北斗卫星导航系统在地质调查领域应用综述

北斗卫星导航系统由中国自行研制,拥有完全自主知识产权,具有快速定位、双向通信和精密授时三大功能。介绍了北斗卫星导航系统的特点、功能及其在数据采集与监测、监控与指挥调度等方面的典型应用,总结了北斗卫星系统在野外地质调查与安全保障、地质灾害实时监测、抗震救灾与应急指挥中的应用,重点介绍了基于北斗卫星的野外地质调查服务与管理系统、滑坡实时监测系统、青藏高原地应力实时监测系统、抗震救灾应急指挥系统的组成及功能,并分析了北斗卫星导航系统在地质领域的应用优势。      

台湾浊水溪冲积扇地表变形监测雷达干涉技术与资料融合方法

浊水溪冲积扇为台湾目前最严重的地层下陷区,已设置包括DInSAR、GPS、水准测量、磁环分层式监测井与地下水位井等多元监测系统。大范围监测地层下陷方法中的水准测量有取样性不足之缺点,而DInSAR也易受相位不相关与大气误差影响而致精度降低。本研究利用2006~2008年期间共20幅ENVISAT卫星影像,搭配PSI技术,有效降低DInSAR的误差影响,同时获得107.6像素/km2的取样密度,弥补了水准测量取样密度仅0.2个/km2的取样性不足,透过295个监测点交叉验证,PSI与水准测量的成果显示两者的均方根误差为0.6cm。本研究亦发展了资料融合方法,有效结合水准测量与PSI成果,实验结果显示融合后的成果更能精确展现下陷的范围与下陷中心的变化,同时该成果与水准测量之均方根误差降至0.4cm。     

导航卫星太阳辐射压模型研究进展

由于难以精确模制,太阳辐射压摄动已经成为导航卫星精密定轨的主要误差源。因此,为了提高导航卫星的定轨精度,必须对太阳辐射压进行精确建模。随着我国北斗卫星导航系统的稳定运行,开发适用于北斗卫星的太阳辐射压模型已经成为一个研究热点。通过回顾国内外近几十年的太阳辐射压模型研究成果,详细介绍了几种常用的太阳辐射压模型,对其建模原理以及模型的优缺点进行了分析,并介绍了北斗卫星太阳辐射压建模的研究现状,为我国北斗卫星导航系统的太阳辐射压建模提供借鉴。     

浅析GPS RTK技术特点及应用

GPS RTK技术GPS,即为全球定位系统的简称。它是一套利用美国GPS卫星导航系统进行全天候、全方位的测量定位设备。根据GPS提供的坐标或坐标演变量精度和方式的不同,可以分为毫米级、厘米级、静态、动态后处理、     

高程拟合法在阳山金矿高程测量中的应用

利用高程拟合法对阳山金矿GPS控制测量高程测量进行试验,与传统水准测量方法和精度进行对比,应用高程拟合法能大大提高工作效率。     

形变监测高分辨率InSAR数据的精度分析

收集江苏高分辨率InSAR地面沉降监测结果及兴化、淮安同期水准测量资料和基岩标同期监测资料,利用79个水准点测量数据、7个基岩标（分别选取不同时段）测量数据共98个数据样本,将InSAR技术与水准测量及基岩标测量技术的监测结果进行对比发现,监测结果一致性率为86.73%,平均差值为2.08 mm,标准差为2.50 mm,最大差值为18.64 mm,表明InSAR可进行半定量形变监测,但在高层建筑、排水管线、大坝、桥梁等需高精度形变监测的工程方面仍不能替代水准测量。     

CORS网和GNSS技术在地面变形监测中的应用

地面变形对工程建设安全稳定具有一定影响,对工程建设规划、地质灾害防治等具有重要意义。本文利用卫星导航定位基准站（CORS）网全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）连续观测,实现了区域地面大地高、地面重力和地倾斜变化面的监测,通过与部分地质灾害信息进行时空分析,确定了用于地面稳定性变化分析的要素和权重,进而定量分析了地面稳定性变化。该方法在浙江省东南部地区进行了测试验证,获得了较好的效果。利用CORS网连续观测能够定量监测地面变形整个面的变化,分析区域地面稳定性变化情况,可为区域规划和地质灾害防治提供技术支持和参考。     

高精度全站仪在高速铁路跨河水准测量中的应用

在水准测量过程中,当水准线路不可避免穿过河床较宽的大河时,可采用高精度全站仪进行跨河水准测量。文章结合工程实例,对高精度全站仪的测量使用方法进行了介绍,通过对测量成果的分析,认为运用该方法进行跨河水准测量的精度可以满足二等水准测量的要求。     

单频GPS在水准测量上的实验探讨

基于单频GPS用于水准测量的实践,进行了GPS在测高方面的限制性与可行性的实验探索,提出了用水准测量中允许闭合差的概念,评定GPS测高精度的等级。     

转绘技术在地图修测中的应用

利用卫星图像修测地图时,首先对卫星图像的大地坐标、投影性质等进行设定,使其与地图相统一,然后利用地图对卫星图像进行几何精校正,最后把卫星图像和地图叠加在一起进行转绘。实际工作表明,与传统外业测量方式相比,利用此技术修测地图更加方便、高效,且制作的地图具有较高精度,能较好地满足地图修测工作需要。     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861     

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

正20141768 An Shaopeng(Institute of Rock and Soil Mechannics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China);Wei Lide Experimental Study on Mechanical Behavior of Xigeda Formation Siltstone and Structure Interface(Journal of Engineering Geology,ISSN1004-9665,CN11-3249/P,21(5),2013,p.702-708,9illus.,1 table,16 refs.)