松辽盆地三台地区营城组珍珠岩地球化学特征及地质意义

松辽盆地东南缘的三台地区营城组火山岩分布广泛,其中一部分为珍珠岩。通过岩石薄片鉴定,挑选了三台地区北山上的6块珍珠岩样品,进行了主量元素、微量及稀土元素分析测试。珍珠岩的主量元素组成表明,它们与流纹岩成分相当,具有高SiO_2、较高(NaO_2+K_2O)、低TiO_2和低CaO含量,属于铝饱和-弱过饱和的钙碱性系列。稀土元素配分模式以轻稀土富集、Eu负异常强烈为特征。在不相容元素蛛网图上,珍珠岩相对于洋脊花岗岩总体上富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,而明显亏损高场强元素Sr、Nb、Y。在Nb-Y和Rb-(Y+Nb)判别图上,它们分别落入板内和火山弧区。这些结果显示,所研究的珍珠岩应为类似弧后盆地的引张环境。     

内蒙古阿拉善右旗杭嘎勒晚二叠世二长花岗岩 地球化学特征和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年

杭嘎勒晚二叠世二长花岗岩富碱,贫MgO、TFeO、CaO,轻稀土元素明显富集,具弱负Eu异常,显示I型花岗岩的特点。Nb、Sr 、P、Ti元素亏损,显示出与俯冲有关的侵入岩特征。在R1-R2图解上,大部分样品集中在碰撞前与碰撞后花岗岩区的分界处,以碰撞前为主;在Nb-Y图解上,样品落在火山弧-同碰撞花岗岩区;在Rb-（Y+Nb）图解上,样品点落在火山弧花岗岩区;在Rb-Hf-Ta图解上,样品全部落在弧系统岩石区。主体岩石中锆石Th/U值高,显示出岩浆锆石的特征,稀土元素总量高,重稀土元素富集明显,球粒陨石标准化图解曲线左倾,与岩浆锆石稀土元素配分曲线总体特征趋于一致。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明其年龄为（253.5±7.9）Ma。杭嘎勒晚二叠世二长花岗岩为碰撞前火山弧花岗岩,研究区在晚二叠世时属于活动大陆边缘的火山弧。     

内蒙古阿拉善右旗杭嘎勒晚二叠世二长花岗岩地球化学特征和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年

杭嘎勒晚二叠世二长花岗岩富碱,贫MgO、TFeO、CaO,轻稀土元素明显富集,具弱负Eu异常,显示I型花岗岩的特点。Nb、Sr、P、Ti元素亏损,显示出与俯冲有关的侵入岩特征。在R1-R2图解上,大部分样品集中在碰撞前与碰撞后花岗岩区的分界处,以碰撞前为主;在Nb-Y图解上,样品落在火山弧-同碰撞花岗岩区;在Rb-（Y＋Nb）图解上,样品点落在火山弧花岗岩区;在Rb-Hf-Ta图解上,样品全部落在弧系统岩石区。主体岩石中锆石Th/U值高,显示出岩浆锆石的特征,稀土元素总量高,重稀土元素富集明显,球粒陨石标准化图解曲线左倾,与岩浆锆石稀土元素配分曲线总体特征趋于一致。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明其年龄为（253.5±7.9）Ma。杭嘎勒晚二叠世二长花岗岩为碰撞前火山弧花岗岩,研究区在晚二叠世时属于活动大陆边缘的火山弧。     

内蒙古阿拉善右旗杭嘎勒晚二叠世闪长岩地球化学特征和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年

阿拉善右旗杭嘎勒地区晚三叠闪长岩轻稀土元素明显富集,大部分具正Eu异常,显示I型花岗岩的特点。Rb、Sr、Hf富集,而Nb、P、Ti亏损,显示出与俯冲有关的侵入岩特征。在R1-R2图解上,大部分样品集中在碰撞前花岗岩区;在Nb-Y图解上,样品落在火山弧-同碰撞花岗岩区;在Rb-(Y+Nb)图解上,样品点落在火山弧花岗岩区;在Rb-Hf-Ta图解上,样品全部落在弧系统岩石区。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明其年龄为(257.1±4.0)Ma。杭嘎勒晚二叠世闪长岩为碰撞前火山弧花岗岩,研究区在晚二叠世时属于活动大陆边缘的火山弧。     

安徽南部溪口岩群流纹岩地球化学特征及成因

溪口岩群流纹岩出露于安徽南部休宁一带,位于扬子地块东南部,江南造山带东段。文章通过研究溪口岩群流纹岩岩相学、主量元素、微量元素及稀土元素特征,探讨流纹岩的成因及其形成的构造环境。主量元素地球化学特征表明:该流纹岩高硅、高钠低钾、高铝、低MgO、CaO、TiO2和MnO,属于钙碱性系列过铝质流纹岩。微量及稀土元素地球化学特征表明:该流纹岩富集大离子亲石元素K和Rb,Ba、Sr、Sm和Ce相对亏损,高场强元素U明显富集,Nb、P、Zr和Hf相对亏损,Ti明显亏损。稀土元素总量∑REE为（25.11～54.51）×10﹣6,轻稀土元素相对富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,轻、重稀土元素分异明显,球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线明显右倾,Eu负异常明显。安徽南部溪口岩群流纹岩是洋壳局部重融的产物,形成于与同碰撞有关的火山弧构造环境。     

河南刘山岩铜锌矿区细碧-石英角斑质含矿火山岩系的构造环境

刘山岩铜锌矿含矿岩系属于早古生代二郎坪群海相细碧-石英角斑岩系。在SiO2-(K2O+Na2O)岩石分类图上,细碧岩属于玄武岩和粗面玄武岩,石英角斑岩和石英钠长斑岩属于酸性流纹岩类,岩石组合为双峰式类型。大多数细碧岩和超基性岩的FeO*/MgO比值为0.2～2.93。在SiO2-(FeO*/MgO)图解上,它们属于拉斑玄武岩和钙碱性系列。火山岩系的微量元素模式以亏损Rb,Th,Nb,Sr,P,Ti和富集Ba,K及LREE为特征。在微量元素构造判别图上,火山岩样品集中在火山岛弧和弧后盆地的范围内。该火山岩系底部超镁铁岩的REE分布模式为轻稀土富集型,有小的Eu正异常;细碧岩-石英角斑岩也是轻稀土强富集型,Ce和Eu有轻微的正异常;硅质岩也有Eu正异常,表明与火山喷发有关;本区硅质岩δCe值为0.87,显示不是深海硅质岩的特征。火山岩系的地球化学特征表明,其形成的大地构造环境为弧后盆地型。     

阿尔泰南缘早泥盆世康布铁堡组的SIMS锆石U-Pb年龄及其向东向北延伸的范围

麦兹火山-沉积盆地康布铁堡组的年龄及其东界,以及阿尔泰南缘早泥盆世火山活动往东往北延伸的范围仍然没有确定;康布铁堡组火山岩的源岩及其形成的构造环境还有待阐明。近年来在麦兹盆地东侧发现了萨吾斯铅锌矿床,矿床赋存于康布铁堡组火山岩,与别斯萨拉玢岩体密切有关。本研究对萨吾斯铅锌矿床的康布铁堡组流纹岩和别斯萨拉玢岩进行了SIMS锆石U-Pb定年以及主微量元素组成测定,以期回答上述问题。流纹岩锆石的18个靶点给出了一致的谐和年龄和加权平均年龄(401Ma);花岗闪长玢岩锆石的15个靶点给出了一致的谐和年龄和加权平均年龄(401Ma)。因此,萨吾斯铅锌矿床康布铁堡组流纹岩和别斯萨拉玢岩是同期喷发/侵入的;康布铁堡组火山活动的时代在早泥盆世;麦兹火山-沉积盆地的东界应抵达卡拉先格尔断裂西侧。在～400Ma时期,阿尔泰地区不仅存在着广泛的花岗岩类深成岩浆活动,也发生了强烈的酸性火山喷发,两者共同构成了阿尔泰南缘的大陆边缘岩浆弧。但是,火山喷发主要集中于阿尔泰南缘,受断裂控制。花岗闪长玢岩的一些锆石给出513.8Ma和3134Ma的U-Pb年龄,反映区内陆壳由寒武纪—奥陶纪岩石组成,并且还有前寒武纪微陆块。硅-碱、SiO_2-K_2O、logτ-logσ、SiO_2-FeO/(FeO+MgO)图以及构造环境判别图表明,萨吾斯铅锌矿床的流纹岩、凝灰岩、石英闪长玢岩-花岗闪长玢岩以及阿尔泰南缘早泥盆世康布铁堡组火山岩形成于活动大陆边缘或岛弧环境。康布铁堡组中下段细碧角斑岩在岛弧海底环境喷发,上段流纹岩喷发于大陆边缘环境。原始地幔标准化的多元素蛛网图表明,萨吾斯矿床的三类岩石具有明显的Nb、Ta、Ti和Sr、P、Ba负异常,显著富集Th、U、K、La、Ce、Pr、Zr、Hf。结合锆石U-Pb年龄,作者认为它们的源岩应以寒武纪-奥陶纪的岛弧岩石为主;同时,可能还含有一定比例的前寒武纪古老陆壳岩石。冲乎尔、克兰、麦兹三个火山-沉积盆地在所属构造单元、陆壳基底、火山岩岩石地球化学以及沉积岩的比例上都表现出系统变化,这些变异控制了阿尔泰南缘块状硫化物矿床从西部到中部到东部的成矿元素组合上的变化。     

宁夏西吉盆地花岗岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

对北祁连山东段宁夏西吉盆地花岗岩地球化学特征和U-Pb年龄进行研究,并与区域上中酸性岩体进行对比。西吉盆地花岗岩属高钾钙碱性系列,具有富钠、过铝质的特征,LREE/HREE=10.89~11.93,轻稀土元素相对富集,分馏明显,重稀土元素分馏不明显,具有陆缘弧岩石的特点。岩石负Eu异常不明显,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显(La_N/Yb_N=10.90~15.41)。在微量元素组成上,花岗岩富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、Pb、La,亏损Sr、Ta、Nb、Ce、Ti元素,Pr、Nd、Sm、Dy弱富集,曲线形态具有造山花岗岩的特征,并具有负Nb异常,属正常大陆弧花岗岩。西吉盆地花岗岩成因类型为Ⅰ型,形成于陆缘弧环境,为板块碰撞造山作用的产物,岩浆来源于下地壳的部分熔融。通过锆石U-Pb定年获得花岗岩结晶年龄为434.3±9.0Ma,为早志留世,属加里东期岩浆侵入活动的产物。西吉盆地花岗岩与北祁连造山带东段南华山—屈吴山一线的花岗闪长岩体及甘肃老虎山闪长岩体同属北祁连岩浆弧带,是同期岩浆活动的产物,与板块俯冲消减作用有关,间接证明了西吉盆地属于北祁连造山带。     

内蒙古阿拉善右旗杭嘎勒中二叠世石英闪长岩地球 化学特征和LA ICP MS锆石U Pb定年

杭嘎勒地区中二叠世石英闪长岩,轻重稀土分馏程度较强,无明显铕异常,稀土配分曲线为向右倾,属轻稀土富集型。中二叠世石英闪长岩显示了I型花岗岩的特点。中二叠世石英闪长岩表现出元素Th、Ta、Sr、Hf元素富集,而Nb、La、P元素亏损。AR-SiO2图解显示,主体与包体岩石虽同属钙碱性+拉斑玄武系列区,显示了同源岩浆演化的特点,在R1-R2图解上,大部分样品集中在碰撞前与碰撞后花岗岩区分界处,以碰撞前为主;在Nb-Y图解上,样品落在了火山弧-同碰撞花岗岩区;在Rb-Y+Nb图解上,样品落在了火山弧花岗岩区,反映石英闪长岩形成于板块边缘的岩浆弧环境。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明主体岩石年龄(266.4±3.7)Ma。杭嘎勒晚二叠世花岗闪长岩为碰撞前火山弧花岗岩,研究区在晚二叠世时属于活动大陆边缘的火山弧。     

新疆中天山南缘代京却可却花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征

中天山位于天山造山带核心部位,对研究中亚造山带西南段构造演化、块体起源和陆壳生长等具重要意义。围绕中天山代京却可却花岗岩进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年获得岩浆结晶年龄为(469.7±4.9)Ma,时代为中奥陶世。花岗岩SiO_2含量69.91%~74.4%,具低TiO_2(0.1%~0.27%)和高Al2O3(13.02%~13.68%)特征。轻重稀土元素分馏明显,富集轻稀土元素,Eu负异常(δEu=0.69~0.81)。岩石地球化学研究表明,花岗岩富集大离子亲石元素Th,Rb,K,亏损高场强元素Nb,Ta,Ti,P,具火山弧花岗岩特征。结合岩石锆石LA-ICP-MS定年结果及区域地质背景,认为代京却可却花岗岩可能是中天山南缘大洋俯冲消减作用产物,该区大洋俯冲消减至少在中奥陶世前开始。     

滇东南建水火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年、地球化学特征及地质意义

滇东南建水地区位于师宗-弥勒构造带的南段,区内出露一套玄武岩–安山岩–英安岩–流纹岩组合。研究这套火山岩的形成时间和形成环境对认识滇东南构造格局有着重要意义。本文首次对建水火山岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得两个样品的年龄分别为261.9±2.2 Ma(MSWD=0.80)、264.8±1.7 Ma(MSWD=1.12),属中二叠世晚期,代表建水火山岩的形成时间。建水玄武岩与安山岩具有低TiO_2含量(0.50%~0.88%)、高Mg~#(52.0~64.5)、弱富集LREE((La/Yb)_N=1.42~3.44)、富集LILE(Rb,Th,U,Pb)、轻微亏损HFSE(Nb,Ta,Ti)的特点,具典型岛弧玄武岩的特征;英安岩和流纹岩高ΣREE含量(139.5×10~(–6)~313.6×10~(–6))、富集LREE((La/Yb)N=4.16~9.78)和LILE(Rb,Ba,Th,U)、亏损HFSE(Nb,Ta)、强亏损Sr、Ti、Y等元素的特点与典型的岛弧流纹岩相似,但高钾(K_2O含量平均7.73%)、钙碱性(δ=0.93~2.94)、强过铝质(A/CNK=1.13~2.10)的特点使之区别于一般岛弧酸性火山岩,而具有一些上地壳部分熔融形成的S型花岗岩的特点。综合建水火山岩岩石组合、地球化学和区域地质背景,认为建水火山岩形成于活动大陆边缘的弧后盆地伸展环境,是地幔部分熔融形成的玄武质岩浆结晶分异与上地壳混染作用的共同结果,与滇桂交界处岛弧火山岩、两广交界处岛弧玄武岩等同为哀牢山洋向北俯冲的产物。     

内蒙古西乌旗晚石炭世–早二叠世伸展事件——来自大石寨组火山岩的证据

内蒙古西乌旗地区发育一套中酸性火山岩,空间展布特征显示其为大石寨组火山岩的西延部分。为查明该火山岩的形成时代及构造属性,对其进行了岩石学、年代学和岩石地球化学研究。研究结果表明该火山岩主要由安山岩及流纹岩组成。锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示其喷发时代为275~311 Ma,属晚石炭世–早二叠世。岩石地球化学特征表明中性岩富钙贫镁,富集LREE及K、Rb、Ba,亏损Nb、Ta,具有弱Eu异常,安山质岩浆可能是由基性岩浆分离结晶形成的,但在形成过程中受到了陆壳物质混染。酸性岩贫钙镁,富硅碱,具有显著的Eu负异常,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti,反映岩石成因与中下地壳的熔融及其后期的分离作用有关。在构造判别图解中,中性岩具有板内玄武岩特征,而酸性岩具有A2型花岗岩特征。结合区域已发表资料推断,西乌旗大石寨组火山岩形成于造山后伸展环境,暗示古亚洲洋至少在早二叠世之前已经闭合。     

新疆富蕴地区中泥盆统阿勒泰组喀腊曼哲火山岩地球化学特征及构造环境研究

通过野外调研和相关地球化学研究,表明出露于阿尔泰造山带南缘富蕴地区喀腊曼哲一带的中泥盆统阿勒泰组火山岩由玄武岩和流纹岩组成,为一套典型的双峰式火山岩组合。其中,玄武岩多变质为钠长阳起片岩、绿帘透闪片岩等,属拉斑玄武岩系列,低SiO2、K2O,高Ti,稀土配分曲线显示轻稀土略富集的平坦型,无明显Eu异常（SEu=0．92～1．08）,富Th、U等,Nb负异常;流纹岩属钙碱性系列,高SiO2,低K2O,为钠质型,稀土配分曲线显示Eu负异（dEu为0．29～0．58）的右倾型,富集Th、U、La、Ce和Hf,亏损Sr、Nb、Ta、Zr、P、Ti。二者地球化学特征存在明显差异,表明酸性火山岩并不是由基性岩浆分离结晶产生,而可能是与基性下地壳经不同程度的部分熔融有关;基性火山岩为经俯冲流体改造的亏损地幔部分熔融的产物。岩石地球化学分析结果虽然显示其兼具洋中脊和岛弧火山岩的地球化学特征,但结合区域地质背景,其可能并不是形成于弧后盆地环境,而是岛弧裂谷的产物,属于成熟岛弧。     

新疆阿尔泰南缘康布铁堡组钾-钠质流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学

阿尔泰南缘分布着大量的晚古生代康布铁堡组火山岩系,是许多铁矿、铜矿以及铅锌矿的赋矿围岩。阿尔泰南缘麦兹和克朗火山-沉积盆地内的钾-钠质流纹岩的年龄分别为396.7±1.4Ma和394.0±6.0Ma,结合近期研究成果,进一步表明阿尔泰南缘火山岩主要形成于晚古生代早期,锆石U-Pb年龄峰期在400Ma左右。钾-钠质流纹岩具有高硅(SiO₂的含量范围为73%~82%)、高碱(总碱含量介于4%~7%)和过铝质(高A/CNK值>1)的特征,并见有白云母和黑云母的矿物组合,属于高硅高碱过铝质的钙碱性火山岩。此外,它们的Sr和Nd同位素分别为⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.7074~0.7144,¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd=0.512072~0.512252,具有上地壳来源的特征,说明其岩石成因与初生地壳的部分熔融作用有着密切关系。结合区域地质背景分析,它们都产在与俯冲消减作用有关的陆缘岛弧的地质环境中。因此,我们推断本区钾-钠质流纹岩的原始岩浆为高硅高碱的花岗质岩浆,是由进入陆壳的高侵位玄武岩浆的底侵作用导致其上部地壳近固相线的低程度部分熔融的产物。     

阿尔泰造山带南缘昆格依特岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石成因及其地质意义

昆格依特岩体出露于阿尔泰造山带南缘青河县大青格里河昆格依特一带,主要为角闪黑云英云闪长岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,锆石的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄加权平均值为(403.4±7.4)Ma,表明该岩体形成于早泥盆世。岩体的SiO₂含量介于52.39%~71.89%之间,里特曼指数为0.68~1.53,A/CNK 值为0.76~1.06,属中钾、钙碱性、准铝质-弱过铝质岩石。具有富集Cs、Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Hf、Ti等高场强元素和重稀土元素,弱的负Eu异常(δEu=0.56~0.86)的岛弧岩浆岩特征。结合区域地质资料,认为阿尔泰造山带南缘早泥盆世昆格依特岩体形成于活动大陆边缘的陆缘弧构造环境,是古亚洲洋俯冲过程中幔源的基性岩浆底侵下地壳使之熔融,并发生了岩浆混合和分异作用的产物。     

Neoproterozoic Volcanic Rocks in the Southern Quruqtagh of Northwest China:Geochemistry,Zircon Geochronology and Tectonic Implications

The Early Neoproterozoic Beiyixi Formation volcanic rocks of the southern Quruqtagh comprise mainly of a suite of tholeiitic basalts,alkaline andesites,and calc-alkaline rhyolites.The rhyolites are characterized by variably fractionated enrichment in light rare earth elements（LREE） and flat in heavy rare earth elements（HREE）,and strongly negative Eu anomalies.Compared to the rhyolites,the andesites also exhibit enrichment in LREE and flat HREE（chondrite-normalized values of La/Yb,and La/Sm are 13.30-41.09,3.18-6.89 respectively）.Their rare earth element patterns display minor negative Eu anomalies.Both of them exhibit coherent patterns with strongly to moderately negative anomalies of Nb,Zr,Ti,and Hf on spider diagrams.Two rhyolite and one andesite magmatic zircons with defined oscillatory zoning yielded weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 743±7 Ma,741±2 Ma,and 727±4 Ma.These ages are interpreted to represent the timing of volcanic eruptions. According to geochemistry and rock type,these volcanic rocks formed within a continental island-arc environment following subduction of the oceanic crust during the Early Neoproterozoic period.     

Geochemistry of late Paleozoic mafic igneous rocks from the Kuerti area,Xinjiang, northwest China: implications for backarc mantle evolution

The composition of Kuerti mafic rocks in the Altay Mountains in northwest China ranges from highly geochemically depleted, with very low La, Ta and Nb and high ε_Nd(t) values, to slightly enriched, arc lava-like composition. They display flat to light rare earth element (REE)-depleted patterns and have variable depletions in high field-strength elements (HFSE). These mafic rocks were most probably derived from a variably depleted mantle source containing a subduction component beneath an ancient intra-oceanic backarc basin. Together with the slightly older arc volcanic rocks in the Altay region, the Kuerti mafic rocks display generally positive correlations of their key elemental ratios (e.g., Th/Nb, La/Yb and Th/Yb). These indicate that the more mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) component was contained in these magmas, the less arc component was present in their mantle source. Therefore, we propose a two-stage melting evolution model to interpret the compositional evolution of the Kuerti mafic rocks and associated arc volcanic rocks. First, arc basaltic melts were extracted from the hydrated arc mantle wedge beneath Kuerti, leaving behind a mantle source that is variably depleted in incompatible trace elements. Then, mafic rocks were erupted during seafloor spreading in the Kuerti backarc basin from the upwelling asthenospheric mantle. The variably depleted mantle source produced mafic rocks with composition ranging from arc lava-like to more geochemically depleted than MORB. The recognition of Kuerti mafic rocks as backarc basin basalts (BABB) is consistent with the proposed tectonic model that an active backarc basin–island arc system along the paleo-Asian ocean margin was formed in the Altay region during Devonian–Early Carboniferous. New data further indicate that the final orogenic event in the Altay Mountains, i.e. the collision of the north and south continental plates in the region, most probably took place in Late Carboniferous and Permian.     

新疆苏海图地区火山岩地球化学特征及构造环境分析

苏海图组火山岩发育自然铜矿化,具有从拉斑玄武岩系列向钙碱性玄武岩系列过渡的特点。依据地球化学特征,表明其TiO2含量较低(1%),玄武岩高的Al2O3含量、低的稀土含量,并且稀土元素曲线具有平缓型到轻稀土低度富集的特点。微量元素原始地幔标准化图解上,它们均富集大离子亲石因素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE),具有强的Nb和Ta的负异常,Ti的低负异常,以及P和Sm的低正异常。Zr/Nb值和Sm/Nd值接近MORB的范围,Th/Nb值大于0.11,Nb/Zr值小于0.04。以上这些特征均显示出典型岛弧岩浆的特点。所以,苏海图组火山岩为火山弧火山岩,其构造背景为大陆岛弧,源区可能为被流体或沉积物交待改造的亏损地幔。     

西准噶尔马拉苏早泥盆世火山岩LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb 年龄、地球化学特征及其大地构造意义

马拉苏地区早泥盆世地层为一套滨海—浅海相火山—沉积岩系,对其中的火山岩夹层进行锆石U-Pb同位素定年和岩石地球化学研究,定年结果显示有大量的新太古代和中新元古代锆石,表明该区存在古老的大陆地壳物质。火山岩样品SiO2含量为52.38%~69.6%,Na2O含量为2.80%~4.85%,K2O为0.16%~0.96%,TiO2为0.5%~1.96%,Al2O3为14.62%~18.18%,MgO（1.08%~5.75%）变化范围较大,Mg#值在22.92~38之间,具有高钠、低钾的特征,属于钙碱性、低钾拉斑系列。稀土元素总量∑REE=73×10-6~115×10-6,LREE/HREE值为2.66~3.25,具有明显的Eu负异常（0.83~0.92）。玄武安山岩样品相对富集K、Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,与典型火山弧玄武岩地球化学特征一致。英安斑岩样品也具有富集大离子亲石元素、亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素的特征,反映源区可能有较多壳源物质的加入,其稀土元素配分曲线和微量元素蛛网图与玄武安山岩相似,表明其可能为同源岩浆演化的产物。综合研究认为,这套火山岩具有岛弧火山岩特征,形成于板块俯冲拼贴过程中的岛弧环境。     

Neoproterozoic nascent island arc volcanism from the Nubian Shield of Egypt: Magma genesis and generation of continental crust in intra-oceanic arcs

The Neoproterozoic Wadi Ranga metavolcanic rocks, South Eastern Desert of Egypt, constitute a slightly metamorphosed bimodal sequence of low-K submarine tholeiitic mafic and felsic volcanic rocks. The mafic volcanic rocks are represented by massive and pillow flows and agglomerates, composed of porphyritic and aphyric basalts and basaltic andesites that are mostly amygdaloidal. The felsic volcanic rocks embrace porphyritic dacites and rhyolites and tuffs, which overlie the mafic volcanic rocks. The geochemical characteristics of Wadi Ranga volcanic rocks, especially a strong Nb depletion, indicate that they were formed from subduction-related melts. The clinopyroxene phenocrysts of basalts are more akin to those crystallizing from island-arc tholeiitic magmas. The tholeiitic nature of the Wadi Ranga volcanics as well as their LREE-depleted or nearly flat REE patterns and their low K₂O contents suggest that they were developed in an immature island arc setting. The subchondritic Nb/Ta ratios (with the lowest ratio reported for any arc rocks) and low Nb/Yb ratios indicate that the mantle source of the Wadi Ranga mafic volcanic rocks was more depleted than N-MORB-source mantle. Subduction signature was dominated by aqueous fluids derived from slab dehydration, whereas the role of subducted sediments in mantle-wedge metasomatization was subordinate, implying that the subduction system was sediment-starved and far from continental clastic input. The amount of slab-derived fluids was enough to produce hydrous magmas that follow the tholeiitic but not the calc-alkaline differentiation trend. With Mg# > 64, few samples of Wadi Ranga mafic volcanic rocks are similar to primitive arc magmas, whereas the other samples have clearly experienced considerable fractional crystallization.The low abundances of trace elements, together with low K₂O contents of the felsic metavolcanic rocks indicate that they were erupted in a primitive island arc setting. The felsic volcanic rocks are characterized by lower K/Rb ratios compared to the mafic volcanic rocks, higher trace element abundances (~ 2 to ~ 9 times basalt) on primitive arc basalt-normalized pattern and nearly flat chondrite-normalized REE patterns, which display a negative Eu anomaly. These features are largely consistent with fractional crystallization model for the origin of the felsic volcanic rocks. Moreover, SiO₂-REE variations for the Wadi Ranga volcanic rocks display steadily increasing LREE over the entire mafic to felsic range and enriched La abundances in the felsic lavas relative to the most mafic lavas, features which are consistent with production of the felsic volcanic rocks through fractional crystallization of basaltic melts. The relatively large volume of Wadi Ranga silicic volcanic rocks implies that significant volume of silicic magmas can be generated in immature island arcs by fractional crystallization and indicates the significant role of intra-oceanic arcs in the production of Neoproterozoic continental crust. We emphasize that the geochemical characteristics of these rocks such as their low LILE and nearly flat REE patterns can successfully discriminate them from other Egyptian Neoproterozoic felsic volcanic rocks, which have higher LILE, Zr and Nb and fractionated REE patterns.