日照—连云港地区重磁异常特征及其构造意义

航空重力、磁力测量是解决海陆过渡区地球物理资料不连续问题的有效途径,所获取的数据为进一步认识苏鲁造山带西段断裂展布、大地构造属性等基础地质问题提供了科学依据.基于最新高精度航空重磁数据,编制了日照-连云港地区1:25万重力、磁力异常图,结合区域地质资料,分析重、磁异常特征,在日照-连云港地区圈定了郯庐断裂带、桑墟-连云港断裂、东海-赣榆断裂、五莲-桃园断裂等基底断裂构造.研究认为苏鲁造山带南部边界为桑墟-连云港断裂（连黄断裂）,以该断裂为界,北侧基底为华北板块组成部分,断裂南侧为下扬子板块基底;以东海-赣榆断裂为界,苏鲁造山带可分为南部和北部,两部分在后期构造活动方面差异显著.      

Recent large fold nucleation in the upper crust: Insight from gravity,magnetic, magnetotelluric and seismicity data (Sierra de Los Filabres–Sierra de Las Estancias,Internal Zones,Betic Cordillera)

Rheological heterogeneities in the upper-crust have a close relationship with the fold position where rigid bodies could constitute initial perturbations that allow the nucleation of folds. Consequently, establish the position and geometry of anomalous rocks located in the upper-crust by geophysical studies help to understand the folded structure observed on surface. New geological observations in the field, along with gravity, magnetic, magnetotelluric and seismicity data, reveal the subsurface structure in the Sierra de Los Filabres–Sierra de Las Estancias folded region part of the Alpine belt in southern Spain. The geometry of the upper crust is determined by geological field data, 2D gravity models, 2D magnetic models and 2D MT resistivity model, while seismicity evidences the location of the deep active structures. These results allow us to propose that a basic rock body at 4 to 9 km depth has determined the nucleation and development of the Sierra de Los Filabres kilometric antiform. N-vergent large late folds are subjected to a variable present-day stress field. Earthquake focal mechanisms suggest the presence in depth of a regional NW–SE compressive stress field. However, most of the seismogenetic structures do not extend up to the surface, where NW–SE and WNW–ESE outcropping active normal faults are observed, thus indicating a NE–SW extension in the upper crust simultaneous to orthogonal NW–SE compression related to reverse faults and minor folds developed in the Eastern Almanzora Corridor and in the nearby Huércal–Overa Basin. The recent and active tectonic studies of cordilleras hinterland subjected to late folding greatly benefits from the integration of surface observations together with geophysical data.     

Investigation of the deep structure of the Sivas Basin (innereast Anatolia, Turkey) with geophysical methods

Sivas Basin is the easternmost and third largest basin of the Central Anatolian Basins. In this study, gravity, aeromagnetic and seismic data are used to investigate the deep structure of the Sivas Basin, together with the well seismic velocity data, geological observations from the surface and the borehole data of the Celalli-1 well. Basement depth is modeled three-dimensionally (3D) using the gravity anomalies, and 2D gravity and magnetic models were constructed along with a N–S trending profile. Densities of the rock samples were obtained from the distinct parts of the basin surface and in-situ susceptibilities were also measured and evaluated in comparison with the other geophysical and geological data. Additionally, seismic sections, in spite of their low resolution, were used to define the velocity variation in the basin in order to compare depth values and geological cross-section obtained from the modeling studies. Deepest parts of the basin (12–13 km), determined from the 3D model, are located below the settlement of Hafik and to the south of Zara towns. Geometry, extension and wideness of the basin, together with the thickness and lithologies of the sedimentary units are reasonably appropriate for further hydrocarbon exploration in the Sivas Basin that is still an unexplored area with the limited number of seismic lines and only one borehole.     

Geodynamic evolution of Jbel Cheid (Northern Tunisian Atlas) from geophysical and geological data

Understanding the formation and the development of salt structures is very important especially because they are of significant economical interest. Detailed understanding of this process will help reservoir prediction and hydrocarbon recovery. In this work, we use a combination of geological observations along with the interpretation of geophysical data (seismic and Bouguer anomaly data) to better constrain the geology of the Jbel Cheid structure. The shape of Triassic body of Jbel Cheid (Northern Tunisian Atlas) structure and its geodynamic evolution have been determined by gravity analyses and 2.5D modeling, correlated with others geophysical data (seismic) and geological observations. Semi-automatic structural analysis was performed before modeling, to identify lateral gravity discontinuities. The complete Bouguer and residual gravity anomaly maps indicate a positive amplitude gravity anomaly over the Triassic evaporitic outcrop (Jbel Cheid) and prominent NE–SW-trending features associated with the boundary of the Triassic rocks and surrounded layers. The seismic profile shows a thickness variation of post-salt layers. Taking into account the 2.5D gravity model, seismic profile and surface data, geodynamic evolution of Jbel Cheid can be subdivided on three stages (reactive, active, and passive) which well correlated to the model proposed by Vendeville (2002).     

Refinement of three-dimensional multilayer models of basins and crustal environments by inversion of gravity and magnetic data

The sensitivity of gravity and magnetic data to deep structures and the broad availability of regional data sets and surveys of high resolution make them suitable for determining detailed three-dimensional (3D) models of the subsurface. However, the sole consideration of gravity and magnetic information cannot properly resolve heterogeneous 3D environments. Advocated to solve this problem, we present an automated refinement technique for three-dimensional multilayer models as conditioned by gravity and magnetic data and by meaningful geometrical and physical constraints. We construct our model by an aggregate of rectangular prisms and aim to estimate their bottom depths, which define the geological layers. We summarize mathematically our concept of refinement in an objective function that includes the misfit to the data, the similitude to an a priori geological–geophysical model, and the smoothness of the relief of the layers. Importantly, our objective function also includes inequality constraints that prevent the superposition of layers and integrate the surface and borehole geology with the multilayer deep model. The objective function is solved using quadratic programming in a stable iterative scheme. The resulting algorithm is tested on synthetic data and applied to crustal and sedimentary basin environments from southern Baja California, Mexico. The assimilation of the geological and geometrical constraints to the inversion process produces models that correlate with the surface geology and reveal the three-dimensional features of the subsurface.     

一种基于物性数据的深部三维地质建模方法

地质采样信息不足是制约深部三维地质建模的重要因素, 深部物性探测数据由于其易于获取而能够有效形成可视化模型.结合这一特点, 在地质调查项目工作中探索出了一种基于物性探测数据的三维地质建模方法.它首先利用岩石样品物性测量实验数据提取出物性参数及其对应地质属性的映射关系, 然后将不同地球物理方法所获取到的物性数据进行综合建模并解释, 最后将解释后的可视化模型转换为地质三维模型.实践证明, 该方法能够针对性地解决项目中的一些深部地质三维建模问题.      

Application of the non-seismic geophysical method in the deep geological structure study of Benxi-Huanren area

Based upon 1:200,000 regional gravity and aeromagnetic data, gravity and aeromagnetic slice maps were obtained through fast Fourier transformation (FFT) upward continuation. A comparison between gravity and aeromagnetic slice maps at different depths combined with regional geological data and Magneto-Telluric sounding reveals the deep geological structure of Benxi-Huanren area and provides important information for study of the deep geological evolution process of Benxi-Huanren area. Yanshanian granitic pluton is widely distributed in this area and tends to be continuous toward depth. Significant metallogenic areas, such as Dataigou and Nanfen areas, lie above the buried granitic pluton. The Paleoproterozoic strata distribution area and the Archean strata distribution area have similar characteristics in terms of gravity anomaly. The iron-bearing formation in Anshan area is Archean supracrustal rock which was not engulfed by Archean granite. The thickness of Liaoji paleo-rift can be up to 10 km, whose lower part was intruded by Yanshanian granites. The basement of the Liaoji rift was remelted during granite intrusion in Yanshanian period.     

红格铁矿三维反演与地质建模

四川红格钒钛磁铁矿是我国重要的岩浆岩型铁矿石产出基地。在过去几十年中,对红格地区进行了不同程度的勘探,积累了大量地质、物化探资料。但是,这些工作比较分散,不同单位不同时期用多种方法开展了多种比例尺的地质、物化探工作,资料零散的分布于不同单位,没有进行过系统的梳理及研究。本文对红格矿区进行有地质约束的三维磁异常反演,建立了三维地质模型,并实现了三维可视化。分析所建三维地质模型,从宏观上推测了红格铁矿的成矿控矿规律及岩浆运移通道,微观上预测了红格矿区矿体空间位置、形态及控矿、容矿、含矿地质体的分布规律。另外,结合地质模型还进行了找矿潜力评价,分析了矿区外围和深部的找矿前景。     

铀资源勘查多源地学数据挖掘技术

核能作为清洁能源之一,是实现我国能源经济可持续发展的重要支撑。近年来,核电的快速发展对天然铀资源供给提出了新需求、新挑战,利用现代对地观测新技术新方法,持续开展铀资源高效勘查,是扩大天然铀资源量的关键途径。基于数据挖掘和知识发现技术,综合利用遥感、地球物理、地质等多源地学数据,通过光学遥感数据与雷达数据融合、航磁、航放、重力与地学数据综合分析,结合地面遥感地质调查与验证,系统研究了桃山矿田及其邻区主要成矿岩体、控矿构造、热液蚀变等多种铀成矿要素的电磁波谱特征,综合评价了铀成矿条件,圈定了远景靶区。     

基于PRB数据构建三维地质模型的技术方法研究

2004年开始数字地质填图技术在全国区调中全面推广应用,运用数字地质填图过程中获取的PRB数据直接构建浅部三维地质模型具有重要研究意义。构建三维地质模型的关键是三维地质界面的构建,本文重点阐述了断层面、第四系界面、地层面、岩体界面、残留顶盖界面、俘虏体界面等6种主要地质界面的构建流程与方法。面的构建时应先创建模型的边界面(DEM面、模型的底界面、模型的四周边界面),再建断层面,最后按地质体新老顺序依次构建其他地质界面,构建地质界面时应遵循"野外路线数据为主要数据,地下地质数据为约束数据"的原则。该方法建立的地质界面与地表填图数据和地下地质数据都能够完全吻合,建立的地质界面精度高且美观,但受地表产状可推测深度的限制,该方法仅适用于浅部三维地质模型的构建,但构建的模型可以作为深部三维地质建模的参考与约束。建模单元可以与地表填图单元相同,也可以进行少量的合并,模型可达到的精度较高,模型的精度取决于野外填图路线数据的精度和数量,尤其是野外路线中的点间界线和有效产状的精度和数量。为了保证模型的精度,在野外路线填图过程中应尽量保证每条野外路线中的点间界线(B)都具有有效产状,在地质界线产状变化较大的部位需要适量增加产状数据。     

地球物理在三维地质调查中的应用——以本溪-临江勘查区为例

以本溪-临江勘查区为例,通过对勘查区航磁、重力以及电法剖面数据的解译,为深部地质地层、构造、岩体、矿体等信息推断提供地球物理依据,绘制地质图切剖面,服务三维地质建模.在地球物理信息处理的过程中,结合鞍山式铁矿成矿机制,在勘查区内研究发现若干潜力矿床.     

Stress analysis and tectonic trends of southern Sinai Peninsula, using potential field data analysis and anisotropy technique

The aim of the present work is to evaluate the stress direction and the tectonic trends of the study area using magnetic anisotropy and potential field data interpretations (Bouguer and aeromagnetic). The specific objective of the gravity and aeromagnetic interpretation is to establish the trend and depth of the structural configuration of the basement rocks. Horizontal gradient techniques could to delineate directions of deep sources and enabled tracing several faults, lineaments and tectonic boundaries of basement rocks. The trend analysis shows N40°?C50°W, N10°?C20°W and N10°?C20°E which may be related to the Gulf of Suez, Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba stresses. However, Euler Deconvolution technique was applied using the aeromagnetic data to provide reliable information about penetrated source depth (100 m and ??10.0 km) and trends of the subsurface sources (principally in NW and NE directions). Moreover, representative 72 oriented rock samples have been collected from seven sites in the study area. The rock magnetic properties and magnetic anisotropy analysis have been determined for all the studied samples. The interpretation clearly defined magnetic lineation at all sites and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) parameters. The stress direction of the studied area has been evaluated using magnetic anisotropy and geophysical analysis. Generally the estimated geophysical data analysis (Bouguer and aeromagnetic) are well consistent with the AMS interpretations of this study. The results indicated that the directions of predominant faults and foliations are NW-SE (related to the Gulf of Suez and Red Sea rifting) which indicate that the main stress and tectonic trend is NE-SW, which is more predominant in southern Sinai region. Moreover, it is clear that, the studied area was affected also by less predominant sources trended in NE-SW direction, which related to the tectonic activity of Gulf of Aqaba. The least predominant is north 40°?C50° east that is probably due to the Syrian Arc system. Finally, our results are extremely coincided with the previous stress directions derived from geological, seismological and tectonic analysis in northern Red Sea rift, Gulf of Suez and Sinai regions.     

土屋、延东铜矿田综合信息预测模型

为开发区域物探、化探资料进行找矿靶区优选，选择土屋、延东铜矿作为建模矿田．在分析成矿地质背景、区域重力航磁地球化学特征的基础上，利用重力、航磁数据处理资料提取了深部线性构造和环型构造，结合铜元素等地球化学异常分布，指出土屋、延东斑岩铜矿田位于EW向区域性线性构造、近NS向、NW向、NE向隐伏线性构造和环型构造的交汇部位和铜高背景及局部异常区中，提出了斑岩型铜矿田预测模型和“三位一体”的找矿标志．     

福建东洋地区地球物理场特征

为了研究东洋地区深部地质结构,在福建东洋地区开展了综合地球物理勘查,对福建东洋地区地球物理场进行了分析,结合已有的地质资料,分析研究了区域地球物理场特征及区域深部地质结构特征.研究认为:福建东洋地区位于巨型环形构造外环带西南部,研究区处在东部沿海磁场剧烈变化带和西部内陆磁场相对平缓带的过渡区域,区域航磁ΔT异常以北东向条带状异常带为主,区内分布有2处剩余重力异常高;地球物理综合剖面范围被两条北西向深大断裂分割为3部分,结合区域地质特征,推断区域南部的浅层是一套推覆无根的变质岩系高阻体,深部为一套以中生代沉积岩石为主的低阻体,区域北部浅部主要为中生代沉积岩夹薄层火山岩组成的低阻体,深部为下古生代和元古界基底岩系共同反应的高阻体,区域中部是火山岩主要发育区.      

大比例尺重力调查与成矿预测：以江西朱溪钨矿外围为例

江西塔前-赋春成矿带近年发现了世界上最大的钨矿—朱溪钨铜矿。该矿床发育在富含钨铜元素的新元古代泥砂质岩基底之上,产在燕山期花岗岩与石炭纪-二叠纪灰岩接触带,阐明其覆盖区花岗岩与石炭纪-二叠纪灰岩的三维空间分布结构,是寻找该类矿床的关键问题。塔前-赋春成矿带控矿地层、花岗岩仅有微弱磁性,但是密度差异明显,这为本区开展重力工作提供了良好的前提。本文利用最新的1:5万重力调查成果,结合航磁建立了本区构造格架,使用重磁三维反演建模技术建立本区三维地质模型,取得了以下成果：（1）对区内控矿地层进行立体识别划分,推断了塔前-朱溪、双田-大游山和临港-乐河镇石炭-二叠系条带深部延展形态,推断红梅岭-排前村和刘家滩-珍珠山深部存在两条隐伏石炭-二叠系条带;（2）发现本区岩体具有环形重力低夹局部重力高的异常特征,结合磁法区分岩浆岩岩性,圈定了本区隐伏岩体;（3）根据朱溪钨铜多金属矿物化探异常特征,圈定了两类深部成矿有利靶区：一类位于地表出露石炭纪-二叠纪灰岩沿断裂延伸与隐伏岩体接触带;一类位于推断的隐伏石炭纪-二叠纪灰岩与隐伏岩体接触带。（4）塔前-赋春成矿带重力工作较少,通过分析本次重力调查成果,发现在地形复杂、具有明显密度差异的推覆构造发育地区开展1:5万重力调查可取得较好的勘查成果。重力调查工作成本低,工作周期短,在圈定的成矿有利靶区内开展大比例尺综合物化探异常查证和矿产调查工作,能有效提高矿产勘查效率;在地形、构造复杂地区推广应用1：5万重力调查并建立三维地质模型对开展深部找矿预测具有重要意义。     

重力方法在祁连山地区构造特征与岩体解释中的应用

依据地质、航磁等资料,结合实测岩石物性资料,以1∶250 000重力资料为基础对祁连山地区(张掖、刚察地区)进行综合研究。研究地质构造与地球物理特征,划分了大地构造单元,探讨了隐伏与半隐伏岩体分布。该区域经多年的重力工作,勘探面积已近3万多km²,根据重力资料研究布格重力场特征并进行分区; 对地质构造单元重新划分,对主要断裂进行探讨; 圈定隐伏与半隐伏岩体,推断其空间展布特征,并对其解释。结果表明: 祁连山地区地壳密度结构横向分区、纵向分层明显,布格重力异常场的分区特征与地质构造分区特征基本一致。结合2.5D重力剖面反演印证了新的推测结果,为综合地质、地球物理找矿提供参考。     

基于重磁联合反演的麻姑山地区深部地质结构解析研究

近年来,随着茶亭铜金矿床等多处新矿床被相继发现,南陵—宣城地区有望成为长江中下游成矿带的新矿集区。其南部的麻姑山地区发育有麻姑山铜矿床,但由于本区第四系地层覆盖面积大、地质勘探程度浅,其深部地质结构尚不清晰,影响了本区隐伏矿床地质找矿工作的深入开展。本文基于地球物理重、磁数据,以已知地质填图和勘探数据为约束,对麻姑山地区深部地质结构进行了2.5D联合反演和深入解析;同时,结合三维地质建模技术和三维地球物理正演方法对解译结果进行了修正和厘定。研究结果表明,三维地质建模技术和三维地球物理正演方法可为2.5D重磁联合反演结果提供修正依据和手段;解析结果能够较好的阐明麻姑山地区的深部地质结构,结合找矿预测条件,能够圈定隐伏找矿预测靶区,可进一步为找矿工作提供更多参考信息。     

Preliminary 3–D geological model of the Kalgoorlie region,Yilgarn Craton,Western Australia,based on deep seismic‐reflection and potential‐field data

The granite‐greenstone terranes of the Eastern Goldfields Province, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, are a major Australian and world gold and nickel source. The Kalgoorlie region, in particular, hosts several world‐class gold deposits. To attempt to understand why these deposits occur where they do, it is important to understand the crustal architecture in the region and how the major mineral systems operate in this architecture. One way to understand these relationships is to develop a detailed 3–D geological model for the region. The best method to map the 3–D geometry of major geological structures is by acquisition and interpretation of seismic‐reflection profiles. To contribute to this aim, a grid of deep seismic‐reflection traverses was acquired in 1999 to examine the 3–D geometry of the region in an area including the Kalgoorlie mineral region and mineral fields to the north and west. This grid was tied to the 1991 regional deep seismic traverse and 1997 high‐resolution seismic profiles in the same region. The grid covers an area measuring approximately 50 km wide by 50 km long and extended to a depth of approximately 50 km (below the base of the crust in this region). The resulting 3–D geological model was further constrained by both surface geological data and geophysical interpretations, with the seismic interpretations themselves also constrained by gravity and magnetic modelling. The 3–D model was used to investigate the geometric relationships between the major faults and shear zones in the area, the relationship between the granite‐greenstone succession and the basement, and the spatial relationships between the greenstones and the granites. Interpretation of the grid of seismic lines and construction of the 3–D geological model confirmed the existence of the detachment surface and led to the recognition that the granite‐greenstone contact usually occurs at a much shallower level than the detachment. Also, west‐dipping faults in the vicinity of the Golden Mile, including the Abattoir Shear through to Boulder‐Lefroy Fault, appear to be more important than previously thought in controlling the structure of that area. An antiformal thrust stack occurs beneath a triangle zone centred on the Golden Mile. The Black Flag Group was deposited in a probable extensional setting, and late extension was also probably more important than previously thought. The granite‐gneiss domes were uplifted by the formation of antiformal thrust stacks at depth beneath them.     

南岭成矿带多尺度重力场及深部构造特征

利用小波多尺度分解方法分离不同深源尺度花岗岩侵入体的重力异常信息, 结合视密度填图方法划分了5 km、15 km及25 km深花岗岩体分布特征, 并综合地震成像和大地电磁测深资料, 对南岭花岗岩侵入体的赋存侵位、诱发热源以及成因模式等问题进行初步探讨.研究结果表明, 以茶陵-郴州断裂为界, 区内重力场和岩体构造呈明显分区, 东南区岩体局部重力异常幅值较小, 地表出露岩体较薄, 岩浆沿着小通道上涌形成岩盖; 西北区岩体局部重力异常幅值较大, 侵位深度较深; 区内大多数岩体侵位深度不超过25 km; 深部地球物理资料还揭示诸广山和猫儿岭地区15~25 km附近存在大规模低密度、低速特征的陆壳重熔区; 诸广山地区上地幔顶部存在低速、低阻熔体特征的软流圈上涌通道, 推测来自软流圈的玄武岩浆底侵造成该区中下地壳岩石部分熔融, 并为其周围大规模成岩成矿提供热源和物质来源.