吉林省侏罗-白垩系界线暂行划分方案

依据叶肢介,介形虫两门类优势化石生物地层.全国地层委员会( 2001)将中国陆相侏罗系/白垩系界线确定在义县阶/大北沟阶.据此,结合我省已有生物地层学资料和已知同位素测年成果,提出省内各地区J/K界线暂行划分方案的建议:白城地区梅勒图组/白音高老组,松嫩平原区,沙河子组/火石岭组,吉中地区久大组/德仁组,延边地区老头沟...     

黔南三都丹寨地区奥陶纪锅塘组的再认识

三丹地区下奥陶统发育良好,包括了不同的沉积类型和生物种类.本文根据区域岩石地层特征重新厘定了锅塘组的含义,新建了三合镇组,明确了三合镇组为晚寒武世至早奥陶世的跨纪沉积的岩石地层单位,并将锅塘组划分为四个互为相变的岩性段,初步探讨了它们之间岩相及生物相的特征及其变化规律.     

江西省白垩纪茅店组、河口组及塘边组的建立

江西省白垩系分布广泛,发育良好,散布于大小30余个“红色盆地”中。因以往的划分以年代对比代替岩石对比,将不同的岩石组合划归同一地层单位,混淆了岩性岩相的一致性,同时也忽略了沉积盆地发生—发展—衰亡封闭演化之不同阶段所形成岩石组合及延伸变化。现根据岩石地层单位的含义和划分准则,进行了重新划分,将原赣州组、圭峰组均提升为群级单位,前者下部创建茅店组,后者下、中部分别创立河口组和塘边组。     

晋东北地区侏罗纪地层划分、时代重新厘定及其地质意义

利用地层序列中火山碎屑岩、凝灰岩及其火山岩锆石U-Pb同位素测年,对晋东北地区侏罗纪地层时代进行了重新厘定。取得了以下主要认识:(1)确认宁武—静乐盆地下侏罗统永定庄组的存在;(2)宁武—静乐盆地天池河组可以与鄂尔多斯盆地安定组相对比,归属于中侏罗统;(3)浑源盆地髫髻山组应归属于中侏罗统上部,该套火山岩地层在整个燕—辽地区具有穿时性;(4)广灵盆地中侏罗统窑坡组底部厚层砾岩的沉积时代可能与燕山造山带的南大岭组相当,应该属于早侏罗世至中侏罗世早期构造运动的产物。通过地层序列的重新厘定,确认了159.0~(152.77±0.63)Ma区域角度不整合的存在,该期构造运动可能与侏罗纪东亚大陆多向汇聚产生的远程效应有关。     

西藏北部班戈地层分区下白垩统郎山组、康曲组和余穷组地层层序研究

在西藏自治区北部区域地质调查过程中 ,在班戈地层分区的下白垩统郎山组之上发现一套厚约 180 0 m的滨海—浅海相碳酸盐岩、陆源细碎屑岩岩石组合 ,该套组合不属于郎山组定义之内 ,且出露良好、层序稳定、标志清楚、厚度巨大、化石丰富 ,并具有很强的可填图性。因此 ,我们将整合于郎山组之上 ,岩性以杂色微—薄层状钙质泥岩、钙质 (粉 )砂岩与泥质生物灰岩的韵律产出为特征 ,产圆笠虫、腹足类、双壳类等化石的地层命名为康曲组 ;将整合于康曲组之上 ,下部以灰—深灰色中薄层状泥质生物灰岩、圆笠虫泥晶灰岩、钙质泥岩等韵律出现为特征 ,上部以灰色中—厚层状含硅质结核圆笠虫泥晶灰岩、圆笠虫泥晶灰岩夹灰绿色薄层状钙质砂岩为特征 ,富含圆笠虫、腕足类、腹足类、双壳类及海胆等化石的地层定名为余穷组。时代均置于早白垩世晚期     

宜章县梅田的晚二叠世地层不宜采用“泡水组”之名

泡水组系杨逢清、殷鸿福1987年新建的岩石地层名称,命名地点在广西来宾县泡水,层位与长兴组相当,时代属晚二叠世晚期。杨逢清,殷鸿福将泡水组引用到湖南宜章梅田长兴阶的地层。根据岩性特征,笔者认为宜章梅田长兴阶的地层不能冠用泡水组,只能沿用梅田组、九陂组和麻田组。     

煤中显微组分的成烃演化实验

热解模拟实验揭示,镜质组的生烃作用与其起始成熟度有关,如果初次生烃中止,成熟度 (再次生烃起始成熟度)尚未超过生油高峰阶段 (R=0.9%),则再次生烃有可能显著提高煤的生烃潜量,且以起始成熟度在生烃高峰处的升高幅度为最大。在有机显微组分中:壳质组的生烃量最大,生烃范围最集中;镜质组次之;惰质组最少。      

第一届国际地球化学会议

第一届国际地球化学会议于1971年7月20—25日在莫斯科召开。会议分四个组:Ⅰ岩浆作用;Ⅱ热液作用;Ⅲ变质作用;Ⅳ沉积作用。整个会议期间听取了约250个报告。 岩浆作用组讨论了地壳、地慢和宇宙空间(包括熔融状态物质)的所有的地球化学作用。其中包括原生星云物质的物理化学演化理论,地球各深部带岩浆作用的物理化学问题,花岗岩成因问题.成矿作用与岩浆和变质作用的关系。     

江苏茅山地区新生代岩石地层层序

在野外调查和搜集资料的基础上,系统论述了江苏茅山地区瓣生代岩石地层层序,自下而上分为：古近系（下第三系）泰州组、阜宁组、戴南组、三垛组;新近系（上第三系）洞玄观组、雨花台组、方山组;第四系丫吉山组、中更新统、下罚组、全新统。     

江西省泥盆纪灵严寺组和麻山组的建立

江西省泥盆系，通过本次地层清理，新创建灵严寺组和麻山组。本文描述了这两个组的岩性、岩相特征及其分布情况。其时代分属于中泥盆世早期、晚泥盆世锡矿山期。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.