广西德保铜-锡矿床氧化带砷酸盐矿物组合特征及其成因的初步研究

笔者通过对广西德保铜-锡矿床氧化带次生矿物的研究,发现了14种砷酸盐矿物,其中多数为国内首次发现。这些砷酸盐矿物主要是铜的砷酸盐矿物,次为铜和铅的砷酸盐矿物,还有少量铁、铅、钡的砷酸盐矿物。根据这些矿物的共生组合关系,把它们划分为如下组合系列:(1)光线石-橄榄铜矿-墨绿砷铜石-羟砷铜石-德保石-硅砷铜石组合;(2)臭葱石-砷铅铁矿-砷菱铅矾-乳砷铅铜石-砷铜铅石组合;(3)臭葱石-含钡毒铁石-绿砷钡铁石组合。砷酸盐矿物一般形成于温湿多雨的热带—亚热带、pH为6—8,并有大量毒砂和碳酸盐岩存在的硫化物矿床氧化带中。     

广西德保铜锡矿床氧化带产出的砷酸盐矿物

广西德保矿区是我国最重要的砷酸盐矿物产区，已发现有17种砷酸盐矿物，其中钡毒铁石，砷铜矾等12种为在国内首次发现，文中提供了其中一些重要新发现矿物较详细的矿物学数据，初步阐述了该类矿物在德保铜锡矿床氧化带的共生组合特性，指出该类矿物是矽卡岩型铜－锡矿床以及铜铅锌等多金属硫化物矿床的重要找矿标志。     

在广西德保发现的砷铜铅石

砷铜铅石(Duftite)在1920年首次发现于西南非,其后在墨西哥、美国等地亦有发现。该矿物在我国仅见有简单的报导。1984年笔者在广西德保矿区发现了该种矿物,并进行了矿物学的研究。 一、产状及其共(伴)生矿物 广西德保矿床属矽卡岩型铜—锡矿床,该矿床的铁帽氧化带比较发育,并且在氧化带中发育有多种砷酸盐矿物。砷铜铅石即产在氧化铜矿石中,与孔雀石、硅孔雀石呈互层的皮壳状产出,或产于臭葱石和砷菱铅矾的集合体的晶洞中。共(伴)生矿物有乳砷铅铜石、砷     

新矿物（2001．1-2001．12）

本文以表格的形式列出了经国际矿物学协会(IMA)新矿物与矿物命名委员会(CNMMN)批准、并于2001年度在各国刊物上正式发表的35种新矿物,其中硅酸盐包括水硅钡石、羟氟碳硅钛铁钡钠石、氯碳硅铁钡石、硅铁锶镧钠石、氯碳硅钡石、钾菱沸石、水硅锆钠石、斜方硅钠钡钛镧石、铈鲍利雅科夫矿、硅锆钛锶石、锶杆沸石、钒电气石;砷酸盐包括砷钠铜石、羟砷铅钴石、羟硅砷铁石、羟砷铁铜钙石、羟砷钙镍石、赛羟砷铜石;碳酸盐包括单斜羟碳汞石、羟碳铀石;硫酸盐包括羟硼钙矾石、铊明矾、斜方钒矾;硼酸盐包括氯硼锶钙石、硼铯铝铍石;钒酸盐包括水镁钒石;草酸盐包括水氯草酸钙石;磷酸盐包括羟碳磷铝钙石;硝酸盐包括单斜铜硝石;硫化物包括密硫铑矿、硫钙水铬矿;硫盐包括硫铋铜铅矿;氢氧化物包括羟铁镁锑锌矿、羟氯铬镁石;单质互化物包括副斜方砷。文中表格依次列出了矿物的中外文名称及化学式、晶系及晶胞参数、主要粉晶数据、物理性质、光学性质、产状及共生(伴生)组合等。     

广西北部矽卡岩锡矿床氧化带中的砷酸盐矿物

过去对硫化矿床氧化带的次生富集矿物及钒类矿物研究较多,对砷酸盐矿物研究较少,尤其对氧化铜矿石和褐铁矿石中的砷赋存状态研究更少。经过几年的努力,我们在住北矽卡岩锡矿床氧化带中共发现16种砷酸盐矿物,其中一种定名为德保石(待审批的新矿物);一种是有疑义的矿物——硅砷铜石(?);其余为:光线石[Cu_3(AsO_4)(OH)_3]、橄榄铜矿[Cu_2(AsO_4)(OH)]、墨绿砷铜石[Cu_5(AsO_4)_2(OH)_4H_2O]、羟砷铜石[Cu_5(AsO_4)_2(OH)_4H_2O]、砷钙铜石[CaCu(AsO_4)     

在我国南方矽卡岩锡矿床氧化带中新发现十六种砷酸盐矿物

矽卡岩锡矿床往往发育有铜、锌、铅硫化物,並常以含多量的毒砂为特征。华南地处亚热带,温暖潮湿多雨的气候条件有利于硫化物的氧化並形成盐类矿物。过去对硫化矿床氧化带的次生富集矿物及矾类矿物研究较多,对砷酸盐矿物的研究较少,尤其对氧化铜矿石和褐铁矿石中砷的赋存状态研究更少。由于矿石中砷的赋存状态不明而使许多氧化铜矿石和褐铁矿石无法利用。经过几年的努力,我们在矽卡岩锡矿床氧化带共发现十六种砷酸盐矿物,其     

绿砷钡铁石在广西的发现

本文研究了在广西德保铜锡矿床氧带化中发现的绿砷钡铁石,给出了它的物理性质、化学成分和晶胞参数等矿物学数据。     

绿钡铁石在广西的发现

本文研究了在广西德保铜锡矿床氧带化中发现的绿砷钡铁石，给出了它的物理性质、化学成分和晶胞参数等矿物学数据。     

硫化物硫床氧化带砷酸盐矿物的地质找矿意义

砷酸盐矿物是主要产出于硫化物矿床氧化带中的次生矿物,在自然界中已发现２５０多种,我国目前仅发现该类矿物３８种。砷酸盐矿物的生成与原生矿石的矿物成分及其数量、气候条件和介质条件等因素密切相关。毒砂及含砷矿物和黄铜矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、方铅 １、闪锌矿等硫化物的大理存在是形成砷酸盐酸物的物质基础。该类矿物一般多形成于温湿多雨的热带－亚热带气候区域和放围岩为碳酸盐岩的生－中性的介质环境中。     

青海玛温根矿区氧化铅银矿工艺矿物学特性及分析研究

结合光学显微镜鉴定、扫描电镜、X射线能谱探针、筛析等技术手段,系统研究了青海省玛温根矿区产出的有代表性的氧化铅矿石的工艺矿物学特征。结果表明:矿石主要有价元素是Pb(2. 76%)和Ag(204. 4×10-6);矿石中铅的赋存状态较复杂,主要赋存于铅铁矾等难溶铅中,其次赋存于氧化铅、硫酸铅中,矿石中的铅矿物主要是铅矾、白铅矿、砷铅铁矾,少量方铅矿、砷铅矿等;银的赋存状态亦较为复杂,独立银矿物为硫铜银矿,含量甚微,部分银呈类质同像赋存于其他的金属硫化物中。通过偏光显微镜和扫描电镜分析发现,主要的铅矿物如铅矾、白铅矿等相互交代连生现象明显,且嵌布粒度细小,这与筛析检测结果相一致,同时矿石中As含量较高,达到了5. 43%,含砷矿物主要为毒砂、臭葱石,经X射线能谱分析,部分铅矿物与砷元素关系密切,并形成了砷铅铁矾、砷铅矿等复杂砷铅矿物。所以预测在选矿过程中,砷会随铅矿物同步富集,银的独立银矿物主要是硫铜银矿,且嵌布粒度微细,大部分银矿物以微细粒包裹态赋存于石英、褐铁矿等硅酸盐或氧化物中。根据以上研究成果,可判定该氧化铅银矿属于极难选矿石,建议采用浮选-化学选矿工艺综合回收铅、银金属的技术路线。     

砷酸盐矿物研究及其地质找矿意义

砷酸矿物是主要产出于硫化物矿床氧化带中的一业较为重要的次生矿物,在自然界中已发现２５０多种,但在我国对该类矿物的开展的研究工作较少,目前仅发现该类矿物３９种。     

我国产出的铀酰砷酸盐矿物及其环境矿物学意义

对我国产出的铀酰砷酸盐矿物的矿物学特征、形成环境和环境矿物学意义进行了较系统的综合论述。铀酰砷酸盐矿物是主要产出于铀矿床氧化带中比较特征的黄绿色表生矿物，是寻找原生铀矿床(体)的重要矿物学标志，化学组成主要是[AsO4]^3-和[UO2]^2 ，其中As和U均是对环境造成极大危害的有毒或放射性有害元素。As、U的地球化学性质十分活跃，在不同的酸、碱和氧化还原介质环境中的分解、迁移能力均很强，在矿床氧化带中的分解、迁移扩散会对矿区周围及其下游地区造成较大范围的严重环境污染。而在弱酸性至中性介质条件下，[AsO4]^3-和[UO2]^2 结合并与各种金属阳离子化合可形成相对稳定的铀酰砷酸盐矿物，由此可在一定程度上减少U、AS的迁移扩散及其对环境的危害。     

新疆包古图斑岩铜矿伴生元素金和银赋存状态初步研究

新疆西准噶尔包古图斑岩铜矿床Au平均含量0.25g/t,Ag为2.56g/t,Cu为0.30%,属于富金斑岩铜矿。伴生金和银矿化作用有两期:早期为斑岩矿化,形成了Cu-Mo-Au矿化组合,是主矿化期;后期叠加了Cu-Au-Ag-Te-Bi矿化,规模不大,出露于矿床的局部部位,但对矿石起到了加富作用。通过对钻孔薄片和光薄片的镜下观察及电子探针成分分析,认为早期矿化中Au和Ag主要呈固溶体形式存在于硫化物中,分布比较均匀,基本上不出现独立矿物,Au含量明显高于Ag;晚期矿化形成了复杂的Cu-Au-Ag-Te-Bi矿物,矿石呈浸染状和脉状叠加在早期矿化之上,以银矿物为主,与多种碲铋类矿物共生,主要银矿物有碲银矿、铋-碲银矿(?)、银-辉碲铋矿(?)、银-硫铋铜矿、银金矿等。晚期矿化规模不大,但对于提高矿床的经济价值具有重要意义。     

Effect of groundwater fulvic acid on the adsorption of arsenate by ferrihydrite and gibbsite

Adsorption studies have been conducted at pH 4, 6 and 8 to assess the effect of fulvic acid on arsenate adsorption to ferrihydrite and gibbsite. The studies compared the adsorption of arsenate on the mineral surfaces in the absence of fulvic acid, to those cases where increasing concentrations of fulvic acid (0.3–60 μM) were added to the mineral–arsenate suspensions. Experiments where arsenate was added to mineral–fulvate suspensions were also conducted. The results suggest that arsenate adsorption on both gibbsite and ferrihydrite decreases with increasing concentrations of fulvic acid. This effect was highest at pH 4, and decreased at pH 6 and 8. Ferrous ion concentrations were very low during the ferrihydrite experiments and support the view that fulvic acid can both displace arsenate from and inhibited its adsorption to mineral surfaces. The experiments also indicated that the amount of arsenate adsorbed was lower if fulvic acid was added before rather than after arsenate. This may reflect the relative size of arsenate and fulvic acid molecules and their ability to penetrate the crystal matrices of the minerals.     

Newly formed minerals of the Fe–P–S system in Kolyma fulgurite

Newly obtained data from microscopic, geochemical, and thermomagnetic studies of the large Kolyma fulgurite are presented here: the fulgurite was formed in the Holocene as a result of lightning affected black shale alluvium. The composition is very close to that of glass formed from a melt. The glass has elevated concentrations of Y, Zr, Nb, and REEs. The newly formed mineral phases have been identified: those are Al–Si glass, α-cristobalite, moissanite, native iron with a phosphorus admixture, nickel-less shreibersite (?), troilite, and possibly cohenite. The formation of these minerals is related to the melt fractionation and the effects of element concentration and segregation of ore components under conditions of the rock melting caused by the effect of high-energy plasma (lightning strike).     

Sequestration of arsenate from aqueous solution using 2-line ferrihydrite: equilibria,kinetics, and X-ray absorption spectroscopic analysis

Arsenic(V), as the arsenate (AsO₄ ^3?) ion and its conjugate acids, has a strong affinity on Fe, Mn, and Al (oxyhydr)oxides and clay minerals. Removal of arsenate from aqueous solution by poorly crystalline ferrihydrite (hydrous ferric oxide) via a combination of macroscopic (equilibria and kinetics of sorption) and X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies was investigated. The removal of arsenate significantly decreased with increasing pH and sorption maxima of approximately 1.994 mmol/g (0.192 mol_As/mol_Fe) were achieved at pH 2.0. The Langmuir isotherm is most appropriate for arsenate sorption over the wide range of pH, indicating that arsenate sorption preferentially takes place at relatively homogenous and monolayer sites rather than heterogeneous and multilayer surfaces. The kinetic study demonstrated that arsenate sorption onto 2-line ferrihydrite is considerably fast, and sorption equilibrium was achieved within the reaction time of 2 h. X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy indicates no change in oxidation state of arsenate following interaction with the ferrihydrite surfaces. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy supports the efficient removal of arsenate by the 2-line ferrihydrite through the formation of highly stable inner-sphere surface complexes, such as bidentate binuclear corner-sharing (²C) and bidentate mononuclear edge-sharing (²E) complexes.     

A predictive model (ETLM) for arsenate adsorption and surface speciation on oxides consistent with spectroscopic and theoretical molecular evidence

The nature of adsorbed arsenate species for a wide range of minerals and environmental conditions is fundamental to prediction of the migration and long-term fate of arsenate in natural environments. Spectroscopic experiments and theoretical calculations have demonstrated the potential importance of a variety of arsenate surface species on several iron and aluminum oxides. However, integration of the results of these studies with surface complexation models and extrapolation over wide ranges of conditions and for many oxides remains a challenge. In the present study, in situ X-ray and infrared spectroscopic and theoretical molecular evidence of arsenate (and the analogous phosphate) surface speciation are integrated with an extended triple layer model (ETLM) of surface complexation, which takes into account the electrostatic work associated with the ions and the water dipoles involved in inner-sphere surface complexation by the ligand exchange mechanism.Three reactions forming inner-sphere arsenate surface species

     

Mineralogical and Geochemical Constraints on Arsenic Mobility in a Philippine Geothermal Field

Arsenic is usually associated with sulphide minerals formed in the geothermal environment. However, sulphide minerals are prone to dissolution after contact with meteoric water under surface oxidizing conditions. Secondary precipitates that form from the dissolution of the primary sulfides exert a greater influence on arsenic mobility in the geothermal environment. Fe-hydroxides have very good affinity with dissolved arsenate and are stable under most surface oxidizing conditions. Both amorphous silica directly precipitated from geothermal fluids and possibly a kaolinite alteration can host a small significant amount of arsenic. These silicates are also more stable under a wide range of pH and redox conditions.     

16000a以来青海茶卡盐湖的演化过程及其对气候的响应

本文通过系统分析青海茶卡盐湖CKL-2004孔盐类矿物、碳酸盐矿物、碎屑岩矿物以及碎屑岩中的总有机碳(TOC)和总氮(TN),揭示了该湖16000a以来的演化过程。结果表明:16000～11700cal.aBP期间,茶卡湖为一淡水湖,其间记录了Blling-Allerd暖期(13900～12400cal.aBP)和Younger Dryas冷期(12400～11700cal.aBP);11700～5900cal.aBP期间,湖泊萎缩、咸化;5900～5250cal.aBP期间,茶卡盐湖经历了一个明显的短暂淡化期;5250cal.aBP(?)以后,特别是2300cal.aBP(?)以来,湖泊极度萎缩、咸化。总体而言,相对于晚冰期,茶卡盐湖盐类矿物的出现是在全新世增温的背景条件下逐步萎缩形成的,表明全新世温度的增高引起的蒸发量的增加,远远大于东亚季风增强所带来的降水量的增加。     

铁矿石物相分析标准物质的研制

介绍了研制铁矿石物相分析标准物质的研制工艺及技术关键，列出了磁性铁中铁、碳酸铁中铁、赤（褐）铁矿中铁、硫化铁中铁、硅酸铁中铁和全铁的原始数据和定值数据。所研制的６个标准物质已于１９９５年被国家技术监督局批准为一级标准物质，编号为ＧＢＷ０７２７１～０７２７６。