尚需研究。综合物质组成、S→I→A型花岗岩演化、强烈的变形改造、区域变质作用和地质演化等多方面的证据,进一步论证了秦岭造山带核部以牛角山岩体为代表的片麻状过铝质S型花岗岩体为同碰撞岩体;其中,牛角山岩体可能为同碰撞早期岩体。该岩体的15个锆石SHRIMP测年点给出2 0 6 Pb/ 2 38U加权平均年龄为95 5±13Ma。该年龄可代表陆壳下冲深埋、碰撞增厚的时间。在同一地点侵入于岩体中的弱变形花岗岩脉的锆石SHRIMP年龄为92 9±2 5 Ma,从而证明,该片麻状花岗岩体记录的同碰撞变形主要发生于95 5～92 9Ma。这为确定新元古代同碰撞造山作用及其时代提供了有利证据。该碰撞时间滞后于全球格林威尔碰撞造山的时间(130 0～10 0 0 Ma) ,与华南陆块汇聚时间大致相同。根据花岗岩演化特点推测,该事件可能是华北南缘或扬子地块北缘的一次小陆块汇聚增生。     

陕西汉南毕机沟钒钛磁铁矿锆石U-Pb年代学及其意义

毕机沟钒钛磁铁矿位于扬子板块北缘汉南杂岩的西北部,是基性-超基性杂岩体分异演化的产物。矿区范围出露的岩石主要包括橄长岩、辉长岩、辉长闪长岩和闪长岩,具有明显岩相分带和韵律旋回特征。目前,已发现的多个钒钛磁铁矿体均位于基性岩-超基性杂岩体的辉长岩相带内。本次研究对毕机沟矿区的含矿辉长岩和穿切含矿辉长岩的花岗岩脉进行了原位微区LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年,获得两者的侵位时间分别为(783±4)Ma(MSWD=0.09)和(759±4)Ma(MSWD=1.50),结果表明毕机沟钒钛磁铁矿的成矿时代大约为783 Ma,但不晚于759 Ma。结合前人区域成果资料,毕机沟含钒钛磁铁矿的基性-超基性杂岩体与该区新元古代大规模具岛弧性质的基性-超基性杂岩体的形成时代相近,我们认为毕机沟钒-钛磁铁矿可能形成于活动型大陆边缘环境。     

金厂沟梁—二道沟金矿田内花岗岩类侵入体锆石的离子探针U—Pb年代及意义

金厂沟梁-二道沟金矿田内花岗岩类侵入体SHRIMP锆石U-Ph定年结果表明,该区中生代以来到少经历了三次中酸性岩浆侵入作用,它们分别以西台子二长花岗岩、娄上含辉石石英闪长岩和西对面沟花岗闪长岩及闪长玢岩脉在218±4Ma(印支期)、161±1Ma(燕山早期)和126±1Ma(燕山晚期)的侵位为标志。花岗岩类的地球化学资料表明,这些花岗岩类侵入体形成与造山作用有关,为造山后或陆内拉张作用的产物。二道沟矿区成矿前或成矿期闪长玢岩脉的年龄126±1Ma限定了该区金矿化的最大年龄;结合前人有关年代学资料,认为本区金矿化应发生在126～118Ma。这说明金厂沟梁-二道沟金矿田的金矿床与我国胶东、小秦岭和辽东等地区的金矿床是同时形成的,再次证明燕山晚期是中国最重要而广泛的金成矿期。此外,在这些主要的金矿区内,金矿化时间上均具有与各自区内最晚一次花岗质岩浆作用同时或稍晚的特征,这可能指示金矿床是造山作用或区域构造-岩浆演化最晚期的产物。     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究

通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。      

黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因

自1954年有水文观测资料以来，黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出，鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低，当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流，这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水，提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力，今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the     

天山南坡科其喀尔冰川表碛区小气候特征研究

利用天山南坡科其喀尔冰川3号观测站2009年全年的气象观测资料,分析研究了科其喀尔冰川表碛区的小气候特征. 结果表明：总辐射和净辐射夏秋季较高、冬春季较低;反射辐射和地表反照率反之. 与其他地区不同,该区主要受积雪物理性质和下垫面状况的影响,冬春季地表反照率日变化表现为由大到小的变化过程,夏秋季表现为倒U型. 温度年变化表现为夏秋季高、冬春季低,最高月均值出现在8月,为9.4℃,最低月均值出现在1月,为-9.6℃. 受山谷风和冰川风的影响,全年的风向以西北风和西北偏西风为主,风向的日变化以11：00为界发生转向. 受降水和冰川消融等的影响,比湿夏秋季月均值较大,冬春季月均值较小.     

Climate: Is the past the key to the future?

 The climate of the Holocene is not well suited to be the baseline for the climate of the planet. It is an interglacial, a state typical of only 10% of the past few million years. It is a time of relative sea-level stability after a rapid 130-m rise from the lowstand during the last glacial maximum. Physical geologic processes are operating at unusual rates and much of the geochemical system is not in a steady state. During most of the Phanerozoic there have been no continental ice sheets on the earth, and the planet’s meridional temperature gradient has been much less than it is presently. Major factors influencing climate are insolation, greenhouse gases, paleogeography, and vegetation; the first two are discussed in this paper. Changes in the earth’s orbital parameters affect the amount of radiation received from the sun at different latitudes over the course of the year. During the last climate cycle, the waxing and waning of the northern hemisphere continental ice sheets closely followed the changes in summer insolation at the latitude of the northern hemisphere polar circle. The overall intensity of insolation in the northern hemisphere is governed by the precession of the earth’s axis of rotation, and the precession and ellipticity of the earth’s orbit. At the polar circle a meridional minimum of summer insolation becomes alternately more and less pronounced as the obliquity of the earth’s axis of rotation changes. Feedback processes amplify the insolation signal. Greenhouse gases (H₂O, CO₂, CH₄, CFCs) modulate the insolation-driven climate. The atmospheric content of CO₂ during the last glacial maximum was approximately 30% less than during the present interglacial. A variety of possible causes for this change have been postulated. The present burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and cement manufacture since the beginning of the industrial revolution have added CO₂ to the atmosphere when its content due to glacial-interglacial variation was already at a maximum. Anthropogenic activity has increased the CO₂ content of the atmosphere to 130% of its previous Holocene level, probably higher than at any time during the past few million years. During the Late Cretaceous the atmospheric CO₂ content was probably about four times that of the present, the level to which it may rise at the end of the next century. The results of a Campanian (80 Ma) climate simulation suggest that the positive feedback between CO₂ and another important greenhouse gas, H₂O, raised the earth’s temperature to a level where latent heat transport became much more significant than it is presently, and operated efficiently at all latitudes. Atmospheric high- and low-pressure systems were as much the result of variations in the vapor content of the air as of temperature differences. In our present state of knowledge, future climate change is unpredictable because by adding CO₂ to the atmosphere we are forcing the climate toward a “greenhouse” mode when it is accustomed to moving between the glacial–interglacial “icehouse” states that reflect the waxing and waning of ice sheets. At the same time we are replacing freely transpiring C3 plants with water-conserving C4 plants, producing a global vegetation complex that has no past analog. The past climates of the earth cannot be used as a direct guide to what may occur in the future. To understand what may happen in the future we must learn about the first principles of physics and chemistry related to the earth’s system. The fundamental mechanisms of the climate system are best explored in simulations of the earth’s ancient extreme climates. Received: 7 November 1996/Accepted: 23 January 1997