泥岩成岩矿物演化特征与成岩体系划分:以东营凹陷古近系为例

成岩过程中泥岩的成岩矿物会随成岩体系的改变而发生变化,因此有效地识别成岩矿物组合与划分成岩体系,对深刻 理解有机质生烃的差异性具有重要的意义。文章选取东营凹陷古近系不同层段埋深在1200~4500 m的泥岩,通过岩石薄片、 扫描电镜和X射线衍射等检测,有效地区分了外源输入的矿物（如石英）与成岩矿物（亮晶方解石和白云石）等显微特征的差 异,据此建立了定量估算泥岩中成岩转化的黏土矿物含量的方法：C陆源=（C/Q）沙一×Q样品和C成岩=CXRD-C陆源,其中C为黏土矿物含 量,Q为石英含量,更好地反映了泥岩成岩过程中黏土矿物的演化特征。在埋藏演化过程中泥岩中的成岩矿物和组合呈现出 两段性,3000 m以上黏土矿物和白云石的成岩转化较慢,形成了以伊蒙间层+高岭石的成岩矿物组合,推断其经历了酸性成岩 环境和开放成岩体系;3000 m以下黏土矿物和白云石的成岩转化过程加快,形成了以伊利石+绿泥石+白云石的成岩矿物组 合,推断其经历了碱性成岩环境和封闭成岩体系,充分展现了泥岩在深浅层成岩环境和体系的差异性。与前人研究东营凹陷 泥岩中由有机质生烃产生异常压力造成的开放/封闭体系界限基本吻合,表明泥岩中矿物埋藏演化经历的成岩体系与有机质 生烃形成的压力体系具有较好的响应关系,这对认识不同成岩体系下有机质的生烃过程和生烃机理的差异性具有重要的 意义。     

成岩作用对泥页岩储集性能的影响: 以东营凹陷古近系沙四上亚段为例*

陆相页岩油储集层孔隙结构特征及储集能力受泥页岩在埋藏过程中经历的复杂成岩改造影响,纵向上表现出显著的差异性,但相关研究仍不够深入。以渤海湾盆地东营凹陷古近系沙河街组沙四上亚段典型陆相富有机质泥页岩为研究对象,基于岩心观察描述、岩石薄片鉴定、扫描电镜等多尺度观察手段,结合X射线衍射分析、同位素地球化学分析、物性分析及能谱分析等测试资料,开展泥页岩成岩作用特征及其控储差异研究。研究结果表明: (1)研究区可识别出7种成岩作用类型,其中,建设性成岩作用以方解石重结晶、黏土矿物转化及白云石化作用为主; 沙四上亚段整体处于中成岩A阶段。(2)方解石重结晶、黏土矿物转化及白云石化作用在垂向上表现出显著的差异性演化特征,重结晶成因的亮晶方解石主要发育于纯上3小层与纯上2小层,黏土矿物转化所形成的晶间中—高孔区主要发育于纯上2小层; 研究区主要发育2种类型的白云石,其中,泥晶白云石主要发育于纯上3小层,微晶铁白云石主要发育于纯上1、2小层。(3)方解石重结晶和黏土矿物转化的协同使得纯上2小层产生了大量微孔,同时适量的铁白云石可作为骨架矿物支撑孔隙,有利于中深层孔隙的保存,是该小层成为优质储集层的关键。     

成岩作用对泥页岩储集性能的影响: 以东营凹陷古近系沙四上亚段为例*

陆相页岩油储集层孔隙结构特征及储集能力受泥页岩在埋藏过程中经历的复杂成岩改造影响,纵向上表现出显著的差异性,但相关研究仍不够深入。以渤海湾盆地东营凹陷古近系沙河街组沙四上亚段典型陆相富有机质泥页岩为研究对象,基于岩心观察描述、岩石薄片鉴定、扫描电镜等多尺度观察手段,结合X射线衍射分析、同位素地球化学分析、物性分析及能谱分析等测试资料,开展泥页岩成岩作用特征及其控储差异研究。研究结果表明: (1)研究区可识别出7种成岩作用类型,其中,建设性成岩作用以方解石重结晶、黏土矿物转化及白云石化作用为主; 沙四上亚段整体处于中成岩A阶段。(2)方解石重结晶、黏土矿物转化及白云石化作用在垂向上表现出显著的差异性演化特征,重结晶成因的亮晶方解石主要发育于纯上3小层与纯上2小层,黏土矿物转化所形成的晶间中—高孔区主要发育于纯上2小层; 研究区主要发育2种类型的白云石,其中,泥晶白云石主要发育于纯上3小层,微晶铁白云石主要发育于纯上1、2小层。(3)方解石重结晶和黏土矿物转化的协同使得纯上2小层产生了大量微孔,同时适量的铁白云石可作为骨架矿物支撑孔隙,有利于中深层孔隙的保存,是该小层成为优质储集层的关键。     

塔里木盆地西北缘下寒武统黑色岩系差异性成岩演化及其影响因素

尽管泥页岩在埋藏过程中经历的复杂成岩改造会显著影响页岩油气储层发育潜力，但对其成岩作用，特别是泥页岩中成岩矿物的类型、成岩演化及其影响因素、成岩矿物元素在低孔低渗孔隙系统中的迁移等问题的认识仍很薄弱，因而制约了对泥页岩储层的深入认识。为此，本文以塔里木盆地西北缘下寒武统玉尔吐斯组发育的两套黑色岩系为例，在沉积环境认识的基础上，通过矿物组分、黏土矿物组合、有机碳含量及有机质成熟度等测定分析，着重研究了黑色岩系自生矿物的分布及在成岩演化阶段的变化特征，阐述了成岩变化的时空分布及其影响因素。研究结果表明：（1）在浅水缓坡台地环境下，玉尔吐斯组受两个较为完整的海进-海退沉积旋回控制而形成的两套黑色岩系主要经历了早成岩阶段和中成岩阶段；（2）受沉积环境和热液作用的影响，这两套黑色岩系在石英、重晶石、碳酸盐胶结物和黏土矿物等自生矿物的组合、分布及形成顺序上存在显著的差异，呈现出差异性成岩演化的特点；（3）伊利石、伊蒙混层、绿泥石、白云石、石英胶结等中成岩阶段成岩产物的广泛分布，反映出在成岩过程中特别是中成岩阶段低孔低渗的泥页岩仍存在一定程度的内部和外部来源的矿物元素迁移。本次研究对深入认识塔里木西北缘下寒武统黑色岩系成岩机制，以及分析页岩储层发育特征提供了重要的依据。     

泥页岩热模拟实验及成岩演化模式

随着泥页岩油气勘探开发的不断推进,对泥页岩的成岩作用研究越来越受到重视。通过对三种不同干酪根类型的泥页岩样品的热模拟实验发现,随着有机质成熟度的增加,干酪根热解生烃产生的有机质孔及不稳定矿物溶蚀孔增加,是泥页岩储集空间增加的主要原因;泥页岩成岩作用类型主要有黏土矿物转化、不稳定矿物溶蚀作用和重结晶作用;结合镜质体反射率,建立了基于热模拟实验的泥页岩综合成岩演化模式。研究表明:不同类型的干酪根在生烃过程中演化特征不同,Ⅰ型干酪根以"解聚型"的途径生烃,以产生有机质边缘孔为主;Ⅲ型干酪根以"平行脱官能团型"的途径生烃,以产生有机质内部孔为主;Ⅱ型干酪根介于两者之间,既可以产生有机质内部孔,也可以产生有机质边缘孔。     

东营凹陷中央背斜带沙三段砂岩石英次生加大边发育特征及其指示意义

石英次生加大是砂岩储层中常见且重要的成岩现象.本文通过对东营凹陷中央背斜带沙三段不同含油级别砂岩样品铸体薄片镜下观察、石英次生加大边宽度和含量的定量统计以及流体包裹体测温，分析了不同含油级别砂岩中石英次生加大边发育特征、期次和石英次生加大所需硅质的可能来源.砂岩样品中石英次生加大边最大宽度和加大边面积分布范围变化大，分别分布在4~90 μm和2.50~39 927.80 μm2之间.砂岩中与油气充注有关的石英次生加大主要有两期，结合埋藏-温度史图，该两期石英次生加大边发育时间分别为距今15~6 Ma和4~0 Ma.钾长石溶蚀和沙三段砂泥岩层中黏土矿物的转化是研究区不同含油级别砂岩石英次生加大边发育的主要硅质来源.东营凹陷中央背斜带沙三段不同含油级别砂岩石英次生加大边发育具有相似性和差异性两种特征:（1）不同含油级别砂岩中石英次生加大边最大宽度和单颗粒石英次生加大边面积整体统计分布特征具有相似性；（2）石英次生加大边宽度和单颗粒石英加大边面积普遍存在差异性.砂岩孔渗性、含烃流体充注造成的酸性水介质环境和油水分布特征是造成沙三段不同含油级别砂岩石英次生加大边发育相似性和差异性的主要原因，该区砂岩中石英次生加大可作为含烃流体充注的成岩示踪标志.      

东营凹陷下第三系深层成岩作用及次生孔隙发育特征

通过钻井取心分析测试、岩石薄片和扫描电镜观察等手段,对东营凹陷下第三系深层成岩作用和次生孔隙发育特征进行研究。结果表明,东营凹陷下第三系深部碎屑岩地层经历了强烈的压实压溶作用和胶结作用、复杂的交代作用和多期次的溶解作用,原生孔隙消失殆尽。胶结作用是降低深层孔渗性能的主要因素,方解石类、黄铁矿、高岭石、绿泥石等成岩矿物的大量析出与次生孔隙发育密切相关;溶解作用使深层碎屑岩产生粒间溶孔、溶缝、溶蚀填隙物内孔隙和铸模孔等次生孔隙。从晚成岩A期到晚成岩C期,有机质成熟过程、粘土矿物转化、烃类与硫酸盐矿物的热化学氧化还原反应等造成的酸性地层水介质,使东营凹陷下第三系深部碎屑岩储层在不同构造部位分别发育2~4个次生孔隙发育带。      

东营凹陷沙河街组三段地层特征及典型成岩矿物组合研究

在对东营凹陷沙河街组三段地层特征、成岩矿物在不同构造带分布研究基础上,探讨了自生黄铁矿、含铁碳酸盐等典型成岩矿物的形成及其与油气的关系。针对自生黄铁矿-碳酸盐矿物-自生石英矿物组合,提出了示烃球的新认识并将其分为两大类,I型示烃球主要分布于含油性较好层段,II型示烃球主要分布于烃类活动相对较弱的非含油层段。烃类活动导致自生黄铁矿的形成,这是形成示烃球的重要原因。     

东营凹陷北部沙河街组四段深部储层多重成岩环境及演化模式

主要通过薄片鉴定、扫描电镜观察、包裹体分析、粘土矿物分析、镜质体反射率测试和岩心物性分析等手段,结合构造发育史和有机质热演化史等研究成果,以揭示东营凹陷北带古近系深部碎屑岩储层成岩环境及演化模式为目的展开研究工作。结果表明:东营凹陷北带古近系深部碎屑岩储层存在酸性、碱性和酸性碱性交替等多重成岩环境。酸性成岩环境以碳酸盐矿物溶解、长石溶解蚀变为高岭石并伴生石英次生加大等为标志,碱性成岩环境以石英质颗粒及其次生加大边溶解、长石次生加大和晚期碳酸盐矿物沉淀为标志。研究区古近系深部碎屑岩储层成岩环境由浅至深大致经历了碱性—酸性—酸性碱性交替(局部碱性较强)—碱性—弱碱性的演化过程,并建立了沙河街组四段的成岩演化和储层改造模式。     

酒泉盆地营尔凹陷异常高压形成机理

酒泉盆地营尔凹陷下白垩统砂泥岩普遍发育超压。通过对地层压实特征、黏土矿物转化及有机质演化特征的分析,揭示了凹陷超压形成的机理。结果表明:①营尔凹陷纵向上发育常压带、浅层超压带、过渡带和深层超压带4个压力带,超压带内具有明显的泥岩密度降低、电阻率减小和声波时差增大的欠压实特征,表明不均衡压实作用是形成该区超压的主要原因;②凹陷内发育3个蒙脱石向伊利石转化带,第一迅速转化带对应于浅层超压带,第二迅速转化带对应于深层超压带,反映黏土矿物转化与凹陷超压有一定的联系;③深层有机质演化程度较高(镜质体反射率Ro>0.6%),与浅层超压带相比,生烃作用对深层超压带的超压贡献更大。由此认为,营尔凹陷的下白垩统地层超压是不均衡压实作用、黏土矿物脱水作用和生烃作用共同影响的结果,并且隆起带和洼陷带的成因机理有所差异。     

A Reconstruction and Discussion of the Effect of Diagenetic Environment on Hydrocarbon Generation Based on Diagenetic Mineral Assemblage in Mudstone

Inorganic minerals in mudstone are composed of clay minerals,carbonate and detrital minerals.Detrital minerals(such as quartz and feldspar)are mainly original deposit.However,clay minerals(kaolinite,illite,and chlorite)and carbonate(calcite and dolomite)are mostly diagenetic minerals.Furthermore,conversion of the four kinds of clay minerals are common.The formation of clay minerals and carbonate is controlled by temperature,pressure,p H,Eh and type of cations during diagenesis.Therefore mineral assemblage can indicate the characteristics and change of diagenetic environment.In addition to inorganic minerals,there are also organic matter of different sources and chemical properties in mudstone.Traditionally,it is considered that evolution of organic matter is controlled by thermal effect.Now studies show that inorganic and organic matter can interact with each other and form clay-organic complexes.This suggest that attention should be paid to the influence of diagenetic mineral assemblage and diagenetic environment on the evolution of organic matter* Samples of mudstone from 1500-4500m of the Palaeogene in the Dongying Depression,China,were collected to investigate the changes of mudstone diagenetic environment.XRD,thin section and SEM were used to detect diagenetic minerals and assemblage characteristics.Results showed that content of detrital minerals,which are floating in mud matrix or preserved as silt laminae,is basically unchanged from shallow to deep strata.Clay minerals which are gathered as argillaceous matrix or preserved as argillaceous laminae have growth and decline relation to carbonate which mainly appear as micropoikilitic ferriferous calcite and ferriferous dolomite.All these characteristics indicate that detrital minerals are exogenetic,whereas carbonate is diagenetic minerals.Based on the SEM analysis of the clay minerals,it was found that smectite present honeycomb and reticulate structure,while illite present filiform and schistose structure and there are growth and decline relationship between them.Nevertheless,hexagonal tabular and stratified kaolinite has the highest content from 2400m to3300m.Rosette and stratified chlorite shows increase trend when the burial depth is deeper than 3300m.These characteristics indicated that clay minerals are diagenetic minerals and there are conversions among the four types.Therefore form shallow to deep,three diagenetic mineral assemblage zones can be divided based on the characteristics of carbonate and clay minerals in mudstone.Namely,smectite+illite/smectite zone in the depth of 2000-2500m;kaolinite+illite/smectite zone in the depth of 2500-3300m and illite+chlorite+carbonate zone below 3300m.Previous studies showed that kaolinite is stable under acidic conditions,while other clay minerals and carbonate are stable under alkaline conditions.Hence according to mineral assemblages feature,it was inferred that diagenetic environment of mudstonehasundergonethechangeof alkaline-acid-alkaline.For the organic matter with different chemical properties in mudstone,the hydrocarbon generation will be different in the acidic and alkaline diagenetic environment even if the conditions of temperature and pressure are the same.Therefore,for hydrocarbon generation we should not only focus on thermal effect,but also pay more attention to the differences of diagenetic environment which have great significance for the understanding of hydrocarbon generation,hydrocarbon expulsion and reservoir formation in mudstone.     

黄骅坳陷三马地区中-深部储层成岩作用及主控因素分析

黄骅坳陷三马地区储集岩样品的显微特征及成岩矿物的组合关系分析结果表明，三马地区下第三系中深层储层主要处于晚成岩A期，成岩现象包括石英、长石的次生加大、碳酸盐矿物胶结作用、矿物交代作用、溶解作用和粘土矿物转化作用等。其中石英次生加大于2700m左右开始出现，随埋深增大，石英增生加强；长石次生加大现象不十分普遍；碳酸盐胶结作用包括早期自生泥晶方解石胶结作用、连晶方解石和晚期白云石(或铁方解石)的胶结作用。在扫描电镜下可见到方解石与含铁方解石集合体充填在粒间孔隙中或与石英、钠长石及粘土矿物共生，白云岩多呈菱形粒状分布于粒间；常见的交代现象主要有方解石交代长石、石英及粘土矿物，粘土矿物交代长石、石英等；溶解作用主要有长石的溶解、碳酸盐颗粒的溶解和方解石胶结物的溶解等，粘土矿物的转化主要为蒙脱石、高岭石向伊利石(或绿泥石)转化。还讨论了储层岩相、岩性特征、孔隙水中有机酸含量、早期方解石的充填、烃类早期注入等因素对储层成岩演化的控制作用。     

冷家沙三段砂岩成岩序列与孔隙演化

笔者以辽河盆地冷家地区冷94井为例，通过铸体薄片、电镜扫描、能谱 阴极发光等分析和实验手段，对沙三段砂岩的成岩历史、成岩序列与孔隙演化及发展趋势刊物, 出成岩阶段可划分为同生期→早成岩阶段早期→早成岩阶段晚期→晚成岩阶段早期。孔隙演化主要在压实作用，粘土矿物的包膜作用，方解石、白云石的胶结作用，长石溶蚀作用、石英的次生加大和微晶石英的沉淀作用等方面进行了研究，阐述并总结了它们互相之间的内在联系。     

Diagenetic mineral development within the Upper Jurassic Haynesville-Bossier Shale,USA

Despite recent advances, diagenetic processes in fine-grained sediments are still relatively poorly understood. Key questions still to be resolved include the types of diagenetic minerals present in mudstones and the extent of element mobility in these low permeability systems. This study utilizes data from the Haynesville-Bossier Shale, USA, to analyze lithologies, discriminate authigenic phases and identify mobile elements during diagenesis. It has implications for understanding how authigenic minerals develop and the sources of those authigenic minerals in fine-grained sediments. On the basis of grain-size and mineralogy five lithologies are designated: (i) silica-rich argillaceous mudstones; (ii) argillaceous siliceous mudstones; (iii) mixed siliceous mudstones; (iv) mixed mudstones; and (v) authigenically-dominated mudstones. The diagenetic development of the Haynesville-Bossier Shale can be divided into early and late diagenesis. Ferroan and non-ferroan dolomite, framboidal pyrite and bioclast pore-filling kaolinite and calcite grain replacements and cements all formed during early diagenesis. Late diagenetic mineral phases include illite formed by the illitization of smectite, replacive and displacive chlorite, calcite-replacive albite, quartz-replacive calcite and replacive and/or displacive quartz. The presence of extensive late diagenetic mineral precipitates indicates that there was a degree of element mobility on at least the local scale. Aluminium present in albite is most likely to have resulted from the illitization of smectite. Quartz overgrowths probably resulted from illitization and the pressure dissolution at quartz silt grain boundaries. Externally, hydrothermal fluids resulting from regional-scale igneous activity appear to have played a role in the formation of chlorite and possibly albite. The work indicates that extensive mineral development and element mobility occurred during late diagenesis.     

鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系粘土矿物的分布特征及其沉积-成岩环境意义

系统地分析了鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系粘土矿物的特征及其沉积、成岩环境意义。研究结果表明:白垩系砂岩、泥质岩的粘土矿物组合以I+C+I/S型、I+C型为主,具有高伊利石含量,较高绿泥石、伊/蒙混层矿物含量的粘土矿物组成特点;其中泥质岩粘土矿物主要为陆源碎屑成因,次为沉积成岩过程中形成的自生粘土矿物,而砂岩粘土矿物兼有陆源碎屑成因和沉积成岩过程自生成因的特征;白垩系沉积时气候总体特征为干旱—半干旱,但局部时段发生干—湿气候波动而处于短暂的湿热气候环境;白垩系沉积物源富含长石等硅酸盐矿物,沉积物质主要自北、南、西向盆地内部搬运沉积;白垩系沉积和埋藏成岩过程中水介质整体上具有盐度较高,偏碱性,富K+、Fe2+、Mg2+的特点,且总体上盆地南部水介质中的这些指标都高于北部。     

Diagenetic Evolution and Formation Mechanisms of High-Quality Reservoirs under Multiple Diagenetic Environmental Constraints: An Example from the Paleogene Beach-Bar Sandstone Reservoirs in the Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

The diagenetic environment, diagenetic responses, diagenetic transformation model and formation mechanisms of high-quality reservoirs (beach-bar sandstones of the Paleogene fourth member) in the Dongying depression were studied through the analysis of fluid inclusions, thin section and burial evolution history. The diagenetic fluids of the beach-bar sandstone reservoirs evolved from early high salinity and weak alkalinity to low salinity and strong acidity, late high salinity and strong alkalinity and late low salinity and acidity, which were accompanied by two stages of oil and gas filling. The fluids at the margins of the sandbodies were continuously highly saline and strongly alkaline. The western (eastern) reservoirs experienced early open (closed), middle open, and late closed diagenetic environments during their burial history. The flow pattern was characterized by upwelling during the majority of the diagenesis (in the east, a non-circulating pattern transitioned into an upwelling current). Due to the evolution of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic sequence of the beach-bar reservoirs was as follows: early weak carbonate cementation; feldspar and carbonate cement dissolution and authigenic quartz cementation; late carbonate and anhydrite cementation, authigenic feldspar cementation, and late quartz dissolution; and late carbonate cementation, feldspar dissolution, and authigenic quartz cementation. The diagenetic strength during these stages varied or was absent altogether in different parts of the reservoirs. Due to the closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow pattern of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic products are variably distributed in the sandstones interbedded with mudstones and in the fault blocks. The evolution of multiple alternating alkaline and acidic diagenetic environments controlled the distribution patterns of the reservoir diagenesis and reservoir space, and the reservoir quality index, RQI, increased gradually from the margins to the centers of the sandstones. The closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow patterns of the diagenetic fluids controlled the differences in the reservoir properties among the fault blocks. With increasing distance from the oil-source faults, the RQI values in the west gradually decreased and in the east initially increased and then decreased.     

Kinetic Modeling of Diagenesis of Eogene Lacustrine Sandstone Reservoirs in the Jianghan Basin,Southeastern China

In the Tuoshi oilfield,located in the Cenozoic Jianghan Basin of southeastern China ,there have been found hydrocarbon reservoirs hosted in lacustrine sandstones of the Eogene Xingouzui Formation.The main diagenetic features identified in these sandstones include the dissolution of detrital K-feldspar and albite grains,the precipitation of quartz as overgrowths and /or cements ,and the precipitation and /or transformation of clay minerals.These diagenetic features were interpreted to have occurred in early,intermediate and late stages,based on the burial depth.The kinetics of fluid-mineral reactions and the concentrations of aqueous species au each stage of diagenesis were simulated numerically for these lacustrine sandstones,using a quasi-sta-tionary state approximation that incorporates simultaneous chemical reactions in a time-space continuum.During the early diagenetic stage,pore fluid was weakly acidic,which resulted in dissolution of K-feldspar and albite and,therefore,led to the release of K^ ,Na^ ,Al^3 and SiO2(aq) into the diagenetic fluid.The increased K^ ,Na^ ,Al^3 and SiO2(aq) concentrations in the diagenetic fluid caused the precipitation of quartz,kaolinite and illite.At the beginning of the intermediate diagenetic stage the concentration of H^ was built up due to the decomposition of organic matter,which was responsible for further dissolution of K-feldspar and albite and pre-cipitation of quartz,kaolinite,and illite.During the late diagenetic stage,the pore fluid was weakly alkaline,K-feldspar became stable and was precipitated with quartz and clay minerals.When the burial depth was greater than 3000 m,the pore fluids became supersaturated with respect to allbite,but undersaturated with respect to quartz,resulting in the precipitation of albite and the dissolution of quartz.The diagenetic reactions forecasted in the numerical modeling closely matched the diagenet-ic features identified by petrographic examination, and therefore,can help us to gain a better understanding of the diagenetic processes and associated porosity evolution in sandstone reservoirs.     

西湖凹陷平湖组低渗储层成岩环境及孔隙演化

通过薄片鉴定、扫描电镜观察、包裹体分析、黏土矿物分析、镜质组反射率测试、电子探针和碳氧同位素分析,结合构造演化史和有机质热演化史研究成果,对西湖凹陷古近系平湖组碎屑岩储层的成岩环境和演化模式展开分析,恢复了储层孔隙演化过程并对孔隙度进行定量计算。结果表明:平湖组碎屑岩储层长期处于酸性成岩环境,同时存在酸碱过渡及碱性成岩环境,其中酸性成岩环境以碳酸盐矿物溶解、长石溶解蚀变为高岭石并伴生石英次生加大等为标志,碱性成岩环境以石英质颗粒及其次生加大边溶解、长石次生加大和含铁碳酸盐矿物沉淀为标志。研究区储层成岩环境大致经历了弱酸性—酸性—酸碱过渡—碱性的演化过程。建立了平湖组储层的孔隙演化模式,为研究区优质储层的预测提供了依据。     

铝硅酸盐矿物成岩演化对形成过渡带气的影响

生油成气的过程不只是简单的有机物之间的转化，而是无机和有机两个系统综合运动的产物，它们之间相互联系相互制约。成岩作用伊始，两系统独立演化，均受成岩环境的制约。一旦环境适合于有机物裂化分解，两系统就共同发挥作用，通过质子的转移而相互作用。由于生物热催化过渡带气埋藏浅、热演化程度不高等特点，铝硅酸盐矿物成岩作用主要表现为:砂质岩以机械压实作用、胶结作用、溶解作用、矿化交代、自生矿物充填作用为主，泥质岩最显著的变化就是矿物的成岩演化，即蒙脱石→伊／蒙混层→伊利石，及蒙脱石→绿／蒙→绿泥石的成岩演化，其实质是有机与无机相互作用，即赋存在粘土中有机质的有机酸使砂质岩发生溶解，和碎屑岩溶解孔隙水中的Ａｌ３＋替代蒙脱石晶层间的Ｓｉ４＋，形成质子酸，对有机质形成过渡带气起着催化作用。