云南中甸地区晚白垩世斑岩型Mo-Cu矿床磷灰石、锆石裂变径迹年代学研究

云南中甸地区位于西南三江铜钼铅锌金多金属矿集区的南端,是一个独具特色的Cu-Mo多金属复合叠加成矿带.本文采用裂变径迹低温热年代学技术对区内晚白垩世铜厂沟、休瓦促、热林成矿斑岩体,进行了锆石、磷灰石裂变径迹分析测试,开展了晚白垩世以来的构造热史演化模拟,揭示了区内构造-岩浆成矿事件及热史演化过程.研究表明,锆石裂变径迹年龄值变化于52±2～96±5 Ma;磷灰石裂变径迹的年龄值变化于15±1～48±3 Ma,总体变化幅度不大,中心年龄与池年龄在误差范围也基本一致.通过锆石、磷灰石的裂变径迹分析,揭示出云南中甸地区自晚白垩世以来主要经历了三个阶段的构造热事件.第一阶段(96～60 Ma),主要为岩浆侵位后快速降温的热史演化阶段;第二阶段(52～39 Ma),为缓慢的降温作用过程;第三阶段(16～15 Ma),揭示了受中新世以来青藏高原隆升造山作用的影响,该区经历了快速降温的地质演化过程.综合锆石裂变径迹、磷灰石裂变径迹的热史反演结果,表明区内晚白垩世典型成矿斑岩体具有相似的隆升过程和剥蚀历史,并获得了剥蚀量与剥蚀速率的定量计算结果,为区内矿床的资源潜力评价及勘查工作提供了科学参考.     

西秦岭阳山金矿带成矿热年代学:锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹研究

阳山金矿带因其独特的构造位置、超大型金资源量以及成矿后区域发生大规模隆升剥蚀事件,成为矿床学领域研究热年代学的理想选区。本文针对金矿带成矿后热历史演化开展锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹研究,获得如下成果：（1）锆石裂变径迹年龄值分布范围为(287.0±21)～(101±3) Ma(1σ),且不同岩性的年龄值各有特征,砂板岩锆石裂变径迹年龄值跨度最大(287～107 Ma),千枚岩锆石裂变径迹值分布范围为177～101 Ma,斜长花岗斑岩中锆石裂变径迹年龄值为193～185 Ma;（2）磷灰石裂变径迹年龄值分布范围为(69±7)～(46±14) Ma(1σ),径迹长度及其分布特征显示金矿带在晚白垩世—古新世的地层冷却表现为单调且缓慢地通过磷灰石裂变径迹的封闭温度。根据金矿带热历史演化分析,结合研究区古地温梯度、成矿深度数据,得出泥山矿段先于葛条湾矿段剥蚀,阳山金矿带自白垩纪以来地层总剥蚀厚度约为12.24 km,矿体剥蚀厚度上限约为880 m,推测阳山金矿带北部地层剥蚀少的矿段有较大的找矿潜力。     

碧口地块东-北缘中、新生代构造隆升及演化：来自磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹的证据

青藏高原具有复杂的构造演化特征,该地区自中、新生代以来的构造隆升和构造演化机制一直是地质研究的热点。为精细刻画青藏高原板块、华北板块和华南板块之间的拼合关系及差异性隆升特征,对位于青藏高原东北端的碧口地块进行了磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹测试,以及热史模拟和岩石冷却速率计算。结果锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹年龄分别在（118±5～265±29）Ma和（29.0±2.7～54.0±7.0）Ma之间;碧口地块东北缘及北缘冷却速率接近,在3.125～3.448 ℃/Ma之间,东缘冷却速率相对较低,为2.041～2.273 ℃/Ma。结果表明,中、新生代以来,碧口地块及其周缘总体上经历了持续隆升过程,但不同地区隆升特征具有差异性：碧口地块北侧在早、中侏罗世（151±7）Ma经历了构造挤压和隆升过程;东部相对较晚,在晚侏罗世（143±11）Ma经历了构造隆升阶段;东北端在早白垩世才与华北板块拼接并进入持续构造隆升阶段。进入古近纪（54.0±7.0）Ma隆升阶段,即始新世早期后,碧口地块东缘在始新世中后期（44 Ma）开始发生构造隆升,北缘自渐新世中晚期（29～32 Ma）开始发生显著的构造隆升。上述区域在10 Ma（中新世晚期）共同进入快速隆升阶段。     

四川甘孜-理塘金成矿带成矿时代与构造活动的裂变径迹研究

通过对甘孜-理塘金矿带内6个金矿区的11个磷灰石和锆石的裂变径迹数据分析,并对磷灰石数据进行热历史模拟,分析讨论了甘孜-理塘金矿带的成矿时代、构造热历史和构造事件.锆石裂变径迹结果显示金成矿时代主要为82～140Ma,属早白垩世成矿,并由南往北成矿时代具有变小的趋势,其中南段为124 ～ 140Ma,中段107Ma,北段约82Ma.磷灰石年龄亦具有同样趋势,矿石年龄为14 ～ 27Ma,围岩为88～ 95 Ma.金矿带自燕山期以来,主要经历3个演化阶段,200～ 140Ma处于退火带中,为缓慢降温期,140 ～ 30Ma为相对平缓降温阶段,30Ma以来为快速降温期.从南到北降温速率依次加快,从锆石封闭温度250℃降至磷灰石封闭温度100℃的平均速率分别为1.46℃/Ma、1.67℃/Ma和2.21℃/Ma,对应的隆升速率为48.7m/Ma、55.7m/Ma和73.7m/Ma;从100℃降至地表温度的速率为3.15℃/Ma、5℃/Ma和6.07℃/Ma,对应的隆升速率为104.9m/Ma、166.7m/Ma和202.4m/Ma.甘孜-理塘带的大规模陆内隆升主要在3Ma内,平均20℃/Ma,667m/Ma,属于快速隆升,隆升量约2km.     

滇西北甭哥碱性岩有关金矿床多阶段剥蚀历史和保存示踪:磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学证据

造山带背景下矿床的矿后剥蚀历史及保存示踪研究,有助于理解区域成矿作用和指导找矿勘查与评价。滇西北甭哥金矿床是一个与印支期碱性岩有关的热液型金多金属矿床,金储量已达中型规模,但对其矿床成因和成矿潜力仍不明朗。该矿床处在西南三江造山带北段与扬子地台西缘的交汇地带,是香格里拉印支.燕山期巨型斑岩.矽卡岩型Cu-Au-Mo多金属矿集区的组成部分,是开展矿床剥蚀历史及保存示踪研究的理想地区。本文以甭哥金矿区含矿碱性岩体为研究对象,通过系统的剖面实测、样品采集和磷灰石裂变径迹测试,经热史模拟,估算其隆升历史及剥蚀深度。结果表明,甭哥金矿区自喜马拉雅期以来主要经历了42~32Ma、32~16Ma和16~6Ma三期隆升.剥蚀事件,三组年龄较好地限制了其构造热事件活动时限,该构造事件在西南三江地区具有普遍一致性;含矿岩体的隆升量及隆升速率分别为5852~6422m和0.21~0.39mm/a,剥蚀量和剥蚀速率分别为2130m和0.07~0.14mm/a;其最大剥蚀量远小于成矿深度,表明该矿床形成后的剥蚀程度弱,保存状况较好,尚具有较大的找矿前景。     

西秦岭南缘阳山金矿带磷灰石LA- ICP- MS裂变径迹热年代学研究

位于西秦岭文县弧形构造带的阳山金矿，是勉略缝合带内已探明金资源最大的独立金矿，且金矿形成后经历多期次构造活动，因此阳山金矿是研究矿床热演化、变化与保存的理想选区，其研究成果可用来约束金成矿时限，同时定量的隆升剥蚀数据可为深部找矿及矿床储藏提供远景潜力评价依据。本文采集钻孔矿化接触带中英云闪长斑岩脉，利用LA- ICP- MS技术进行裂变径迹测年。3件样品磷灰石裂变径迹年龄中心值为124. 3±6. 4 Ma、146. 4±6. 3 Ma和117±13 Ma，其中一件样品磷灰石裂变径迹平均长度为12. 11 μm。热历史反演的时间- 温度曲线表明，在146 Ma阳山金矿带内英云闪长斑岩脉体温度下降到磷灰石裂变径迹封闭温度区间（60～120℃），即在侏罗纪晚期或白垩纪早期之后，研究区几乎没有大规模岩浆活动或热液活动，缺乏与燕山期同时期区域性岩浆活动相对应的热事件。磷灰石裂变径迹年龄数据分析认为，即使金矿带在喜马拉雅期可能存在微弱的热事件扰动，但岩浆热液活动规模较小且对金成矿作用贡献微乎其微。结合磷灰石热历史时间- 温度曲线，阳山金矿带大规模成矿事件的时间集中在210～195 Ma区间，且热历史反演曲线未显示有后期成矿叠加。通过与阳山金矿带三个矿段热历史对比，证实阳山金矿带与区域相比存在差异化隆升剥蚀，且安坝矿段相较于葛条湾、泥山矿段剥蚀程度弱，是成矿与储矿的理想地段，推测剥蚀少的复背斜核部有较大的找矿潜力。     

新疆阿尔泰造山带构造活动的磷灰石裂变径迹证据

从对新疆阿尔泰造山带西部构造活动的研究中获得一批较为系统的磷灰石裂变径迹分析结果。 32个磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为 (16 3.0± 6 .4 )～ (4 6 .9± 7.2 )Ma ,平均径迹长度为 (14 .5± 0 .1)～(11.3± 0 .4 ) μm ,长度标准差为 1.4～ 2 .7μm。区内具有 3阶段热历史 :约 110Ma之前处于约 10 0～12 0℃较高温稳定阶段 ,然后在约 110～ 4 0Ma期间发生快速冷却与隆升事件 ,从约 4 0Ma开始发生另一较为缓慢的冷却事件。总体上自北而南 ,剥蚀速率和冷却速率均逐渐变小。文中裂变径迹资料表明 ,阿尔泰山西段主要断裂带现在向南倾斜 ,区内构造演化亦主要受Tesbahan、Kulti和Basei三条断裂带逆冲热事件的控制。     

金川铜镍硫化物矿床晚中生代以来抬升冷却事件的磷灰石裂变径迹约束

金川铜镍硫化物矿床位于阿拉善地块西南缘的龙首山隆起,大地构造位置属于华北板块西南边缘。该矿床形成后的保存与变化过程认识不足,尤其是其抬升冷却历史尚未明确。明确金川铜镍硫化物矿床自晚中生代以来抬升冷却时期及速率,为提高对其成矿动力学过程的认识及今后深部找矿工作提供依据。本文结合区域热年代学数据,采用基于LA-ICP-MS的磷灰石裂变径迹分析和热史反演模拟,综合讨论了金川矿区晚中生代以来的抬升和冷却过程。金川铜镍硫化物矿区南部白家嘴子组的3个混合岩样品产生的裂变径迹池年龄依次为40.8±5.4 Ma、30.8±10.4 Ma和50.9±4.6 Ma。利用磷灰石裂变径迹数据及反演模拟热史结果,揭示金川岩体及围岩晚白垩世以来(～100Ma)经历了两个构造抬升阶段:(1)晚白垩世-晚中新世时期岩体相对缓慢抬升,(2)晚中新世以来,岩体快速冷却并被抬升至地表。金川地区晚中新世(～8Ma)发生的快速抬升是对区域构造演化(喜马拉雅运动Ⅱ)的响应,其动力学环境为南、北双向构造挤压力作用之下,印度板块向北挤压俯冲楔入到青藏高原之下,导致青藏高原不断向北楔入,同时位于祁连山地体之下的阿拉善地块岩石圈地幔向南...     

塔北中新生代构造演化与砂岩型铀成矿作用关系——来自磷灰石裂变径迹的证据

塔里木盆地北部萨瓦甫齐及塔里克地区4个样品的磷灰石裂变径迹测年以及热史反演结果显示,两个地区的隆升时代不同,其中萨瓦甫齐地区裂变径迹年龄为3．5～3．9Ma,而塔里克地区的裂变径迹年龄为53～59Ma。热史分析揭示出岩体至少记录了自晚白垩世以来的3个显著冷却阶段。同时,结合前人对塔北中新生代隆升剥蚀研究结果,重点对塔北地区中新生代构造隆升阶段进行了详细研究与划分,结合新疆中新生代砂岩型铀成矿年龄,提出了对塔北地区中新生代构造演化与砂岩型铀成矿作用的新认识。     

裂变径迹分析法研究河北南梁金矿床成矿时代及其热历史

河北南梁（下营坊）金矿不同蚀变带中锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹实测年龄为153.9-103.3Ma，其成矿时代应属于燕山早期，成矿时间持续50Ma以上，成矿热历史总体上是早期温度高、冷却快，晚期温度低、冷却慢，转变时间在120Ma左右，转变温度在100℃左右，呈现两期热液成矿过程，第一期热液金矿矿活动发生在150Ma前后，与花岗斑岩体的侵位有关；第二期金成矿作用发生在135Ma前后，与流纹斑岩和岩浆隐爆角砾岩的形成有关。锆石裂变径迹年龄相当于早期成矿时代，磷灰石裂变径迹年龄相当于晚期成矿时代。矿区石英-绢云母化蚀变作用发生时间不仅比钾比蚀变早，而且持续时间亦比钾化长。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.