鄂尔多斯盆地南部奥陶系马六段白云岩特征及形成机制研究

鄂尔多斯盆地马六段在盆地大部分地区被剥蚀,仅在盆地周缘地区分布,因此,有关该盆地马六段白云岩成因研究较少。本文通过对马六段白云岩岩石学特征、阴极发光特征、微量元素特征以及碳氧同位素地球化学特征进行分析,对鄂尔多斯盆地南部马六段白云岩特征及形成机制进行了研究。研究结果表明,盆地南部马六段白云岩主要由细—中晶白云岩组成,白云石具"雾心亮边"结构,阴极发光呈暗红色光。微量元素总体上具有较低的Fe、Mn值,平均值分别为447×10~(-6)和62×10~(-6),较高的K、Na值,平均值分别为517×10-6和252×10~(-6),以及中等含量的Sr元素值,平均值为155×10~(-6)。δ~(13)C值平均为-0.617‰,δ~(18)O值平均为-7.6‰,以上特征均反映出海源流体特征。白云石的"雾心"和"亮边"结构中微量元素含量相差不大,认为是在相同成岩环境的不同成岩阶段形成,其中"雾心"形成于浅埋藏环境的渗透回流白云石化作用,而"亮边"是在深埋藏环境下对早期白云石的调整和加强。     

塔里木盆地和田河气田下奥陶统白云岩成因

塔里木盆地和田河气田是最近探明的大型碳酸盐岩气田,下奥陶统主要发育两类白云岩。下部为层状白云岩,以细晶为主,阴极发光呈紫红色和蓝紫色,有序度为0.57～0.68,Sr、Na含量低,碳氧同位素偏负,成岩深度约1500m;上部斑状灰质白云岩与层状白云岩相比,晶形较粗、以中晶为主,有序度较高、为0.85～0.90,Sr偏高、Na偏低,碳氧同位素更偏负,成岩深度约2000m。通过对上述特征综合研究,认为层状白云岩形成于早期浅埋藏海水-淡水混合环境,提出斑状灰质白云岩形成于晚期深埋藏压实流-淡水混合环境,总结了两种成因机理,建立了相关的白云石化模式。     

四川盆地东南缘下志留统龙马溪组白云岩特征及成因分析

发育在前寒武系—古生界、中生界黑色页岩中的白云岩夹层常见，但研究甚少，对其特征和成因不甚明晰。位于四川盆地东南缘的黔北地区广泛发育龙马溪组黑色页岩，在桐梓赵家湾、桐梓白杨树等剖面见页岩中夹中层状深灰色白云岩，笔石种属鉴定显示白云岩沉积于龙马溪组第5段笔石层(LM5)。本次研究利用显微薄片观察及扫描电镜、阴极发光、电子探针、微量元素、碳氧同位素等测试分析，对该套白云岩进行了岩石学、矿物学和地球化学研究。测试结果表明，桐梓白杨树剖面中白云岩呈纹层状产出，为泥晶—粉晶白云岩，粉晶白云石常具环带结构，在镜下可见“雾心亮边”结构。在阴极发光下白云石整体发光性较差，个别晶体发暗红色光。白云岩的碳、氧同位素均负偏于同时期海水，δ¹⁸O负偏程度更大，推测为受到埋藏作用的影响。电子探针测试显示白云石的“雾心亮边”所含成分不同，“亮边”中FeO和MnO含量更高，显示为两期白云石化作用的产物。白云岩的亚毫米极纹层可能显示着微生物/有机质作用下原生白云石沉淀，在埋藏过程中白云石发生重结晶，在此过程里铁、锰元素加入，从而形成交代成因的含铁白云石及铁白云石，交代不彻底者具“雾心亮边”或环带结...     

塔里木盆地塔中地区上寒武统三种截面特征白云岩的岩石地球化学特征与成因研究

塔里木盆地寒武系白云岩分布范围广,厚度大,是非常重要的油气储层。研究以塔中地区上寒武统白云岩为对象,试图通过岩石学与地球化学分析方法探讨白云岩的成因问题。塔中地区上寒武统白云岩可划分为雾心亮边型自形粒状细晶白云岩、洁净明亮型自形粒状粗晶白云岩、截面污浊型自形（他形）粒状白云岩;岩石学分析表明,雾心亮边型白云岩可能为两世代交代产物,洁净明亮与截面污浊型白云岩为单世代交代产物。雾心亮边型白云岩与截面污浊型白云岩的Mg/Ca摩尔比变化在在0.76～0.93之间,截面污浊型他形粒状白云岩Mg/Ca比平均值最高,指示其演化程度较高;雾心亮边型白云岩与洁净明亮型白云岩皆表现出核部富Mg、边部富Ca特征,指示亮边部分云化流体中大气水的含量更高。雾心亮边型白云岩、截面污浊型自形粒状白云岩与截面污浊型他形粒状白云岩平均有序度值分别为0.51、0.6、0.69,指示了雾心亮边型白云岩交代速度较快,截面污浊型他形粒状白云岩由于受到了热作用导致其具有高的有序度与演化程度。雾心亮边型白云岩与截面污浊型白云岩富集Rb、Th、Ti等元素,稀土元素配分模式呈平缓右倾特征,体现了蒸发海水特征;雾心亮边型白云岩与截面污浊型白云岩的δ13C值变化为-2.5‰～-1.0‰,δ18O值变化为-8.3‰～-5.4‰,指示了白云岩形成于低温环境,交代流体为蒸发海水,同时雾心亮边型白云岩低δ18O特征反映了大气水的参与;雾心亮边型白云岩与截面污浊型白云岩87Sr/86Sr比值变化在0.708 835～0.709 204,与古海水一致。因此,雾心亮边型白云岩为两世代交代产物,第一世代交代雾心,交代流体以蒸发海水为主,第二世代为亮边,交代流体以海水与大气水混合为主;洁净明亮型白云岩为由海水与大气淡水组成的混合水云化的产物,只是核部交代期混合水中海水比例高,边部交代期混合水中大气水混合比例高;截面污浊型则由蒸发海水交代形成,他形粒状结构白云岩为自形粒状白云岩经热改造而成,导致了其具有较高的有序度与87Sr/86Sr比值。     

川西地区中二叠统栖霞组白云岩成因分析

川西地区栖霞组白云岩成因及其与峨眉山玄武岩喷发热事件关系颇有争论。在野外剖面、岩心观察基础上,通过岩石学、全岩及矿物微区地球化学分析方法对其研究,结果表明川西地区栖霞组白云岩（石）可分为残余砂屑白云岩、晶粒白云岩以及鞍状白云石、脉体充填白云石四类。残余砂屑白云岩与晶粒白云岩均呈块状,阴极发光较暗,稀土配分模式与泥微晶灰岩相似,δ13C、87Sr/86Sr多处于同期海水范围内,δ18O略偏负,Ce负异常,残余砂屑白云岩Eu呈负异常,而晶粒白云岩Eu多为正异常。微区δ13C、δ18O分析显示,残余砂屑白云岩的白云石雾心与亮边内δ13C均处于同期海水范围内,δ18O亮边较雾心偏负;晶粒白云岩中不同大小的晶粒白云石微区δ13C、δ18O显示相近特征,表明这两类白云岩均为海水浅埋藏成因,但受到后期热流体叠加改造。曲面他形粗晶鞍状白云石充填于裂隙与溶蚀孔洞内,镜下具波状消光特征,发亮红色光,δ13C与二叠纪海水相近,δ18O明显负偏,Eu呈正异常,指示鞍状白云石为热液成因。脉体白云石岩石学与地球化学特征表明其为晚期埋藏成因。川西地区栖霞组白云岩主体为浅埋藏成因,峨眉山玄武岩喷发期热液对其叠加改造,仅西南地区充填裂隙与溶洞的鞍形白云石为热液成因。     

四川甘溪泥盆系观雾山组白云岩特征与其形成条件的关系(英文)

本文通过沉积环境分析,X射线衍射、扫描电镜、同位素及阴极发光分析,讨论了甘溪泥盆系观雾山组白云石的晶体形态及大小、有序度、碳酸钙克分子含量,同位素特征及阴极发光特征与形成条件的关系。中晶白云岩及细晶白云岩分别产于生物层及潮坪环境,为成岩早期地下淡水与海水混合白云岩化作用的产物。低的碳酸钙克分子含量,中-弱的阴极发光强度及低的δ18O、δ13C值。微晶白云岩形成于泻湖环境。白云石具他形粒状晶,差的有序度,高的碳酸钙克分子含量,强的阴极发光强度及高的δ18O、δ13C值,为准同生期高Mg2+/Ca2+值卤水交代碳酸钙软泥形成。     

羌塘盆地昂达尔错地区白云岩成岩结构特征及其成因意义

通过薄片、阴极发光、背散射和扫描电镜等特征分析,根据白云石的晶体颗粒的形态、大小、晶面、接触关系等特征,兼顾白云石的成因信息,将羌塘盆地昂达尔错地区古油藏中白云石划分为粉-细晶曲面它形结构、粉-细晶曲面它形雾心亮边结构、细-中晶直面半自形-自形结构、细-中晶直面半自形-自形雾心亮边结构、细-中晶直面半自形-自形环带结构、中-粗晶曲面它形结构。成岩结构特征反映了成岩期不同成岩流体作用叠加的多成因模式,包括准同生阶段蒸发咸化海水成因、浅埋藏阶段蒸发咸化海水的回流或下渗扩散交代成因、中-深埋藏阶段埋藏白云石化成因以及深埋藏阶段与构造运动相关的热液交代成因。白云岩中常见的残余粒屑结构和藻纹层结构反映出原始的浅滩相、潮坪相及生屑滩相等高能沉积环境更有利于该区白云岩的形成,原始的沉积微相控制着白云岩化作用的发育和白云岩的空间展布。     

渤海沙西北构造带下古生界碳酸盐岩潜山白云岩形成机制研究

通过岩心薄片、扫描电镜、碳氧锶稳定同位素、X衍射有序度及微量元素特征分析,系统研究了渤海湾盆地沙西北 构造带碳酸盐岩潜山白云岩的地球化学特征及成因机制。结果表明,沙西北构造带下古生界白云岩可划分为泥晶白云岩、 颗粒白云岩、泥质/灰质白云岩和鞍状白云岩四类,各类白云石特征差异明显。泥晶和颗粒白云岩δ18O大于-7‰,87Sr/86Sr值 与海水值接近,为0.7090~0.7120,Na2O含量较高,大于0.06%,有序度偏低,薄片中可见石膏,为准同生成因。泥质/灰质 白云岩为细晶结构,δ18O偏负,为-8‰~-10‰,87Sr/86Sr为0.7120~0.7140,Na2O含量降低,有序度变大,镜下见次生加大亮 边,为埋藏成因。鞍状白云岩为中粗晶结构,贫δ18O,87Sr/86Sr较高,薄片中见辉绿岩,为热液成因。本区白云岩以准同生 和埋藏成因为主,局部沿断裂可能存在热液成因。奥陶系沉积时期主要发生埋藏白云石化和溶蚀作用,是增加白云岩有效 孔隙的重要阶段,为优质储层形成起到了建设性作用。     

羌塘盆地南部地区布曲组砂糖状白云岩埋藏成因的新证据

羌塘盆地南部中侏罗统布曲组广泛发育东西向延伸长达100余千米的层状白云岩,它们具有典型的晶粒镶嵌结构,孔隙度最高达17.48%,且有油浸显示,是目前寻找优质储层的主要勘探目标。本文采用铸体薄片、阴极发光、包裹体测温、碳氧同位素等分析手段对这套含油白云岩进行了研究,结果表明该套白云岩为高温埋藏成因。白云岩包裹体均一温度分布在100～175℃之间,这一温度范围超过了近地表和浅埋藏阶段混合水成因白云岩范围,且雾心亮边结构的白云石在高温深埋藏阶段白云岩化过程中也可以形成,且亮边与核心光性方位一致,是空隙流体直接沉淀形成的共轴增生加大边。根据包裹体盐度的测量计算结果表明白云石化流体具有高盐度卤水特征。     

滇西宁蒗-丽江地区泥盆系白云岩的成因

本区泥盆系主要为一套碳酸盐岩沉积物,以白云岩为主。其形成机理以混合水白云石化作用为主。以白云岩镜下结构为飘浮菱面体结构、接触菱面体结构、直边镶嵌结构及缝合镶嵌结构。阴极发光和电子探针分析结果表明:混合云化形成的白云石从中心到边缘,Fe++、Mn++富集,K+贫化,形成白云石雾心亮边的特点,阴极发光则表现为具核心和环带。在地下成岩及深埋环境中,巨晶白云石在单偏光下具褐色环带,阴极发光下因富铁而呈黑红色-不发光。     

Dolomite–silica stromatolites in Miocene lacustrine deposits from the Duero Basin, Spain: the role of organotemplates in the precipitation of dolomite

This research provides an ancient analogue for biologically mediated dolomite precipitation in microbial mats and biofilms, and describes the involvement of highly structured extracellular polymeric secretion (EPS) templates in dolomite nucleation. The structure of EPS is shown to match the hexagonal–trigonal lattice geometry of dolomite, which favoured the epitaxial crystallization of dolomite on the organic substrate. This structure of EPS also matches the arrangement of silica nanospheres in opal, which further accounts for the organically‐templated formation of opal enabling the non‐replacive co‐existence of dolomite and silica. The study is focused on a 50 m thick dolomite succession that is exposed in central areas of the Tertiary Duero Basin and was deposited in a mudflat‐saline lake sedimentary complex during the Middle to Late Miocene (9 to 15 Ma). In the intermediate intervals of the succession, poorly indurated dolomite beds pass gradually into silica beds. On the basis of sedimentological, compositional, geochemical and petrographic data, silica and dolomite beds have been interpreted as mineralized microbial mats. The silica beds formed in marginal areas of the lake in response to intense evaporative concentrations; this resulted in the rapid and early precipitation of opal. Silicification accounted for the exceptional preservation of the microbial mat structure, including biofilms, filamentous and coccoid microbes, and EPS. Extracellular polymeric secretions have a layered structure, each layer being composed of fibres which are arranged in accordance with a reticular pattern, with frequent intersection angles at 120° and 60°. Therefore, the structure of EPS matches the lattice geometry of dolomite and the arrangement of silica nanospheres in opal. Additionally, EPS binds different elements, with preference to Si and Mg. The concurrence of suitable composition and surface lattice morphologies in the EPS favoured the crystallization of dolomite on the substrate. In some cases, dolomite nucleation took place epicellularly on coccoid micro‐organisms, which gave way to spheroid crystals. Organic surfaces enable the inorganic mineral precipitation by lowering the free energy barrier to nucleation. Most of the microbial mats probably developed on the lake floor, under sub‐aqueous conditions, where the decomposition of organic matter took place. The subsequent formation of openly packed dolomite crystals, with inter‐related Si‐enriched fibrils throughout, is evidence for the pre‐existence of fibrillar structures in the mats. Miocene dolomite crystals are poorly ordered and non‐stoichiometric, with a slight Ca‐excess (up to 5%), which is indicative of the low diagenetic potential the microbial dolomite has towards a more ordered and stoichiometric structure; this confirms that microbial imprints can be preserved in the geological record, and validates their use as biosignatures.     

Petrographic and geochemical study of Jurassic dolostones from Lebanon: Evidence for superimposed diagenetic events

The Jurassic rock sequence in Lebanon is characterized by pervasive dolomitization (thickness > 1000 m). Two distinct dolostones are recognized within this rock succession: fine-to-medium crystalline seepage-reflux grey dolostone and coarse-crystalline hydrothermal beige dolostone. In this contribution, field, petrographic, and geochemical investigations on a dolostone ‘tongue’, occurring in Late Jurassic carbonates in central Lebanon, are discussed. The dolostone ‘tongue’ consists predominantly of the beige Late Jurassic hydrothermal dolostones. During and/or after the deposition of the overlying continental sandstones (Early Cretaceous), meteoric water percolated through the sand layers and into the underlying beige dolostones. This resulted first in dolomite intracrystalline dissolution, and then in the precipitation of oxides/hydroxides within the pore space. Finally, the precipitation of ferroan dolomite cement — from reduced fluids during a new stage of burial — took place. This study attempts to explain how superimposed diagenetic events result in a single pervasive dolostone body.     

Petrographic and geochemical evidence for the formation of primary, bacterially induced lacustrine dolomite: La Roda 'white earth' (Pliocene, central Spain)

Upper Pliocene dolomites (‘white earth’) from La Roda, Spain, offer a good opportunity to evaluate the process of dolomite formation in lakes. The relatively young nature of the deposits could allow a link between dolomites precipitated in modern lake systems and those present in older lacustrine formations. The La Roda Mg‐carbonates (dolomite unit) occur as a 3·5‐ to 4‐m‐thick package of poorly indurated, white, massive dolomite beds with interbedded thin deposits of porous carbonate displaying root and desiccation traces as well as local lenticular gypsum moulds. The massive dolomite beds consist mainly of loosely packed 1‐ to 2‐μm‐sized aggregates of dolomite crystals exhibiting poorly developed faces, which usually results in a subrounded morphology of the crystals. Minute rhombs of dolomite are sparse within the aggregates. Both knobbly textures and clumps of spherical bodies covering the crystal surfaces indicate that bacteria were involved in the formation of the dolomites. In addition, aggregates of euhedral dolomite crystals are usually present in some more clayey (sepiolite) interbeds. The thin porous carbonate (mostly dolomite) beds exhibit both euhedral and subrounded, bacterially induced dolomite crystals. The carbonate is mainly Ca‐dolomite (51–54 mol% CaCO₃), showing a low degree of ordering (degree of ordering ranges from 0·27 to 0·48). Calcite is present as a subordinate mineral in some samples. Sr, Mn and Fe contents show very low correlation coefficients with Mg/Ca ratios, whereas SiO₂ and K contents are highly correlated. δ¹⁸O‐ and δ¹³C‐values in dolomites range from ?3·07‰ to 5·40‰ PDB (mean=0·06, σ=1·75) and from ?6·34‰ to ?0·39‰ PDB (mean=?3·55, σ=1·33) respectively. Samples containing significant amounts of both dolomite and calcite do not in general show significant enrichment or depletion in ¹⁸O and ¹³C between the two minerals. The correlation coefficient between δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C for dolomite is extremely low and negative (r=?0·05), whereas it is higher and positive (r=0·47) for calcite. The lacustrine dolomite deposit from La Roda is interpreted mainly as a result of primary precipitation of dolomite in a shallow, hydrologically closed perennial lake. The lake was supplied by highly saturated HCO₃^?/CO₃^2? groundwater that leached dolomitic Mesozoic formations. Precipitation of dolomite from alkaline lake waters took place under a semi‐arid to arid climate. However, according to our isotopic data, strong evaporative conditions were not required for the formation of the La Roda dolomite. A significant contribution by bacteria to the formation of the dolomites is assumed in view of both petrographic and geochemical evidence.     

四川盆地西部中二叠统白云岩/石的主要结构类型——兼论其与川东北上二叠统—三叠系白云岩/石的差异

白云岩/石的结构在白云岩成因研究中具有重要意义。四川盆地西部中二叠统栖霞组的白云岩具有与盆地东北部上二叠统长兴组-三叠系不同的结构:盆地西部中二叠统栖霞组除存在一部分斑状晶白云岩以外,总体上缺乏原始结构保存的白云岩,白云石具有特征的非平直晶面他形晶和鞍形晶,且晶体较大;盆地东北部上二叠统长兴组-三叠系非常发育原始结构保存的白云岩,结晶白云岩也以晶体较小的平直晶面自形晶-半自形晶为主。对碳酸盐岩中白云石含量的分布模式而言,盆地西部中二叠统栖霞组出现频率最高的是白云石含量40%~60%的过渡岩石类型,这是一种非经典的分布模式,而盆地东北部上二叠统长兴组-三叠系则缺乏这样的过渡岩石类型,出现频率最高的是白云石含量大于90%和小于10%的端元岩石类型,这是一种经典的分布模式。白云岩/石的结构特征的差异反映盆地西部中二叠统栖霞组白云岩较高的结晶温度、较低的流体Mg/Ca比值、较短的白云化作用持续时间和不彻底的回头白云化作用;盆地东北部上二叠统长兴组-三叠系则主要是相对低温的,高Mg/Ca比值海源流体的彻底白云化作用。     

U-Pb同位素定年分析在热液对白云岩储层改造研究中的应用——以塔里木盆地古城地区下奥陶统鹰三段为例SCIEI北大核心CSCD

古城地区是塔东探区的重点勘探区块,下奥陶统鹰三段是塔东探区首要的勘探层系。探寻多期热液作用改造后的优质白云岩储层是扩大研究区勘探成果的关键。本文在储层岩石学特征判识的基础上,应用U-Pb同位素定年技术,结合碳氧锶镁同位素和稀土元素分析测试,分析了热液性质,明确了热液作用发生的确切时期及期次,探讨了热液作用对白云岩储层的影响。研究结果表明,古城地区鹰三段白云岩储层发育准同生-浅埋藏海水成因的粉晶-中晶白云岩及热液作用产物。热液作用可划分为二期:第一期为中-晚奥陶世贫镁热液,表现为鞍状白云石充填缝洞及重结晶次生加大的粗晶白云石,U-Pb测定年龄为464±12Ma到473.9±9.1Ma,氧同位素值比早奥陶世正常海相白云石明显偏负,锶同位素比值明显高于早奥陶世海水值,稀土元素Eu正异常,锶、铁、镁元素含量低;第二期为晚奥陶世-早志留世钙质热液,表现为方解石充填缝洞及对先存白云石的溶蚀,U-Pb测定年龄为448±15Ma到457.4±6.6Ma,氧锶同位素组成严重偏离同时期正常海相白云石范围,轻稀土元素明显富集,Eu正异常,锶、钙元素含量高,锰元素含量低。第二期热液作用是白云岩储层溶蚀的关键,同期NNE向断裂带作为其输导系统,是优质储层发育的有利部位,为有利区带预测提供依据。     

The role and impact of freshwater–seawater mixing zones in the maturation of regional dolomite bodies within the proto Floridan Aquifer, USA

Palaeogene dolostones from the sub‐surface of Florida are ideal for the study of dolomite maturation because they record the early stages of a secondary dolomite overprint without destruction by later diagenetic overprints. Two distinct dolomite textures occur in the dolostones of the Upper Eocene Ocala and Lower Oligocene Suwannee limestones in west‐central Florida: a porous and permeable sucrosic dolomite and a less porous and relatively impermeable indurated non‐sucrosic dolomite. In both textures, the initial matrix dolomite is dully luminescent, whereas the secondary overprint is dominantly luminescent cement in the Suwannee and only neomorphic luminescent dolomite in the Ocala. The abundance of luminescent dolomite ranges from 2% to 38%, which translates to 1·6 km³ of material in the Suwannee and 13·5 km³ in the Ocala. Extrapolated trace‐element contents (Sr and Na) and δ¹⁸O values for the matrix and luminescent end‐members indicate a marine origin for the matrix dolomite in both units, and a freshwater–seawater mixing‐zone origin for the secondary luminescent dolomites. The δ¹⁸O values indicate that a saline, middle mixing‐zone environment overprinted the Suwannee but a more dilute mixing zone affected the Ocala. Fluid–fluid mixing models constrained by modern Floridan aquifer hydrochemistry and extrapolated ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values of the luminescent phases indicate that the mixing zones operated during the Late Miocene to Pliocene in the Ocala and affected the Suwannee in the Pliocene. The luminescent Suwannee mixing‐zone cement reduced porosity up to threefold and permeability up to 100‐fold, which converted many sucrosic dolomites to indurated dolomites. By contrast, the neomorphic luminescent Ocala dolomite did not have an appreciable impact on the maturations. Although freshwater–seawater mixing zones were not the sites of the initial dolomitization, the mixing‐zone environment did dramatically overprint and mature the regionally widespread dolomites of the Ocala and Suwannee limestones. This maturation occurred shortly after formation of the proto‐Floridan aquifer; the timing suggests the matrix dolomites were ‘ripe’ for alteration and that the only prerequisite for mixing‐zone dolomite is pre‐existing dolomite substrates to reduce kinetic barriers. In contrast to recent claims, the results of this study demonstrate that mixing zones can be effective in forming regionally significant amounts of secondary dolomite and influencing the petrophysical maturation of dolomite bodies.     

Dolomite Mountains and the origin of the dolomite rock of which they mainly consist: historical developments and new perspectives

Beginning in the late 18th Century, the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy have been the location for major sedimentological developments, from the discovery of the mineral dolomite to the formulation of the coral-reef hypothesis to explain the origin of the massive dolomite structures that define the splendid scenery of the region. Further, the Dolomite Mountains have inspired voluminous research into the origin of dolomite, questioning whether dolomite is a primary precipitate or a secondary replacement product. Recently, with the recognition that microbes can mediate dolomite precipitation, a new geomicrobiological approach, combining the study of modern natural environments with bacterial culture experiments, is now being used to calibrate or interpret microbial evidence derived from the dolomite rock record. This three-pronged methodology applied to the study of dolomite formation holds great promise for future research into the 'Dolomite Problem' and provides a new impetus to revisit the Dolomite Mountains in the 21st Century.     

塔里木盆地古城地区奥陶系鹰山组白云岩特征及孔隙成因

奥陶系鹰山组白云岩是塔里木盆地的重点勘探领域,优质白云岩储层是制约其勘探的关键难题。本文在前人研究基础之上,结合多口井岩心薄片观察、同位素、微量元素等地球化学分析,对古城地区奥陶系鹰山组白云岩成因、孔隙成因以及储层主控因素进行了深入研究,认为古城地区鹰山组发育粉晶、粉细晶、细晶、细中晶、中晶、粗晶6种白云岩。粉晶和粉细晶白云岩碳、锶同位素分布范围均与同时期灰岩一致;氧同位素值与同时期白云石一致或偏正;锶元素含量相对较高;稀土元素与同时期灰岩分配模式相同。以上特征表明该类白云岩形成于蒸发海水环境,为准同生海源成因。细晶、细中晶、中晶及粗晶白云岩碳同位素值与同期灰岩总体一致;氧同位素值与正常海相白云石一致或偏负;锶同位素值与灰岩背景值一致或偏高;锶元素含量相对较低;大部分样品Eu正异常。以上特征揭示该类白云岩主要为中浅埋藏成因,并且叠加了早期淡水溶蚀及晚期埋藏-热液改造。孔隙成因分析表明高能缓坡滩是孔隙形成的物质基础、准同生暴露溶蚀是孔隙形成的关键、早期白云石化有利于孔隙的继承和保存,构造破裂和埋藏-热液溶蚀对孔隙起到有利的改造作用。白云岩规模优质储层受控于云化滩和断裂热液溶蚀改造,二者叠合之处为规模优质储层发育区。这一认识为研究区下一步勘探部署提供了重要依据。     

塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组白云岩储层特征及成因

利用钻遇肖尔布拉克组的13口井和2条露头剖面的资料,分析了白云岩储层的宏观和微观特征,认为塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组主要发育9类岩性,孔隙的发育具有明显的岩相选择性,指出粉—细晶白云岩、砂屑白云岩、藻格架白云岩、泡沫绵层石白云岩、叠层石白云岩、凝块石白云岩和粘结(颗粒)白云岩是储层的主要载体。通过岩石学特征、多参数地球化学特征分析,结合地质背景,研究了肖尔布拉克组白云岩储层的成岩作用序列和孔隙演化史,明确了高能丘滩相的多孔沉积物是储层发育的物质基础,早表生期大气淡水溶蚀作用是储层形成的关键,埋藏(热液)溶蚀作用使储层得到了改善。     

贵州云台山岩石特征及其峰丛—峰林地貌成景意义

云台山峰丛—峰林的成景岩石主要为白云岩和（含）灰质白云岩,灰岩仅在峰丛—峰林基坐部分见及。成景岩石结构主要为颗粒结构和晶粒结构,且颗粒结构（颗粒和填隙物）、晶粒结构（晶粒白云石和少量泥质、少量陆源碎屑）在空间上各自顺层偏集呈层分布。此外,白云岩孔隙发育,孔隙类型有孔洞和裂隙两种,区内构造运动改造了原来的孔隙,加宽、加深其横纵向展布,增强孔隙的连通性,使原来较细级孔隙相互贯通成较大一级孔隙网,在水的溶蚀及机械崩塌等地质作用下成景。