The Ore-forming Fluid of the Gold Deposits of Muru Gold Belt in Eastern Shandong, China - a Case Study of Denggezhuang Gold Deposit

Abstract. Denggezhuang gold deposit is an epithermal gold‐quartz vein deposit in northern Muru gold belt, eastern Shandong, China. The deposit occurs in the NNE‐striking faults within the Mesozoic granite. The deposit consists of four major veins with a general NNE‐strike. Based on crosscutting relationships and mineral parageneses, the veins appear to have been formed during the same mineralization epochs, and are further divided into three stages: (1) massive barren quartz veins; (2) quartz‐sulfides veins; (3) late, pure quartz or calcite veinlets. Most gold mineralization is associated with the second stage. The early stage is characterized by quartz, and small amounts of ore minerals (pyrite), the second stage is characterized by large amounts of ore minerals. Fluid inclusions in vein quartz contain C‐H‐O fluids of variable compositions. Three main types of fluid inclusions are recognized at room temperature: type I, two‐phase, aqueous vapor and an aqueous liquid phase (L+V); type II, aqueous‐carbonic inclusions, a CC₂‐liquid with/without vapor and aqueous liquid (LCO₂+VCC₂+Laq.); type III, mono‐phase aqueous liquid (Laq.). Data from fluid inclusion distribution, microthermometry, and gas analysis indicate that fluids associated with Au mineralized quartz veins (stage 2) have moderate salinity ranging from 1.91 to 16.43 wt% NaCl equivalent (modeled salinity around 8–10 wt% NaCl equiv.). These veins formatted at temperatures from 80d? to 280d?C. Fluids associated with barren quartz veins (stage 3) have a low salinity of about 1.91 to 2.57 wt% NaCl equivalent and lower temperature. There is evidence of fluid immiscibility and boiling in ore‐forming stages. Stable isotope analyses of quartz indicate that the veins were deposited by waters with δ^O and δD values ranging from those of magmatic water to typical meteoric water. The gold metallogenesis of Muru gold belt has no relationship with the granite, and formed during the late stage of the crust thinning of North China.     

吉林荒沟山金矿床成矿流体特征

荒沟山金矿床为吉南老岭金-多金属成矿带内较具代表性矿床之一,产于元古宇老岭群珍珠门组地层之中,受韧性剪切带构造控制.按地质特征、矿物组合及矿脉之间的穿切关系,将荒沟山金矿床热液成矿作用划分为Ⅰ黄铁矿-毒砂-石英阶段和Ⅱ晚期辉锑矿-乳白色石英两个阶段.系统的流体包裹体岩相学及显微测温研究表明:Ⅰ阶段石英中发育含CO₂三相、碳质及气液两相3种类型的原生流体包裹体,成矿流体属不混溶的中低温、低盐度NaCl-H₂O-CO₂体系热液,在成矿过程中发生过不混溶作用而导致金等有用元素沉淀富集;Ⅱ阶段石英颗粒中主要发育气液两相包裹体,成矿流体属均匀的NaCl-H₂O体系热液.碳、氢、氧同位素研究表明,Ⅰ阶段成矿流体主要来源于岩浆热液,Ⅱ阶段流体除继承早阶段的热液外,还有大气降水的混入;δD和δ13C_V-PDB值分析结果证明两个成矿阶段流体均与地层发生过较强的水岩反应.矿床成因属于中温岩浆热液矿床.      

Characteristic Features of Tin–iron–copper Mineralization in the Anle-Huanggangliang Mining Area, Inner Mongolia, China

Abstract: The Anle Sn‐Cu and Huanggangliang Fe‐Sn deposits have been exploited in the Linxi district, which is located 165 km northwest of Chifeng City in northern China. In this study the formation mechanisms of the tin deposits in the Anle and Huanggangliang mining area were investigated to understand the mechanisms of tin mineralization in northern China. The veins of the Anle deposit are divided into cassiterite–quartz–chlorite veins, chalcopyrite‐bearing quartz veins, cassi–terite–chalcopyrite–bearing quartz veins and sphalerite‐quartz veins. The sequence of mineralization is tin mineralization (stage I), copper mineralization (stage II), and lead‐zinc mineralization (stage III). The Huanggangliang tin deposit consists of magnetite skarn orebodies and many cassiterite‐bearing feldspar–fluorite veins and veinlets cutting the magnetite orebodies. The fluid inclusions in quartz and fluorite in ores from the Anle and Huanggangliang tin deposits are divided into two‐phase fluid inclusions, vapor‐rich fluid inclusions and poly‐phase fluid inclusions. The final homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions of quartz in the ores of the Anle deposit and fluorite of tin‐bearing feldspar veins in the Huanggangliang tin deposit range from 195 to 425C and from 215 to 450C, respectively. The fluids responsible for the Anle and Huanggangliang tin deposits were of very high temperature and NaCl‐rich ones containing K, Ca, Al, Si, Ti, Fe and Cl in addition to ore metals such as Sn and Cu. The temperature and chemical composition of fluid in fluid inclusions of igneous rocks in the mining area are very similar to those of fluid in fluid inclusions in the ores of these deposits. The fluid for these ore deposits had a close relation with the fluid coexisting with melt of Late Jurassic granitic rocks in this mining area. Salinities of fluid inclusions from these ore deposits and granitic rocks in the mining area were estimated to range from 35 to 50 wt % NaCl equivalent. Based on arsenopy‐rite geothermometry and fluid inclusion studies, a fluid containing 40 wt% NaCl (eq.) could be formed by phase separation of fluid having 6 wt% NaCl (eq.) at a temperature of 420 to 500C and a pressure of 0.3 to 0.4 kb. The temperatures and pressures presented above indicate an NaCl‐rich magmatic fluid derived from granitic melt that had intruded into a shallow level of crust caused the Sn–Fe–Cu mineralization of the mining area. The geological relationship between these ore deposits and granitic bodies around the ore deposits, and the similarity of fluids forming these ore deposits and coexisting with granitic melt, suggest that these ore deposits were formed by the activity of fluid derived from granitic melt in Late Jurassic age.     

The Aitik Cu–Au–Ag deposit in northern Sweden: a product of high salinity fluids

The Aitik Cu–Au–Ag deposit is located in northern Sweden and is hosted by strongly deformed 1.9 Ga Svecofennian volcano-sedimentary rocks. The main copper mineralization, which occurs as disseminations and veinlets, is hosted by garnet–biotite schist. Subeconomic mineralization in the footwall to the ore is hosted by feldspar–biotite–amphibole gneiss and porphyritic quartz monzodiorite. The deposit has been affected by post-mineralization metamorphic and igneous activity. Fluid inclusions in six samples of copper-mineralized quartz veins record the presence of three different fluid populations. The main ore was deposited from an aqueous, highly saline (31–37 eq. wt% NaCl + CaCl₂) fluid. This fluid was trapped in inclusions intimately associated with the main chalcopyrite mineralization. Later bornite deposition took place from a less saline (18–27 eq. wt% NaCl + CaCl₂), aqueous fluid. A third fluid composed of almost pure CO₂, interacted with the copper-rich system during a post-ore event. The Aitik Cu–Au–Ag deposit shares some features with both porphyry-type and Fe-oxide–Cu–Au deposits. A high calcium content of the ore fluids, similar to other Cu–Au deposits in northern Scandinavia, suggests a contribution to the salinity of the mainly magmatic-hydrothermal fluids from evaporitic rocks in stratigraphically lower units.     

内蒙古维拉斯托锡多金属矿流体包裹体特征

大兴安岭锡矿带是中国北方唯一成型的锡多金属成矿带。新近发现的内蒙古维拉斯托锡多金属矿床位于大兴安岭南段,隶属中亚造山带东段的兴蒙造山带。该矿床为一典型的大型斑岩型热液脉型锡多金属矿床,矿区内锡矿化主要赋存于石英斑岩体顶部及其上部的石英脉中。矿床成矿阶段包括石英斑岩体内的滴状锡锌矿化阶段、石英斑岩体上部石英脉中的辉钼矿矿化阶段、石英锡石黑钨矿阶段和石英多金属硫化物阶段。流体包裹体研究结果显示：流体包裹体类型主要为气液两相包裹体,尤其是富液相包裹体,其次为含子矿物的三相包裹体。斑岩体内矿化阶段流体包裹体均一温度为324~333 ℃,盐度为6.5%~7.5% NaCleqv,密度为0.73~0.74 g/cm3;石英脉型矿化阶段包裹体均一温度为201~324 ℃,盐度为3.4%~9.9% NaCleqv,密度为0.73~0.92 g/cm3。包裹体显微测温分析结果显示该矿区成矿流体具有中高温、低盐度、中密度的特征。激光拉曼光谱分析表明,气液两相包裹体液相成分主要为H2O,气相成分主要有H2O、CO2和CH4。氢氧同位素研究结果表明该矿床石英斑岩体上部石英脉矿化阶段的成矿流体为岩浆水和大气降水混合来源,以岩浆水为主。岩浆流体与大气降水的混合以及流体演化中的降温过程是该矿床矿石沉淀的主要机制。     

Ore geology,fluid inclusions and O-S stable isotope characteristics of Shurab Sb-polymetallic vein deposit,eastern Iran

The Shurab Sb-polymetallic mineralization is a subvolcanic rock-hosted epithermal deposit and located in north Lut Block, eastern Iran. It is one of the most important deposits of the Iranian East Magmatic Assemblage (IEMA) in which numerous Middle-Cenozoic precious and base metals deposits occur. The main lithological units in the area are Paleogene subvolcanic intrusions and minor Jurassic sedimentary rocks. Mineralization occurs as veins in a series of NW-SE and E-W trending faults and fractures in the Eocene-Oligocene dacite and andesite subvolcanic rocks. Mineralization at the Shurab deposit can be subdivided into four stages: pre-ore stage, Cu-Zn-Pb ore stage, Sb-Ag ± As ore stage and post-ore stage. The total sulfide content of the veins in the area is variable, ranging from 1 to 50%, and is dominated by stibnite, chalcopyrite, galena, Fe-poor sphalerite and pyrite with minor chalcostibite, Ag-tetrahedrite and bournonite; gangue minerals are mainly quartz and calcite. Silicic, argillic, propylitic, and sericitic, are the most obvious wall rock alterations. Microthermometric measurements of primary liquid-rich fluid inclusions in quartz and sphalerite indicate that the veins were formed at temperatures between 115 and 290 °C from fluids with salinities between 0.7 and 16.2 wt% NaCl eq., suggesting an epithermal origin. The δ³⁴S values of pyrite, chalcopyrite and galena vary between -2.5 and 0.8‰, and δ¹⁸O values of quartz range between 12.5 and 14.8‰. It is inferred that the Shurab mineralization is of epithermal origin, related to an Eocene-Oligocene magmatic geothermal system involving fluids of magmatic and meteoric origin.     

内蒙古白乃庙矿田十四万金矿床流体包裹体研究

十四万金矿床是白乃庙矿田徐尼乌苏金矿化带内重要的石英脉型金矿,矿体产于EW向韧性剪切带的次级NE向断裂.成矿过程划分为3个阶段:早阶段形成无矿石英脉,石英遭受明显压应力作用,包裹体类型包括富水溶液型、富碳质型、纯碳质型,包裹体均一温度为260～420℃,平均盐度6.78%NaCl eqv;中阶段为硫化物-方解石-绿泥石-绢云母-细粒石英组合,充填早阶段石英的裂隙,未遭受明显应力作用,包裹体类型为富水溶液型和纯碳质型,包裹体均一温度为140～260℃,平均盐度7.22%NaCl eqv;晚阶段形成方解石脉,仅有富水溶液型包裹体,包裹体均一温度为140～180℃,平均盐度2.15%NaCl eqv.激光拉曼测试结果表明包裹体气相成份主要为CO_2、CH_4和少量N2.早阶段成矿流体为富碳质流体,成分为CH_4+CO_2+H_2O,中阶段流体为富水流体,成分为H_2O+CH_4,早、中阶段均发生了流体沸腾作用,早阶段强烈的沸腾作用使流体CO_2和CH_4含量降低,中阶段方解石沉淀使CO_2含量进一步降低,并导致了硫化物沉淀和金矿化.十四万金矿床流体包裹体特征、矿床地质特征均与造山型矿床一致,为造山型金矿,成矿流体可能源于徐尼乌苏组浅变质作用产生的变质流体,成矿构造背景可能为二叠纪末-三叠纪初华北板块与西伯利亚板块间的陆陆碰撞造山体制.     

Melt and fluid inclusions from volcanic quartz phenocrysts in the Shila gold / base metal ore district,Peru: precursors to ore‐forming epithermal solutions?

ABSTRACT Despite the close association with volcanic activity, the source of metals and ligands in the epithermal ore deposits is still controversial. In order to explore the magmatic–hydrothermal connection further, silicate melt, saline- and water-rich fluids, and CO₂ vapours are documented that are trapped as inclusions in quartz phenocrysts from dacitic dykes associated with epithermal gold/base metal mineralization in the Shila district (Peru). Melt inclusion characteristics, and microthermometric and laser Raman fluid inclusion data are presented. The investigation of melt and fluid inclusions reveals that the volatile phase of magmas might represent the precursors to the early chlorine-rich ore-forming epithermal solutions. Microthermometric investigations in magmatic quartz crystals and data on quartz mineralized veins suggest that the fluid evolution and ore deposition may be the result of several processes including: release of an evolving magmatic fluid, and/or boiling, and/or mixing.     

甘肃北山南金山金矿床矿床成因研究

南金山金矿床产于北山岛弧构造带内海相火山碎屑岩之中。矿床的岩矿石微量元素组合为Ba、La、Ce、Sr、Nd、Sm、Zr、Hf、Y等不相容元素,各类岩石样品的分布曲线非常相似,都具有明显的Pb正异常,表明有较多的地壳物质的加入,并有明显的La,Ce,Ti负异常。稀土总量∑REE(不包括叶蜡石)变化范围为(9.91~221.86)×10-6,其配分形式均为明显右倾曲线,轻、重稀土分馏,轻稀土相对富集而重稀土相对亏损。稀土总量较高,说明矿区内稀土元素在随岩浆迁移的过程中,上升到地壳时有一定的损失。矿物流体包裹体的均一温度、盐度、压力、气相成分等特征研究表明,南金山金矿床成矿流体以中低温,中低盐度,且有大量大气降水加入为特征,为典型的浅成中低温热液矿床。     

豫陕小秦岭脉状金矿床三期流体运移成矿作用

位于豫陕交界处的小秦岭脉状金矿是我国第二大黄金产出集中地。流体包裹体研究表明，脉状金矿床石英及碳酸盐矿物中流体包裹体主要有富CO2包裹体、CO2-H2O包裹体和H2O溶液包裹体等三种类型，各热液阶段形成的脉体内有不同的流体包裹体组合。脉状金矿体的形成经历了三期流体成矿作用，第一期形成乳白色石英大脉，它构成了矿脉的主体，流体的性质为富H2O热液，但无金的成矿；第二期(成矿期)流体为中低盐度CO2-H2O-NaCl热液，它叠加在了石英大脉之上，形成(块状)黄铁矿-浅色石英矿体和(网脉状)多金属硫化物-烟灰色石英矿体，成矿期内热液的温度、压力及流体组成的变化是金沉淀成矿的原因；第三期热液又转成低盐度的富水流体，形成石英-碳酸盐脉体，金矿化微弱。     

云南普朗斑岩型铜矿床成矿流体特征及矿床成因

普朗铜矿床为滇西北地区一超大型斑岩型铜多金属矿床,它产于印支晚期石英闪长玢岩-石英二长斑岩-花岗闪长斑岩复式侵入体内,已有研究表明其形成于印支期。本次流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温及碳、氢、氧同位素综合研究表明:黄铜矿±黄铁矿-石英脉石英中主要发育含NaCl子矿物三相、气液两相及富气相3种类型的包裹体,成矿流体属中高温、高盐度(w(NaCl))NaCl-H₂O热液体系,来源于印支晚期岩浆活动;辉钼矿±黄铜矿-石英脉石英中发育含NaCl子矿物三相、气液两相及含CO₂ 3种类型的包裹体,成矿流体属中高温、高盐度NaCl-CO₂-H₂O热液体系,推测来源于后期岩浆活动;晚期黄铜矿±辉钼矿-方解石脉中主要发育气液两相包裹体,成矿流体为中低温、低盐度NaCl-H₂O热液体系,系NaCl-CO₂-H₂O型成矿流体演化产物。据此,结合区域广泛叠加发育燕山期斑岩钼矿化成矿背景,提出普朗超大型斑岩矿床可能存在燕山期Mo、Cu成矿作用叠加的认识。     

山东邹平火山岩地区铜矿床成矿流体的形成、演化及成矿

邹平地区与火山岩浆热液作用有关的铜矿床主要可划分为2种类型：一类为斑岩-火山角砾岩型,另一类为浅成低温热液型;代表性矿床分别为王家庄斑岩一火山角砾岩型铜（钼）矿床和南洞子浅成低温热液型铜（金）矿床。流体包裹体研究表明：王家庄铜（钼）矿床成矿流体的均一化温度和盐度偏高,出现了富气相的两相水溶液包裹体、富液相的两相水溶液包裹体和含子晶的三相水溶液包裹体共存现象,加温后,富气相包裹体均一到气相,同期富液相包裹体均一到液相的特征,这表明成矿流体在形成和演化过程中曾发生过沸腾作用。南洞子铜（金）矿床成矿流体均一温度和盐度偏低,以上3种包裹体共存的现象不明显,说明成矿流体在形成和演化过程中沸腾作用不强。上述2类矿床矿化脉石英中的δ^18OH2O-δD投影点飘离岩浆水范围,参照流体包裹体研究结果,证明邹平地区与火山岩浆热8液作用有关的铜矿成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水,后期混人大气降水。相比之下,浅成低温热液铜矿成矿流体中的大气降水混入量多。     

大兴安岭北段旁开门金(银)矿床地球化学特征及成因

旁开门金(银)矿床地处爱辉—呼玛成矿带,矿床主体赋存于侏罗系甘河组火山岩中,矿体主要以脉状形式产出,严格受硅化角砾岩带控制。区内甘河组玄武安山岩、安山岩、流纹岩属过铝高钾钙碱性系列,玄武岩和石英斑岩属过铝质钾玄系列,它们均来源于地幔岩浆,为同源岩浆分异的产物。矿石中流体包裹体发育较差,以气液两相包裹体为主,仅见少量含子矿物三相包裹体。气液两相包裹体均一温度为268.8～331.6℃,盐度(w(NaCl))为8.67%～13.11%,含子矿物三相包裹体均一温度为288.8～313.3℃,盐度为37.32%～39.23%;表明成矿流体为中温、中—高盐度的热液体系。根据流体包裹体氢、氧同位素分析结果推断其为岩浆流体与大气降水混合热液。矿床形成于早白垩世由挤压转变为伸展环境,成矿物质来源于深部岩浆及火山岩地层,成矿温度为中温,成矿深度属浅成,其成因类型为浅成中温热液矿床。     

冀北东坪金矿床深部-外围的构造-蚀变-流体成矿研究

冀北东坪金矿田是我国首次在碱性杂岩体内发现的金矿床,曾被认为是与碱性岩有关的金矿床。近年来年代学数据表明,东坪-后沟一带金矿的赋矿碱性杂岩体形成于海西期,而成矿却主要发生在燕山期。金矿床严格受构造裂隙控制,构造-蚀变-流体成矿作用显著,钾长石化是最重要的蚀变。由未蚀变岩石向矿体和断裂带中心方向,典型的构造-蚀变-矿化分带依次为:0-原岩(二长岩、正长岩)带,I-微斜长石化带,II硅化绢云母化微斜长石岩带,III碎裂微斜长石岩带,及IV断层泥。从0带到III带,Au含量增加,Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo也略有增加。东坪金矿构造-蚀变-矿化阶段可分为4个:Ⅰ钾长石-石英脉阶段;Ⅱ黄铁矿-白色石英阶段;Ⅲ多金属硫化物-烟灰色石英脉阶段;Ⅳ晚期碳酸盐阶段。深部中段各阶段脉石英的流体包裹体研究表明, 在I、II、III阶段均发育富CO₂包裹体。第Ⅰ阶段钾长石石英脉L-V型包裹体均一温度(Th)为220.3~359℃,盐度1.1%~3.1% NaCleqv;H₂O-CO₂型包裹体Th在346.5~383.5℃。第Ⅱ阶段黄铁矿白色石英脉中L-V型包裹体Th范围是217.2~372.5℃,盐度在1.1%~5.7% NaCleqv;H₂O-CO₂型包裹体Th在241.2~396.7℃,盐度为2.2%~6.2% NaCleqv。第Ⅲ阶段的烟灰色石英脉中L-V型包裹体Th范围为158.2~350.5℃,盐度在0.7%~5.5% NaCleqv;H₂O-CO₂型包裹体Th范围在215.2~378℃之间,盐度范围在3.0%~6.0% NaCleqv。第Ⅳ阶段晚期石英脉L-V型包裹体Th范围为151.2~249.8℃,盐度在0.9%~8.3% NaCleqv。矿区外围转枝莲矿段的II阶段白色石英脉中包裹体的Th范围为220~416.2℃,III阶段烟灰色石英脉的Th范围为195.3~425℃。富金石英脉形成于中高温(＞300℃,可达400℃以上)、中深压力(70~160MPa以上)条件下。其成矿背景、热液蚀变、矿物共生组合及流体性质与典型的造山型金矿有一定的差别,归属于"与侵入岩有关的金矿床"更合理。     

柴北缘阿日特克山斑岩型铜钼矿床流体包裹体、稳定同位素特征及其地质意义

阿日特克山铜钼矿床位于柴北缘中北段,为近年来新发现的隐伏斑岩型矿床,矿体产出于海西晚期—印支期花岗闪长（斑）岩和古元古代达肯大坂岩群接触部位。为探讨该矿床成矿流体特征和成矿机制,本文对矿床野外地质特征、流体包裹体及稳定同位素组成进行了系统的研究。根据不同类型矿脉之间的相互关系,可将热液成矿期次划分为成矿早期石英阶段、成矿期辉钼矿-多金属硫化物-石英阶段和成矿晚期石英-方解石阶段。流体包裹体岩相学研究表明,阿日特克山铜钼矿床流体包裹体以Ⅰ型（富液相L+V两相水溶液包裹体）、Ⅱ型（富气相L+V两相水溶液包裹体）和Ⅲ型（含子矿物三相水溶液包裹体）为主。显微测温及包裹体拉曼光谱分析结果显示,成矿流体体系为中高温、中低盐度、中高密度的NaCl-H₂O体系,至成矿晚期,流体性质变化为低温、低盐度、高密度流体,矿床形成深度为0.40~4.00 km。氢氧同位素分析测试结果显示,δD_V-SMOW值为-92.9‰~-78.4‰,δ¹⁸O_H2O值为-7.4‰~2.0‰,表明成矿流体以混合流体为主,随着成矿流体的演化,有更多的大气降水不断混入。矿石中金属硫化物δ³⁴S值处于9.4‰~11.7‰之间,平均值为10.2‰,表现出明显的地层硫特征,为岩浆热液与围岩地层相互作用所致。综上认为,阿日特克山铜钼矿床为矽卡岩型-斑岩型矿床,形成于海西晚期—印支期俯冲碰撞构造环境,混合成矿流体强烈的不混溶作用为斑岩型铜钼矿床形成的主要机制。     

吉林小西南岔金-铜矿床成矿流体地球化学特征及矿床成因研究

小西南岔金-铜矿床产于海西期花岗闪长岩-石英闪长岩体之中,其矿化类型以石英大脉及石英细脉带型金-铜矿化为主,局部地段叠加发育有石英脉型辉钼矿化。流体包裹体研究结果表明,矿区金-铜矿脉及辉钼矿脉石英中均主要发育含NaCl子矿物三相、气相-富气相及气液两相三种类型的原生流体包裹体,同类包裹体均一温度、盐度等参数相近,显示两类矿化成矿流体具有相似的地球化学性质,氢-氧同位素研究结果反映它们均主要来源于岩浆热液。辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年研究表明区内辉钼矿化主要发生于109Ma±,而金-铜矿脉石英的40Ar-39Ar同位素定年结果表明金-铜矿化则主要发生于123.35±0.8Ma。结合矿区已有的岩浆岩年代学研究成果,提出小西南岔矿区金-铜矿化主要与燕山晚期细粒(花岗)闪长岩活动有关,而辉钼矿化则与其后侵位的隐伏花岗斑岩活动有关的认识。     

山东莱西山后金矿床流体包裹体特征

根据山后金矿床的矿物组合和矿物生成顺序,将成矿阶段划分为4个阶段:黄铁矿-石英(钾化)阶段、石英—黄铁矿(绢英岩化)阶段、金-石英-多金属硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段。对区内主成矿阶段的石英中流体包裹体进行岩相学、显微测温及氢氧同位素进行分析。结果表明:矿石中的包裹体主要有含CO2三相包裹体、气液两相包裹体和CO2包裹体三种类型,矿石中的包裹体普遍富含CO2。成矿过程中,流体经历了CO2-H2O—Na Cl体系的不混溶作用。成矿流体具有低盐度(4.0~9.0 wt%Na Cl.eqv)和低密度(0.70~0.89 g/cm3)的特点。主成矿温度为260℃~300℃,成矿压力为83~100 MPa,对应成矿深度为7.45~8.25 km。流体包裹体氢氧同位素分析结果介于地幔初生水和岩浆水之间,部分向大气降水线方向漂移,表明山后金矿成矿流体以幔源流体为主,并有大气降水和其他流体的加入,初步确定山后金矿床是受断裂构造控制的中温热液脉型金矿床。     

新疆尼勒克县加曼特金矿床地质及流体包裹体研究

新疆尼勒克县加曼特金矿床产于下石炭统大哈拉军山组的一套中酸性火山岩中,矿体受火山-次火山机构控制,呈脉状、透镜状产出。流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温及激光拉曼显微探针分析表明:流体包裹体为气液两相或纯液相的水溶液,属NaCl-H2O体系;均一温度主要集中在180～260℃,盐度为在(0.2～12.5)wt%NaCl.eqv,密度为0.49～0.97 g/cm3,表现为低温、低盐度、低密度的特点。因此,加曼特金矿的矿床地质和成矿流体特征总体属于中低温热液脉状矿床,可能属于斑岩型与浅成低温热液型之间的过渡型。     

川西北马脑壳金矿床成矿流体地球化学特征与性质

马脑壳金矿床是20世纪80年代末期在川西北地区发现的一大型微细浸染型矿床，它赋存于中三叠统扎尕山组地层之中，矿体产出受北西向次级断裂构造的控制。矿床的形成经历了成矿前金初步富集、热液成矿作用－原生矿石形成及麦生氧化－金次生再富集第三期主要成矿作用过程。热液金成矿作用可进一步划分为（1）黄铁矿－毒砂－石英；（Ⅱ）石英－（白钨矿）－辉锑矿；（Ⅲ）石英－雄（雌）黄及（Ⅳ）石英－方解石等4个矿化阶段，其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段为金的主要沉淀富成矿阶段。系统的流体包裹体研究表明，成矿前（Ⅰ′）及热液成矿Ⅰ－Ⅳ阶段石英中共发育液相、纯液相、含CO2三相、富CO2相及含有机质等5种类型的原生流体包裹体。测温结果显示，Ⅰ′及Ⅰ-Ⅳ类石英中液相及含CO2三相包裹体均一温度为120－300℃，热液盐度为0．5％－11．0％；包裹体成分分析结果表明，热液阳离子以Na^ 、K^ 及Ca^2 为主，阴离子主要为HCO3^-及CI^-，气相组分除H2O外，尚含一定量的CO2及CH4等；热液pH值为6．7－72，Eh值为－0．85～0.69eV；成矿热液总体属中低温、低盐度、近中性和弱还原性的含有机质Na^ -K^ -Ca^2 -HCO3^--CI^-体系类型。H、O同位素研究结果表明，成矿前热液主要来源于变质水和地层建造水，成矿期以来大气降水不断 混入并逐步占据优势。主成矿阶段成矿热液发生过明显的注体混合相分离作用，对金的沉淀富集成矿起了重要作用。     

吉林延边五凤金矿地质特征及矿床成因

五凤金矿床是位于延边地区的浅成低温热液金矿床。矿脉的产出受不同方向断裂构造控制,主要分布于碱长花岗岩、角闪安山岩等侵入体及地层之中。研究表明,热液金矿化可分为石英--冰长石--方解石阶段,石英--方解石1阶段,石英--方解石2阶段及方解石阶段4个阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,研究区主成矿阶段石英中主要发育气液两相流体包裹体;其均一温度范围为129.8℃~236.5℃,峰值区间为190℃~220℃,盐度w(NaCl)为0.83%~1.98%。成矿流体为低温、低盐度的NaCl--H2O体系热液。氢氧同位素研究结果表明,五凤金矿床成矿流体为岩浆热液与大气降水的混合流体,矿床属浅成低温热液成因类型。