不同类型热液金矿系统的流体包裹体特征

针对当前一些文献未能较好解释包裹体研究结果的科学涵义,甚至出现矿床地质描述与流体包裹体研究结果自相矛盾的现象,本文试图以金矿床为例,建立科学而简便易行的矿床地质与包裹体特征之间的链接.为此,本文简单评述了现有金矿床成因分类方案(表1),建议以主导成矿系统发育的地质作用特征划分5种类型:①浆控高温热液型,包括斑岩型、爆破角砾岩型、铁氧化物型、夕卡岩型等岩浆热液型矿床;②造山型,即变质热液型;③浅成低温热液型--陆相火山岩-次火山岩中的改造热液型;④微细粒浸染型(卡林型或/类卡林型)--沉积岩容矿的改造热液型;⑤热水沉积型(VMS型和SEDEX型)--水下喷出地表的改造热液型'VMS型和SEDEX型.指出了各类矿床成矿构造模型(图1)     

云南者桑卡林型金矿成矿流体特征及其对Au成矿的指示意义

为探讨者桑金矿床的成矿流体特征、Au的沉淀机制及基性岩浆活动与Au成矿的关系,对该矿床热液成矿期的流体包裹体进行了显微测温研究,并对热液矿物进行了H、O、C同位素分析。结果表明,矿床中包裹体有气液H_2O、CO_2-H_2O和纯CO_2包裹体3种类型,成矿流体温度从早阶段到晚阶段逐渐降低、主成矿阶段盐度高于早晚两个阶段;热液成矿期早阶段成矿流体以岩浆水为主,主成矿阶段为岩浆水和大气降水混合,成矿晚阶段以大气降水为主;成矿晚阶段热液方解石中的碳质主要来自幔源碳的低温蚀变。研究认为,者桑金矿床成矿流体为岩浆水和大气降水的混合流体,Au的沉淀与NaCl-H_2O-CO_2流体不混溶作用密切相关,基性岩浆侵入活动为成矿流体提供热源、H_2O、CO_2和Au。     

内蒙古白乃庙矿田十四万金矿床流体包裹体研究

十四万金矿床是白乃庙矿田徐尼乌苏金矿化带内重要的石英脉型金矿,矿体产于EW向韧性剪切带的次级NE向断裂.成矿过程划分为3个阶段:早阶段形成无矿石英脉,石英遭受明显压应力作用,包裹体类型包括富水溶液型、富碳质型、纯碳质型,包裹体均一温度为260～420℃,平均盐度6.78%NaCl eqv;中阶段为硫化物-方解石-绿泥石-绢云母-细粒石英组合,充填早阶段石英的裂隙,未遭受明显应力作用,包裹体类型为富水溶液型和纯碳质型,包裹体均一温度为140～260℃,平均盐度7.22%NaCl eqv;晚阶段形成方解石脉,仅有富水溶液型包裹体,包裹体均一温度为140～180℃,平均盐度2.15%NaCl eqv.激光拉曼测试结果表明包裹体气相成份主要为CO_2、CH_4和少量N2.早阶段成矿流体为富碳质流体,成分为CH_4+CO_2+H_2O,中阶段流体为富水流体,成分为H_2O+CH_4,早、中阶段均发生了流体沸腾作用,早阶段强烈的沸腾作用使流体CO_2和CH_4含量降低,中阶段方解石沉淀使CO_2含量进一步降低,并导致了硫化物沉淀和金矿化.十四万金矿床流体包裹体特征、矿床地质特征均与造山型矿床一致,为造山型金矿,成矿流体可能源于徐尼乌苏组浅变质作用产生的变质流体,成矿构造背景可能为二叠纪末-三叠纪初华北板块与西伯利亚板块间的陆陆碰撞造山体制.     

广西五圩矿田箭猪坡铅锌锑多金属矿床成矿流体特征及特富矿体形成分析

箭猪坡矿床是广西丹池成矿带南段五圩矿田中最大的Pb-Zn-Sb多金属矿床。矿床主要由早阶段特富大脉状闪锌矿-脆硫锑铅矿矿化和晚阶段脆硫锑铅矿-闪锌矿-碳酸盐-石英脉状矿化组成。本文分析了箭猪坡矿床两种不同矿化类型石英、闪锌矿中的流体包裹体特征、均一温度及盐度,探讨特富矿体形成的控制因素。两种矿化类型包裹体主要由含CO_2包裹体和水溶液包裹体组成。早阶段特富大脉状矿化流体包裹体均一温度为120~290℃,集中在220~290℃之间,盐度为3.6%~13.6%。晚阶段脉状矿化流体包裹体均一温度为150~350℃,集中在240~310℃之间,盐度为1.4%~12.0%。富CO_2成矿流体主要来自变质、有机质中低温热降解、有机质还原、岩浆出溶及夕卡岩化。箭猪坡矿化产于泥盆系破碎带中,晚于华南地区变质作用;矿床成矿温度(220~310℃)远大于有机物热降解释放大量CO_2的温度(约150℃);矿床深部发育Sn矿化,表明成矿流体具还原性,不太可能含有大量而区内非夕卡岩化岩浆热液矿床成矿热液只含有少量CO_2。因此,初步认为箭猪坡矿床富CO_2流体主要与深部夕卡岩化作用有关,成矿流体主要来源于岩浆热液。成矿流体含少量甲烷、沥青质等有机质,表明成矿过程有盆地卤水混入。早阶段特富矿体成矿流体在温度–盐度图上显示中高温中高盐度和低温低盐度流体混合特征,而晚阶段脉状矿化成矿流体温度–盐度分布较为分散,暗示晚阶段脉状矿化成矿过程主要经历了冷却降温,流体混合较弱。这表明成矿流体大规模混合是形成特富矿体的关键控制因素。依据富CO_2流体可能主要来源于深部夕卡岩化作用,初步推测五圩矿田深部有寻找夕卡岩型矿床良好前景。     

新疆西天山托克赛铅锌矿床叠加成矿作用——来自流体包裹体及H-O同位素的制约

托克赛中型铅锌矿位于西天山成矿带赛里木微地块。矿床成矿过程划分为喷流沉积、变质改造和岩浆热液3个时期。喷流沉积期具典型SEDEX矿床特征,"岩控性"与"层控性"明显,成矿流体以海水为主;变质改造期发育富液相包裹体,包裹体均一温度210℃～271℃,w(NaCleq)为12.7%～13.6%,成矿流体主要来源于变质热液;岩浆热液期发育富气相、富液相和含子矿物包裹体,包裹体均一温度190℃～341℃、w(NaCleq)为4.8%～40.8%,成矿流体主要为岩浆水与大气水的混合。矿床的矿源层形成于古元古代的海底喷流沉积环境,后期经历了变质改造和岩浆热液叠加成矿作用。     

福建德化地区东洋浅成热液金矿床成矿作用与成因研究

为揭示福建德化东洋金矿床的成因,进行了矿床地质、流体包裹体和氢-氧、硫、铅同位素的系统研究。结果显示成矿流体接近于大气降水;硫元素具有深源硫的特征;铅同位素表明成矿物质来源于古老下地壳。综合研究结果表明该矿床的初始成矿流体为中高温、低密度、低盐度的岩浆热液,沸腾作用以及大气水混合是成矿物质卸载的主要因素,矿床成因属于与次火山岩岩浆作用有关的浅成热液低硫化型金矿床。     

丫他金矿床流体来源及演化:流体包裹体和稳定同位素证据

为探讨丫他金矿床成矿流体的特征和矿床成因,对热液成矿阶段中石英中的流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温、激光拉曼分析以及H、O同位素研究。结果表明,丫他金矿床中存在H_2O包裹体、CO_2-H_2O包裹体和CO_2包裹体三类流体包裹体;其中同一阶段同一视域中富H_2O相CO_2-H_2O包裹体在加热中完全均一到H_2O相,以及富CO_2相CO_2-H_2O包裹体完全均一到CO_2相,它们的均一温度和形成压力基本一致,说明同时捕获了富CO_2和富H_2O两种流体;流体包裹体的H、O同位素组成特征显示,成矿流体主要来源为大气降水或与大气降水有关的盆地流体;热液成矿阶段流体发生相分离,CO_2-H_2O不混溶作用导致热液中Au的溶解度迅速降低并沉淀形成矿床。     

河南老湾金矿床成矿流体性质与同位素地球化学示踪

老湾金矿床是河南桐柏地区典型的剪切带型金矿床。流体包裹体特征显示成矿流体为中低温、低盐度的含CO_2的K~+-Na~+-Cl~-SO_4~(2-)体系;氢氧同位素研究结果显示矿床成矿早期阶段以岩浆水为主要成矿热液来源,成矿晚期阶段以大气降水为主要热液来源:矿石铅同位素特征显示成矿物质源区与龟山岩组、老湾花岗岩有亲缘关系,且与花岗岩接近,显示其深源特征,进一步提供了成矿流体岩浆成因的证据。     

陕西铜厂铜金多金属矿床地质特征及成矿流体地球化学

铜厂铜-金多金属矿床是勉略阳成矿区中铜厂矿田的典型代表.在研究矿床地质特征的基础上.其成矿过程可划分为气成热液期和改造热液期.改造热液期可划分为黄铁矿-毒砂-方解石-石英阶段、多金属硫化物阶段及黄铁矿-碳酸盐-石英阶段。特别是产于闪长岩体中北东向的片理化带的Cu-Au-(Co)石英-碳酸盐矿体.金属矿化出现水平分带现象:从东到西大致依次出现Cu、Co-Cu(Au)、Cu、Au-Au矿化和构造地球化学异常:矿物发育4种类型的包裹体:液体包裹体、纯液体包裹体、气体包裹体、含液相CO_2多相包裹体,以前两者包裹体最为发育:中低温、中压、中等氧逸度和近中性的成矿流体条件有利于热液改造型矿床的形成:成矿流体来源于改造水和岩浆水及变质水.从改造热液期的早阶段到晚阶段.改造水越来越占优势.该矿床为中低温改造型热液矿床。     

辽南隈子金矿成矿地质特征及成因讨论

隈子金矿床与辽河群盖县组合金硅质体关系密切，硅质体属于变质分异而成。矿床成因类型为变质－岩浆热液叠加改造型。矿床的形成过程可分为三大阶段：原始分散型矿源体阶段、变质再生型矿源体阶段、岩浆热液叠加改造型成矿阶段。辽南大多数金矿床的形成过程与隈子金矿相似。初步建立了这类与变质－岩浆作用有关的系列金矿床成矿模式。     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of     

OCEANOGRAPHY & MARINE GEOLOGY

正20140582 Fang Xisheng(Key Lab.of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology,First Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,Qingdao 266061,China);Shi Xuefa Mineralogy of Surface Sediment in the Eastern Area off the Ryukyu Islands and Its Geological Significance(Marine Geology Quaternary Geology,ISSN0256-1492,CN37     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141810 Bian Yumei(Geological Environmental Monitoring Center of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110032,China);Zhang Jing Zoning Haicheng,Liaoning Province,by GeoHazard Risk and Geo-Hazard Assessment(Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,ISSN1006-4362,CN51-1467/P,24(3),2013,p.5-9,2 illus.,tables,refs.)