江南造山带东部旌德高Sr/Y花岗闪长岩的形成机制及其构造意义

旌德岩体是江南造山带东部一个典型的高Sr/Y岩体。锆石的原位U-Pb定年表明,该岩体侵位于141±1Ma。岩体由花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩组成。全岩地球化学表明,高的碱(K2O+Na2O=6.64%~8.01%),K2O/Na2O值(变化范围在0.78~1.04),Sr(189×10-6~452×10-6)和LREE;低的HREE和HFSE含量,Eu有轻微的负异常到弱的正异常(δEu=0.81~1.18)。岩体具有高的Sr/Y值(23~66)和(La/Yb)N值(13~58),低Y(6.03×10-6~14.5×10-6)、Yb(0.36×10-6~1.17×10-6),且MgO、Cr、Ni含量较低,与中国东部中生代埃达克质岩的地球化学特征相似。岩体中黑云母为镁质黑云母,显示寄主岩为壳幔混合来源。斜长石主要为奥长石、中长石。初始87Sr/86Sr为0.7096~0.7101,εNd(t)值为-12.92~-6.28,二阶段Nd模式年龄tDM2=1.4~1.9Ga。岩体中发育有岩浆混合成因的暗色包体,指示有幔源岩浆参与。结合前人研究成果,早白垩世,先前(新元古代)发生交代的岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融,岩浆底侵到壳幔过渡带附近,导致下地壳发生部分熔融形成了旌德岩体,且发生了岩浆混合作用。江南造山带东段上发育独特的150~135 Ma的岩浆活动和成矿作用,可能与江南造山带新元古代华夏陆块与扬子陆块发生拼合形成初生地壳物质的中生代再造有关。高Sr/Y比值的旌德岩体可能代表晚侏罗世—早白垩世挤压增厚事件的结束,指示了江南造山带东部从造山增厚向伸展垮塌的转折时期的岩浆活动。     

华南大陆东部若干构造问题的思考

华南大陆的结构、属性、过程与动力学一直是地质学家关注的热点。本文以钦杭构造带东段为主要研究地区,通过精细的构造解析、变质变形研究、年代学分析,结合反射地震剖面,探讨了华南大陆东部几个科学问题。（1）江南造山带形成于新元古代华夏板块与扬子板块的“软碰撞”作用,可划分为扬子板块南缘、扬子—华夏汇聚带和华夏板块北缘3个构造单元,江南断裂带和武夷山—遂昌断裂带分别为江南造山带的北界和南界。（2）扬子—华夏板块汇聚带由多个小板块拼合而成,其间有多条缝合带,大约900 Ma开始汇聚,760 Ma全面闭合,850~780 Ma为活动高峰期,具有递变式的汇聚拼合过程,由南向北发展,先斜向俯冲,后右旋走滑,最晚集中在中部活动。（3）华南大陆东部为中生代奠定的构造格架,主要构造为一系列北东走向褶皱和逆冲断层,大量地壳范围内的叠瓦状逆冲推覆构造,由南向北逆冲,可下切到中—下地壳。（4）华南大陆燕山晚期区域性伸展构造广泛发育,存在“华南热隆”构造,震旦系内的滑覆构造典型,同期大规模岩浆活动、火山活动和大规模的热液成矿。（5）华南大陆构造演化为：850 Ma扬子—华夏板块递进式汇聚,760 Ma全面拼合,江南造山带形成;600 Ma华南大陆盖层发育;430 Ma钦杭构造带受南部构造影响;220 Ma钦杭构造带受北部远程构造影响;160 Ma逆冲推覆构造产生;140 Ma大规模伸展,构造-岩浆-成矿关系密切;随后江南持续隆升,华南强烈热隆。     

南秦岭勉略构造带张儿沟新元古代变安山岩地球化学特征及锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄——Rodinia超大陆聚合事件的记录

本文报道了新获得的南秦岭南缘勉略构造带张儿沟新元古代变安山岩锆石U-Pb年代学、主量和微量元素研究成果,并讨论了秦岭板块和扬子板块西北缘新元古代构造演化历程。张儿沟变安山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果为840±5.4 Ma(MSWD=0.44,n=20)和847±5.7Ma(MSWD=0.45,n=19)。张儿沟变安山岩属准铝质钙碱性系列,具富硅(Si_2O=58.42%～63.57%)、富钠(Na_2O/K_2O=2.02～14.94)、富铝(Al_2O_3=16.80%～17.64%)和低镁(Mg O=1.87%～2.11%)的主量元素地球化学特征,强烈富集Sr(541.42×10~(-6)～674.80×10~(-6)),亏损重稀土元素Y(9.25×10~(-6)～10.11×10~(-6))和Yb(1.10×10~(-6)～1.16×10~(-6)),具有较高的Sr/Y值(56.22～67.17),表现出弱的正铕异常(δEu=1.02～1.07),符合Adakite(高锶低钇中酸性岩,亦译埃达克岩)特征,为俯冲洋壳部分熔融的产物,熔融源区残留相可能为含10%～25%石榴子石角闪岩。张儿沟变安山岩是新元古代勉略洋盆北向俯冲阶段的产物,为Rodinia超大陆聚合事件在该地区的岩浆响应。     

江南造山带是否格林威尔期造山带?——关于华南前寒武纪地质的几个问题

本世纪初这几年利用SHRIMP和La-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法及其他新的定年方法已获得的定年结果表明,扬子与华夏板块的拼合发生在870～820Ma之间,形成格林威尔造山带的"陆-陆碰撞"发生在1190～980Ma期间,江南造山带的碰撞事件要滞后320～160Ma。江南造山带形成过程中普遍发生绿片岩相的区域变质作用,未找到格林威尔造山带中广泛存在的麻粒岩相的高级变质记录。根据这两点,目前无法确认江南造山带是格林威尔期造山带。江南造山带可能是Rodinia向Gondwana超级大陆过渡过程中两相邻陆块拼合的产物。在江南造山带西段,作为基底出露的四堡群、梵净山群、冷家溪群等曾被认为是中元古代地层,这些地层中砂岩的碎屑锆石定年表明,这些基底地层的最大沉积年龄为870～860Ma,属于新元古代。沿着江南造山带分布的S-型花岗岩可作为板块间碰撞、造山事件的岩石学记录,并非地幔柱岩浆作用的产物。江南造山带西段～760Ma的部分基性火山-侵入岩、扬子地块周边及华夏地块某些新元古代"双峰式火山岩"(803～818Ma)中的基性火山岩具OIB的地球化学特征,它们的规模很小,是造山后伸展阶段、软流圈局部上侵形成的,不能作为Rodinia裂解的岩石学证据。     

江南造山带东段新元古代至早中生代多期造山作用特征

新元古代江南造山带远离晚中生代活动大陆边缘,是研究华南地区新元古代至早中生代多期造山作用的理想对象。文章通过对江南造山带东段沉积建造、岩浆活动、构造变形以及同位素年代学数据的综合分析,总结了其晋宁期、广西期以及印支期造山作用的特征。江南造山带东段在晋宁期经历了南北两侧大洋俯冲和两期碰撞造山作用。新元古代早期(880~860 Ma)双溪坞岛弧与扬子陆块东南缘发生弧-陆碰撞作用,形成淡色花岗岩、高压蓝片岩、NNE向褶皱-逆冲构造以及弧后前陆盆地。新元古代中期(约850 Ma),扬子陆块北缘开始发育由北向南的大洋俯冲。随着俯冲作用的进行,弧后盆地发生关闭,扬子陆块与华夏陆块发生陆-陆碰撞并形成新元古代(820~810Ma)江南造山带,导致近E-W走向褶皱-逆冲构造、韧性变形以及过铝质花岗岩的发育。江南造山带东段在约810Ma开始发生后造山垮塌和裂谷作用,以发育南华纪早期(805~750 Ma)花岗岩、中酸性火山岩、基性岩以及裂谷盆地为特征。江南造山带东段万载—南昌—景德镇—歙县断裂带以南地区卷入了华南广西期造山作用,发育近E-W走向由南向北的逆冲构造(465~450 Ma)、NNE向正花状构造(449~430 Ma)以及后造山近E-W走向韧性走滑剪切带(429~380 Ma)。印支期造山作用导致了NNE向褶皱-逆冲构造和花岗岩的发育,并奠定了江南造山带东段的基本构造面貌。     

江南东段平水地区桃红闪长岩:早新元古代洋壳消减的证据

平水一带早新元古代岩浆岩的精细年代学约束及其形成构造背景的厘定是理清华南内部新元古代演化机制的重要突破口.对江南造山带东段平水地区桃红岩体中的闪长岩进行了详细的锆石U-Pb年代学(LA-ICP-MS)、全岩地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素研究,结果显示:闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为913±2 Ma和898±2 Ma,代表其形成年龄;去掉挥发分并百分化处理后,SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Na₂O和K₂O含量分别为58.33%~63.36%、15.76%~17.42%、2.62%~3.12%和0.53%~1.53%,属低钾-中钾系列;铝饱和指数(A/CNK) 为0.84~0.92,属偏铝质;轻重稀土分异明显((La/Yb)_N=4.65~6.09)、轻微Eu异常(δEu=0.82~1.01)、高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti、P) 强烈亏损、大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、K、Sr) 相对富集,具岛弧岩浆亲缘性;具低(87Sr/86Sr)_i值(0.703 060~0.703 076)、高ε_Nd(t) 值(+6.58~+6.76).综合研究认为桃红闪长岩为扬子与华夏陆块之间的古洋壳南东向俯冲的过程中,被俯冲板片流体和熔体改造的地幔楔橄榄岩部分熔融的产物;双溪坞群及其同期岩浆岩应是扬子与华夏陆块早期拼合阶段的产物,与格林威尔构造事件无关.      

湖南城步火成岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其对江南造山带新元古代构造演化的约束

目前对新元古代中期江南造山带构造演化及钦杭结合带南西段构造性质存在不同认识。本文对湘西南城步地区新元古代火山岩和花岗岩进行了锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄测定并厘定其构造环境,从而为区域构造演化提供了约束。城步新元古代花岗岩侵入于云场里组变质火山-沉积地层中。云场里组变质火山岩与花岗岩的锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄分别为828±10Ma和805.7±9.2Ma。构造环境的地球化学判别图解表明花岗岩形成于岛弧环境;区域地质背景指示云场里组可能形成于活动陆缘弧前盆地。以城步火山岩和花岗岩研究为基础,结合区域地质资料,提出新元古代中期江南造山带西段构造演化过程:872～835Ma期间为陆缘盆地;835～820Ma期间俯冲造山,江南造山带形成基性—超基性岩和早阶段岛弧花岗闪长岩,东侧的城步地区为弧前盆地;820～810Ma期间江南造山带发生弧-陆碰撞;810～800Ma期间江南造山带进入后碰撞环境并形成晚阶段强过铝(黑云母)花岗岩,东侧城步地区因华南洋洋壳俯冲而形成新的岛弧;800Ma后华南进入伸展裂陷盆地演化阶段。上述认识揭示出扬子陆块东南缘的连续岛弧增生过程,同时为钦杭结合带南西段雪峰期"残留洋盆"属性提供了新证据。     

广西摩天岭岩体对江南造山带西南段构造演化的响应:来自新元古代花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学证据

摩天岭巨型花岗岩体位于广西北部,华夏和扬子板块之间,是江南造山带西南段新元古代代表性侵入体。为了系统研究摩天岭岩体的岩石成因和江南造山带西南段区域演化特征,本文进行了系统的样品采集和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年研究。结合元素地球化学特征认为,摩天岭和元宝山岩体形成于新元古代江南造山带西南段碰撞和造山作用。综合前人研究成果和本次测试数据,将桂北晋宁期江南造山带活动细分为主碰撞(870~835 Ma)、晚碰撞(834~790 Ma)和后碰撞(789~740 Ma)三个阶段。摩天岭岩体主要形成于碰撞造山过程的晚碰撞阶段,后碰撞阶段小型岩体的侵入也构成了摩天岭岩体的重要部分。通过对江南造山带西南段、中段和东北段不同碰撞造山阶段岩浆岩的对比研究认为,西南段的摩天岭主岩体及岩体中的补体与其他各地段出露的岩体具有较好的对照和可比性,三个地段的岩体均主要以中酸性为主,其中主碰撞阶段以花岗闪长岩类为主,晚碰撞、后造山阶段以花岗岩类为主。     

贵州省梵净山区新元古代岩浆活动的年代学格架及其大地构造意义

江南造山带位于华夏与扬子地块之间,发育大量新元古代火成岩,是研究地球早期壳幔相互作用、板块构造演化的理想对象。江南造山带东段新元古代板块演化研究已初具雏形,但对其西南段构造演化还争议不断,主要问题在于没有构建与区域地质特点吻合的岩浆活动年代学格架。本文以江南造山带西南段梵净山为研究区,基于详细的区域地质填图结果,针对侵入于梵净山群(沉积时代850~830 Ma)中的基性-超基性岩样品开展原位锆石年代学研究。新的年代学数据表明,侵入于梵净山群的3个辉长岩体结晶年龄分别为813 Ma、804 Ma、748 Ma。结合前人发表数据,提出梵净山地区岩浆活动可划分为两个阶段:晋宁Ⅰ期(850~825 Ma)、晋宁Ⅱ期(820~750 Ma),分别对应于梵净山期、下江期盆地演化。该岩浆岩年代学格架与区域地层年代格架吻合,形成了完整的新元古代沉积-岩浆活动记录。这套沉积-岩浆组合的大地构造背景尚不明确,需要通过大地构造相分析予以确定。     

江南造山带存在新元古代（～850 Ma）俯冲作用——来自皖南SSZ型蛇绿岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄证据

皖南伏川蛇绿岩是江南造山带上出露最完整的蛇绿岩,主要由地幔橄榄岩、堆晶岩、枕状熔岩和少量硅质岩组成.地幔橄榄岩主要是方辉橄榄岩,具有U型的稀土元素配分模式,副矿物尖晶石的Cr#较高(54～60),堆晶岩组合为纯橄岩-易剥橄榄岩-辉长岩(DIG型),这些特征指示伏川蛇绿岩形成于俯冲带之上的构造环境,属SSZ型蛇绿岩.堆晶岩异剥橄榄岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为827±9 Ma(n=12,MSWD=1.4),侵入到方辉橄榄岩中的辉长岩岩脉的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为848±12 Ma(n=7,MSWD=1.9),说明扬子板块和华夏板块至少在848Ma之前就开始拼合,它们之间的古大洋在新元古代(～850 Ma)之前就已经俯冲削减.     

Elastic and thermoelastic properties of synthetic Ca<Subscript>2</Subscript>MgSi<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>7</Subscript> (åkermanite) and Ca<Subscript>2</Subscript>ZnSi<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>7</Subscript> (hardystonite)

Elastic and thermoelastic constants of large single crystals of Ca₂MgSi₂O₇ and Ca₂ZnSi₂O₇ have been derived from ultrasonic resonance frequencies of plane-parallel plates and their shift upon variation of temperature, respectively. In addition, coefficients of thermal expansion and dielectric constants were determined. Both species possess quite similar properties. As observed in other isotypic magnesium and zinc compounds, the mean elastic stiffness and the deviation from the Cauchy relations are significantly larger in the zinc compound, due to a covalent contribution of the Zn–O bond. Positive thermoelastic constants T₄₄ and T₆₆ in Ca₂MgSi₂O₇ allow temperature-independent ultrasonic generators and oscillators to be manufactured.     

硅酸盐玻璃中的Na和K含量电子探针分析条件设定探讨

含Ti硅酸盐玻璃在基础科学研究和应用技术开发上均有重要价值,亟需对其进行准确的成分分析,为进一步的科研工作提供重要的数据支撑.对玻璃进行电子探针分析时,由于样品的易损性和其中(Na和K)阳离子在电子束轰击下极易发生迁移和扩散,因此往往需要经过条件实验来确定合适的分析条件,确保样品在该条件下能够保持尽量稳定的状态,才能获...     

Hydrometallurgical processing and recovery of molybdenum trioxide from spent catalyst

Hydrometallurgical processing of spent hydrodesulphurisation (HDS) catalyst for the recovery of molybdenum using sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide mixtures was investigated. The results indicated that the recovery of molybdenum was largely dependent on the concentrations of Na₂CO₃ and H₂O₂ in the reaction medium, which controls the acidity of the leach liquor and carry over of impurities such as Al, Ni, P, Si and V. Leaching process was exothermic and leaching efficiency of molybdenum decreased with increasing solid to liquid ratio. Large scale leaching of spent catalyst, under optimum conditions: 20% pulp density, 85 g/L Na₂CO₃, 10 vol.% H₂O₂ and 1 h reaction, resulted a leaching efficiency of 84% Mo. The obtained leach liquor contained (g/L): Mo — 22.0, Ni — 0.015 and Al — 0.82, P — 1.1, Si — 0.094 and minor quantities of V — 8 mg/L, As and Co — < 1 mg/L. Recovery of Mo from leach solution as MoO₃ of 97.30% purity was achieved by ammonium molybdate precipitation method.     

A computer simulation study of OH defects in Mg2SiO4 and Mg2GeO4 spinels

Classical atomistic simulation techniques have been used to investigate the energies of hydrogen defects in Mg₂SiO₄ and Mg₂GeO₄ spinels. Ringwoodite (γ-Mg₂SiO₄) is considered to be the most abundant mineral in the lower part of the transition zone and can incorporate large amounts of water in the form of hydroxyls, whereas the germanate spinel (γ-Mg₂GeO₄) corresponds to a low-pressure structural analogue for ringwoodite. The calculated defect energies indicate that the most favourable mechanisms for hydrogen incorporation are coupled either with the reduction of ferric iron or with the creation of tetrahedral vacancies. Hydrogen will go preferentially into tetrahedral vacancies, eventually leading to the formation of the hydrogarnet defect, before associating with other negatively charged point defects. The presence of isolated hydroxyls is not expected. The same trend is observed for germanate, and thus γ-Mg₂GeO₄ could be used as a low-pressure analogue for ringwoodite in studies of water-related defects and their effect on physical properties.     

High-T phase transition of synthetic ANaB(LiMg)CMg5Si8O22(OH)2 amphibole: an X-ray synchrotron powder diffraction and FTIR spectroscopic study

The synthetic amphibole Na_0.95(Li_0.95Mg_1.05)Mg₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂ was studied in situ at high-T, using IR OH-stretching spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. At room-T the sample has P2₁ /m symmetry, as shown by the FTIR spectrum. It shows in the OH region two well-defined and intense absorptions at 3,748 and 3,712 cm⁻¹, respectively, and two minor bands at 3,667 and 3,687 cm⁻¹. The main bands are assigned to the two independent O–H groups in the primitive structure. The two minor bands evidencing the presence of small amount of vacant A-site (^A□_0.05). With increasing T, these bands shift continuously and merge into a unique absorption at high temperature. A change as a function of increasing T is revealed by the evolution of the refined unit-cell parameters, whose trend shows a transition to C2/m at about 320–330°C. The spontaneous scalar strain, fitted with a tricritical 2–6 Landau potential, gives a T _c of 325(10)°C (β parameter = 0.27). Comparison with the second-order P2₁ /m ⇔ C2/m phase transition at 255°C for synthetic amphibole ^ANa_0.8^B(Na_0.8Mg_1.2)^CMg₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂ indicates that the substitution of Na with Li at the B-sites strongly affects the thermodynamic character and the T _c of the phase transition. The comparison of LNMSH amphiboles with cummingtonitic ones shows that the high-T thermodynamic behaviour is affected by A-site occupancy.     

Low-temperature heat capacities of MgAl<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> and spinels of the MgCr<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>–MgAl<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> solid solution

We present results from low-temperature heat capacity measurements of spinels along the solid solution between MgAl₂O₄ and MgCr₂O₄. The data also include new low-temperature heat capacity measurements for MgAl₂O₄ spinel. Heat capacities were measured between 1.5 and 300 K, and thermochemical functions were derived from the results. No heat capacity anomaly was observed for MgAl₂O₄ spinel; however, we observe a low-temperature heat capacity anomaly for Cr-bearing spinels at temperatures below 15 K. From our data we calculate standard entropies (298.15 K) for Mg(Cr,Al)₂O₄ spinels. We suggest a standard entropy for MgAl₂O₄ of 80.9 ± 0.6 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹. For the solid solution between MgAl₂O₄ and MgCr₂O₄, we observe a linear increase of the standard entropies from 80.9 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ for MgAl₂O₄ to 118.3 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ for MgCr₂O₄.     

Elastic behavior of vanadinite,Pb<Subscript>10</Subscript>(VO<Subscript>4</Subscript>)<Subscript>6</Subscript>Cl<Subscript>2</Subscript>, a microporous non-zeolitic mineral

The high-pressure behavior of a vanadinite (Pb₁₀(VO₄)₆Cl₂, a = b = 10.3254(5), c = 7.3450(4) Å, space group P6₃/m), a natural microporous mineral, has been investigated using in-situ HP-synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction up to 7.67 GPa with a diamond anvil cell under hydrostatic conditions. No phase transition has been observed within the pressure range investigated. Axial and volume isothermal Equations of State (EoS) of vanadinite were determined. Fitting the P–V data with a third-order Birch-Murnaghan (BM) EoS, using the data weighted by the uncertainties in P and V, we obtained: V ₀ = 681(1) Å³, K ₀ = 41(5) GPa, and K′ = 12.5(2.5). The evolution of the lattice constants with P shows a strong anisotropic compression pattern. The axial bulk moduli were calculated with a third-order “linearized” BM-EoS. The EoS parameters are: a ₀ = 10.3302(2) Å, K ₀(a) = 35(2) GPa and K′(a) = 10(1) for the a-axis; c ₀ = 7.3520(3) Å, K ₀(c) = 98(4) GPa, and K′(c) = 9(2) for the c-axis (K ₀(a):K ₀(c) = 1:2.80). Axial and volume Eulerian-finite strain (fe) at different normalized stress (Fe) were calculated. The weighted linear regression through the data points yields the following intercept values: Fe _a (0) = 35(2) GPa for the a-axis, Fe _c (0) = 98(4) GPa for the c-axis and Fe _V (0) = 45(2) GPa for the unit-cell volume. The slope of the regression lines gives rise to K′ values of 10(1) for the a-axis, 9(2) for the c-axis and 11(1) for the unit cell-volume. A comparison between the HP-elastic response of vanadinite and the iso-structural apatite is carried out. The possible reasons of the elastic anisotropy are discussed.     

Structural changes and valence states in the MgCr<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>–FeCr<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> solid solution series

The influence on the structure of Fe²⁺ Mg substitution was studied in synthetic single crystals belonging to the MgCr₂O₄–FeCr₂O₄ series produced by flux growth at 900–1200 °C in controlled atmosphere. Samples were analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analyses, optical absorption-, infrared- and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The Mössbauer data show that iron occurs almost exclusively as ^IVFe²⁺. Only minor Fe³⁺ (<0.005 apfu) was observed in samples with very low total Fe. Optical absorption spectra show that chromium with few exceptions is present as a trivalent cation at the octahedral site. Additional absorption bands attributable to Cr²⁺ and Cr³⁺ at the tetrahedral site are evident in spectra of end-member magnesiochromite and solid-solution crystals with low ferrous contents. Structural parameters a₀, u and T–O increase with chromite content, while the M–O bond distance remains nearly constant, with an average value equal to 1.995(1) Å corresponding to the Cr³⁺ octahedral bond distance. The ideal trend between cell parameter, T–O bond length and Fe²⁺ content (apfu) is described by the following linear relations: a₀=8.3325(5) + 0.0443(8)Fe²⁺ (Å) and T–O=1.9645(6) + 0.033(1)Fe²⁺ (Å) Consequently, Fe²⁺ and Mg tetrahedral bond lengths are equal to 1.998(1) Å and 1.965(1) Å, respectively.     

Yellow fluorescence from baghdadite and synthetic Ca3(Zr,Ti)Si2O9

Baghdadite from Fuka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan shows a bright yellow fluorescence under UV (Hg 253.7 nm) excitation. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum at 300 K consists of one large band near 580 nm and two small UV bands at 318 and 397 nm. The optical excitation spectrum of the bright yellow fluorescence consists of two bands near 220 and 250 nm. The temperature dependence of the PL intensity exhibits linear thermal quenching. To reveal the origin of the bright yellow fluorescence from baghdadite, powder Ca₃(Zr,Ti)Si₂O₉ crystals are synthesized. Synthetic Ca₃(Zr,Ti)Si₂O₉ shows luminescence spectra similar to those of baghdadite, and the intensity of the yellow fluorescence is markedly increased by titanium addition. The origin of the bright yellow fluorescence from baghdadite is ascribed to the existence of titanium.