皖中浮槎山地区北将军(岩)组的确定及其意义

皖中浮槎山地区南延部分以大黄山一带为代表，出露一套基本未变质地层，据岩石组合、变质程度、微古化石等特征综合分析，认为其应为北将军(岩)组，可与张八岭地区的北将军(岩)组进行对比，进一步将其分为两个(岩)段：下(岩)段为碳酸盐岩，上(岩)段为碎屑岩。     

郯庐断裂皖中段的韧性活动特征

揭示了皖中浮槎山地区郯庐断裂的韧性活动以产生大规模的韧性剪切带为特征,构造岩为各类糜棱岩,并造成浮槎山的变质变形地质休呈由剪切带围限的透镜状夹块格局,为带逆冲性质的左行平移剪切,形成时代为Ｊ１－２     

郯庐断裂带肥东韧性剪切带的变形规律同位素年龄及其构造意义

郯庐断裂带肥东韧性剪切带的几何学形态为一正花状左行平移断裂带，目前出露的为该韧性剪切带的根部，具有典型的深层次左行走滑变形特征，肥东韧性剪切带中糜棱岩，超糜棱岩测得的^40Ar/^39Ar全岩年龄分别为120.48Ma和118.75Ma，说明郯庐断裂带的大规模左行平移时代为早白垩世，对该带构造变形和构造叠加的研究表明，肥东浮槎山一带是被郯庐断裂带截切，牵引，叠加，改造的印支期大别一胶南造山带的残块，郯庐断裂带与大别-胶南造山带是不同时期，不同构造系统的产物，前者属于滨太平洋构造系统，后者属于特提斯构造系统。     

确定变形温度和应变速率分形法的探讨——以郯庐断裂浮槎山构造岩为例

本文首次将分形法引入到对郯庐断裂浮槎山构造岩的分析上,经研究发现,郯庐断裂肥东浮槎山韧性剪切带构造岩动态重结晶石英颗粒边界具有统计意义上的自相似性和明显的分形特征。利用“周长-直径法”得出,随着样品糜棱岩化程度的增强,分维值逐渐增大,依次为1.204、1.213、1.222、1.229,动态重结晶石英颗粒粒径逐渐变小,依次相应为33.79μm、26.00μm、22.82μm、15.01μm,利用两种不同的求算方法进行比较分析,得出应变速率值逐渐增大,依次相应为4.837×10-13s-1、7.688×10-13s-1、9.682×10-13s-1、2.031×10-12s-1。研究区的岩石变形环境达到高绿片岩-低角闪岩相,形成温度为500℃左右。Kruhl温度计适用于该地区;而Takahashi应变速率计不适合自然界较深层次形成的韧性剪切带。     

采煤扰动对土壤理化性状影响及微生物群落响应机制

采煤造成黄河流域一带生态环境问题日趋严重。为了探明采煤扰动对黄河流域一带土壤因子及微生物群落的扰动特征,阐明采煤沉陷边缘区域与未开采区域土壤微生物群落的差异性,以内蒙古上湾煤矿为研究区,选择以沉陷边缘区作为起始区域(HD),向未开采区进行等距取样。选择距沉陷边缘区150(D1)、300(D2)、450(D3)、600(D4)及750 m(D5)作为采样点,测定营养指标、土壤酶及土壤C∶N∶P化学计量特征3种土壤因子和微生物群落特征。结果表明,边缘沉陷区与未开采区土壤因子及微生物多样性的差异主要集中在距边缘沉陷区较近(小于300 m)的未开采区。在靠近边缘沉陷区,全氮、土壤有机质含量以及细菌丰度产生不同程度下降,速效钾、碳氮比(C/N)、蔗糖酶及磷酸酶活性有不同程度上升。群落组成方面,酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)相对丰度在未开采区随距离呈现先增大后降低趋势,绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)表现为边缘沉陷区高于未开采区;Phaeosphaeriaceae、毛壳菌科(Chaetomiaceae)相对丰度表现为边缘沉陷区显著高于未开采区。研究发现,边缘沉陷区对未开采区的影响主要集中...     

兰坪中新生代沉积盆地模拟与流体势

本文利用沉积盆地模拟技术对兰坪地区中新生代的古水动力场进行了详细研究，结果表明盆地晚白垩世地下水是由中、西部向南部一带流动，流速约为1．85mm/a-2.93mm/a，平均2．24mm/a。由北部的相对高势区和中西部的相对高势区向金顶－马登一带的相对低势区流动，流速约为1．64mm/a－2.38mm/a，平均2．01mm/a，至古新世，水头增高，水头差90m。到始新世平均流速较古新世时稍有增大，为16．12mm/a－20.90mm/a。云龙组单元的水动力面貌基本雷同于上白垩统。古新世、水头值约0．3m-2.0m。地下水令在盆地西偏北部一带形成一小块相对高势区，并向四周的相对低势区流动，其流速较缓，约为0．65mm/a-1.72mm/a。以始新世，由于金顶一带其相关的渗透系数仍很大（约0.2mm/a-34.16mm/a。综上所述，兰坪盆地上白垩统和云龙组单元水势分布及水动力场面貌同古构造的发展关系密切，金顶－一带则正位于该低势区内，这就为含矿物质的水溶液的运移，聚集提供了良好的构造和水动力条件。     

构造岩体积应变率与质量迁移率关系分析——以郯庐断裂长英质构造岩为例

构造岩质量迁移率与体积应变率关系的研究，是对经典构造岩石学领域的拓展和补充，具有广泛的理论和经济地质应用前景。利用质量等比线的原理、方法，对郯庐断裂浮槎山构造岩进行分析得知，在原岩变形变质为构造岩的过程中，     

皖中浮槎山地区变质表壳岩系的岩层序列

在对皖中浮槎山地区中深变质岩系解体的基础上,据岩性特征、岩石组合、空间分布、相互叠置关系及原岩建造等特征,对变质表壳岩系进行岩层层序划分,分为新太古代-古元古代阚集(岩)群和古元古代肥东(岩)群,并进一步划分了(岩)组、(岩)段.     

安徽巢湖马家凹铁金矿化特征与找矿前景

马家凹矿区区域上位于郯庐断裂带内,矿区出露地层为浮槎山岩组、大横山岩组、双山岩组、西冷岩组以及第四系,岩浆岩发育,构造变形强烈,主要构造变形为韧性剪切带,呈北东向展布。文章通过分析区域地质背景和矿区地质特征,结合钻探和槽探采集样品并分析结果,研究发现马家凹矿区铁矿化带3条,金银矿化带3条,因此该区具有良好的铁金找矿前景。     

贵州流长勘查区龙潭组可采煤层煤质特征分析

流长勘查区含煤地层为龙潭组,含可采煤层4层,编号为6、8、9、13号煤层,各可采煤层均属高硫、特低挥发分、中高固定碳、低磷、低氯、一级含砷、中高发热量煤;工艺性能具有高热稳定性、极易至中等可磨、较低至中等软化温度灰、中等流动温度灰、弱还原性、中等结渣的特征。此外,当浮煤灰分为10%时,6号煤层为极难选煤;当浮煤灰分为13%时,6号煤层为易选煤。通过对贵州流长勘查区龙潭组煤岩的研究,查明了区内煤层煤质特征,为区内煤层的对比、煤炭资源的开发利用提供了地质依据。     

Magnetotelluric Investigation of the Hydrothermal System and Heat Source in the Muine-Toyoha Geothermal Area, Hokkaido, Japan

Abstract. Magnetotelluric (MT) surveys were carried out around the Muine volcano, Hokkaido, Japan, where it is expected that the heat and metal source forming the polymetallic Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu-In Toyoha deposit is present at depth. Measurements were performed at 20 sites, 18 of which were located along a WSW-ENE profile traversing the north ridge of Mt. Muine. A resistivity model obtained from 2D inversion of the MT data shows subsurface specific conductive and resistive features. Conductive layers are present at the surface of Mt. Muine. The low resistivity is probably due to the clay-rich rocks associated with the hydrothermal alteration. A high resistivity layer, which corresponds to the pre-Tertiary Usubetsu Formation, crops out east of Mt. Muine and dips westward. At the west foot of Mt. Muine, relatively high resistive layers are widely exposed. The resistivity increases with depth and exceeds 1000 ohm-m. This fact indicates that this region is not influenced by the recent hydrothermal activity. An extremely conductive zone about 3–6 km wide and 6–9 km thick exists at a depth of 2 km below Mt. Muine. This zone mostly corresponds to an elastic wave attenuation zone detected by a seismic survey. It is interpreted as a large hydrothermal reservoir or melted magma, which is a heat source of the hydrothermal system in this area.     

Deformation of host rocks and stratiform mineralization in the Hilton Mine area,Mt Isa

The Hilton deposit is a deformed and metamorphosed Proterozoic stratiform Pb‐Zn‐Ag‐Cu deposit hosted by dolomitic and carbonaceous sediments of the Urquhart Shale of the Mt Isa Group. Rocks in the Hilton area show a history of folding and faulting which spans the time range recognized elsewhere in the Western Succession of the Mt Isa Inlier, though the effects of relatively late and brittle deformation are more pronounced in the Hilton area. The Hilton area shows intense faulting relative to similar rocks to the south in the Mt Isa‐Hilton belt. Faulting in the Hilton area has generally resulted in east‐west shortening and extension in both north‐south and vertical directions. This relatively intense late strain is attributed to the geometry of the Paroo Fault Zone, a major north‐trending zone that bounds the Hilton area to the west, and the Sybella Batholith, which formed a relatively rigid indenter during late deformation in the Hilton area. The structural history of the Hilton area is broadly consistent with ongoing east‐west shortening during progressive uplift from mainly ductile to more brittle conditions. Based on these observations, thinning of the Mt Isa Group which was previously attributed to synsedimentary faulting, can now be shown to be related to heterogeneous strain during late faulting. Sulphide layers show a history of folding which is similar to that of the surrounding rocks. Pyrite which is paragenetically associated with mineralization is overprinted by a bedding‐parallel foliation which predates all other structures in the area. This suggests that stratiform sulphide mineralization in the Hilton area predates deformation. Deformation has affected the Hilton orebodies at all scales. Changes in thickness and ‘fault windows’ in the orebody interval occur on the scale of the entire deposit. Mesoscopic ore thickness changes are often clearly related to extensional and contractional structures within sulphide layers. These macroscopic and mesoscopic ore‐thickness variations are spatially associated with cross‐cutting brittle faults, suggesting that strain incompatibility between brittle host rocks and more ductile ore layers played a major role in the present geometry and thickness of sulphide ores at Hilton.     

Cenozoic Volcanism and Intraplate Subduction at the Northern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau

Developed in the Mt.Kunlun orogenic belt at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is an active Cenozoic volcanic zone which is more than 1000km in length and some ten to hundred kilometers in width.It extends east-westwards and is roughly parallet to the strike of Mt.Kunlun.The Cenozoic volcanic rocks are divided into the northern(N-)and southern(S-)subzones.Eruptions of volcanic lavas in the S-subzone are related to an initial rift zone within the north Qiangtang terrane,but the volcanic rocks in the N-subzone are relatively close to the contact zone between the Mt.Kunlun and the Tarim terrane.The space-time distribution,petrological and geochemical features can be explained by a model of southward intraplate subduction of the Tarim terrane.     

Volcanic Risk Assessment and Mapping in the Vesuvian Area Using GIS

This paper assesses the risk to people and property from lava flow hazard in the Vesuvian area of Italy using a Geographical Information System (GIS). The intense urbanisation and dense population near Mt. Vesuvius make the area very hazardous. Due to the large amount of available data, GIS is an essential tool to facilitate risk evaluation and constant monitoring of the zone. This analysis is based mainly on a lava flow hazard map of Mt. Vesuvius, determined from volcanic activity between 1631 and 1944. A land-use zonation map of the area was created in order to show areal distribution of the resources, built-up centres and population. For each of the 17 municipalities in the area, demographic and urban data were entered into the GIS database and linked to each appropriate geographic unit in order to create a set of reference maps at the 1:50 000 scale. The lava flow hazard map was overlain on the land use map, and spatial and numerical information of risk were extracted from the resulting maps.     

中国中东部平原及周边地区土壤有机碳分布与变化趋势研究

依据多目标区域地球化学调查数据对比研究中国中东部地区土壤有机碳分布与变化特征。中东部平原及周边地区河北、河南、湖北、湖南、广东与海南等6省经黄河、长江纵贯南北,由较高纬度带到较低纬度带,跨越温带、亚热带和热带地区的截然不同的自然景观,调查面积约33.4万km2,表层土壤(0～0.2m)碳储量为906.84Mt,平均碳密度为2 716.93t/km2。连接更高纬度带的东北平原土壤碳密度,中东部地区由高纬度带至低纬度带碳密度呈现高低高低的规律性变化,即3 327.8t/km2(东北平原)2 207.39、2 421.02t/km2(河北、河南)3 442.15、3 942.92t/km2(湖北、湖南)2 255.90、2 936.72t/km2(广东、海南)。不同生态系统碳密度均值比研究发现,由高纬度带至低纬度带农田与城市系统均值比呈反向变化,农田趋高,城市趋低。与第二次土壤普查相比,中东部地区20年期间土壤有机碳总计增加115.18Mt,占14.5%,年均增加5.76Mt。但有机碳增加比例极不平衡,由高纬度带至低纬度带增加比例及变化速率呈显著降低趋势乃至负增长。其中农田、城市系统变化比例呈现增长,呈下降趋势的由大至小为潮间带、河流、湖泊、草原、森林及沼泽等。     

PRESENT LANDFORMS, ACTIVE TECTONIC ZONES, DEEP STRUCTURES AND UPLIFT MECHANISMS OF THE LONGSHOUSHAN BLOCK ON THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU

PRESENT LANDFORMS, ACTIVE TECTONIC ZONES, DEEP STRUCTURES AND UPLIFT MECHANISMS OF THE LONGSHOUSHAN BLOCK ON THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU     

Blind reverse faulting system associated with the Mont Chenoua-Tipaza earthquake of 29 October 1989 (north-central Algeria)

A shallow and damaging earthquake struck the region of Tipaza located on the coast, 70 km to the west of Algiers (north-central Algeria). The main shock was felt as far as 200 km from the epicentral area and particularly in the urbanized zone of Algiers. The main shock epicentre determined by CRAAG is on Mt Chenoua, close to the coastline. Coseismic surface breaks with 4.0 km of fault length and 7.0 cm of vertical displacement appeared on the southern side of Mt Chenoua. They consist of cracks and fissures on vertical bedding planes that belong to a Neogene flexure. The aftershock activity was recorded for several weeks and comprised more than 100 seismic events per day, with 1 < M < 5. Aftershocks are distributed in a ENE-WSW to NE-SW zone extending offshore. A NW-SE cross-section indicates that seismic events affect the crust to a maximum depth of 20 km, showing a complex fault-plane geometry dipping to the NW. For the main shock, the focal mechanism solution obtained from the readings of first motion polarities of seismograms yields an ENE-WSW reverse fault dipping to the NNW, which is in good agreement with both field observations and the aftershock distribution at depth.
The occurrence of the Mt Chenoua-Tipaza moderate-sized event in a previously identified active zone improves the seismotectonic characterization of this part of the Tellan Atlas mountains. This thrust and fold geological domain also shows active folds capable of producing larger earthquakes. Since only a small portion of the Sahel anticline ridge has been reactivated, a serious seismic hazard must be urgently recognized in the Algiers region.     

The Mount Saddleback bauxite deposit, southwestern Australia

Bauxite within the laterite horizon was first identified as being of economic significance in the Mt. Saddleback area of Western Australia in the 1960's. The Mt. Saddleback bauxite is derived from a mafic volcanic (greenstone) parent material and has high Fe and low silica contents compared with other bauxite in the region. It occurs as two distinct lithological units, a hard, massive, Fe-rich layer (hardcap) overlying a more friable, nodular earthy horizon (B zone). The bauxite averages 6 m in thickness and is underlain by a deep clay horizon. The major minerals of the bauxite are gibbsite, goethite and hematite with kaolin increasing with depth towards the base of the B zone. Minor components are quartz and anatase with traces of corundum, boehmite and maghemite in hardcap.     

High pressure-temperature studies on an olivine tholeiite and a tholeiitic picrite from the pavagarh region,Gujarat, India

Experimental studies have been performed on an olivine tholeiite and tholeiitic picrite at pressure and temperature ranges of 20–40 kb and 1200–1300°C. The lower and upper limits of basalt-eclogite transition zone for tholeiitic picrite are 23 kb and 31·67 kb at 1200°C, and 24·67 kb and 33·67 kb at 1300°C, whereas for olivine tholeiite, these are 27 kb and 32·33 kb at 1200°C, and 28·70 kb and 33·70 kb at 1300°C. While the assemblages for both samples below the transition region are Pl+Px+Mt, they are Pl+Gt+Px+Mt within it. The eclogite field has Gt+Px+Mt. The ratio of garnet to plagioclase increases from the transition zone to the eclogite field and with the disappearance of plagioclase, the percentage of garnet increases to 30 in the eclogite field. Comparison of our results with previous studies on basalt-eclogite transition shows that the transition zone found by us occurs at higher pressure-temperature conditions. Seismic studies of the region below the Deccan Traps show an increase in velocity (1–4%) at depth. It is suggested that after partial melting, during ascent of the basaltic liquid, a significant portion of it crystallizes within the upper mantle as pockets of eclogite. As eclogite is more dense than peridotite, their presence should cause a similar increase in the seismic velocity below the Deccan area.     

贵州省黔西县龙场煤矿南回风立井地面预注浆工程得失探讨

龙场煤矿南回风井采用立井开拓方式,设计直径φ5.5m,掘深268m。根据井检施工报告,揭露断层破碎带一处,含水层3段,预计涌水量37m^3/h。按照立井施工规范,必须进行预注浆处理。为此,设计共分三个层序,每层序各3孔共9孔（其中最后层序3个孔为检验加强孔）。因业主不同意施工第三层序孔,预注浆处理后井筒涌水量将近10m^3/h,但仍未达到全井少于6m^3/h的目的,以致未达到设计目的,增加了施工难度,延缓了工期。本文就注浆施工从设计到施工进行剖析,指出施工中的得失,对类似工程有指导作用。