薛家岗遗址出土古玉器的材质特征

通过肉眼和显微镜观察，采用比重法、硬度法、X射线衍射法、红外光谱法、激光拉曼光谱法等无损仪器检测法对122件薛家岗出土玉器进行了玉种鉴定，探讨了玉器的物理性质和结构特征，并提出了出土古玉器的保护问题。分析结果表明，肉眼鉴别风化严重的古玉器，误判几率较大；彻底排除玉器内空气的影响，比重法分析可准确判定严重受沁古玉器的物相组成；古玉器内部与表层在颜色、致密度等存在差异，但主要物相组成相同。     

原子荧光光谱法测定水样中砷含量的保存剂的探讨

采用原子荧光光谱法测定水样中砷的含量，分别用盐酸和硫酸作保存剂，从不同酸度、稳定性及加标回收率三方面进行了对比试验分析，结果表明采用原子荧光光谱法测定水样中砷含量时，用盐酸作保存剂的测定结果比较理想。     

我国贵金属饰品成色检验进展

介绍了贵金属饰品检验的主要进展，内容包括无损检验法(密度法、X荧光光谱法、电子探针法等)和有损检验法(火试金重量法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法、重量法、滴定法、原子吸收法、库仑法等)，评述了各种方法的适应性、优缺点，认为根据不同检测对象采用综合检验法是较好的选择。引用文献71篇。     

间接确定磷灰石中碳酸根含量的几种方法对比

采用Ｘ射线衍射峰对法，电子探针－化学式计算法与红外光谱法分别测定了２８个不同产状磷灰石中的结构碳酸根含量；对比评述了实验结果，讨论了三种间接测定方法的的优缺点及及各自的适用范围。     

国外近年水质分析新方法述评

为适应当前水质分析的各种要求,近年来,国内外在水质分析中使用了一系列新技术新方法,例如原子吸收光谱法,原子荧光光谱法,气相色谱法,高效液相色谱法,极谱法,离子选择电极法,电感耦合等离子光谱法,X-射线荧光光谱法以及中子活化分析法等。此外,许多大型精密联用仪器如气相色谱/质谱仪,液相色谱/质谱仪,色谱/红外光谱仪等,近年来也逐渐在水质污染分析中得到了应用,使水质     

微量金化学光谱法标准系列配制及活性炭处理的改进

对微量金化学光谱法中活性炭自理及标准系列配制的方法进行了探索,改进了微量金化学光谱法活性炭处理及标准系列配制。将该法配制的标准系列应用于微量金化光谱测定,提高了分析结果的准确度。用标准试样分析及原子吸收（ＡＡＳ）法验证,结果与标准值及ＡＡＳ法相符。     

原子荧光光谱法直接测定载金炭样品中的砷

建立了原子荧光光谱法直接测定载金炭样品中砷的分析方法。采用硝酸溶样,原子荧光光谱法直接测定载金炭样品中的砷。该方法具有准确度高、流程短、精密度好、速度快等优点。比对试验结果表明,该方法测定结果与全谱直读ICP法结果一致。     

黄金无损检测方法浅析

对近年来普遍采用的黄金无损检测方法做了简单综述,并在此基础上提出了以Ｘ射线萤光光谱法＋静水力学法为主的商业性检测手段。     

海泡石化学物相定量分析

海泡石矿物定量分析通常采用X射线衍射法、红外光谱法。但用化学物相分析进行海泡石矿物定量,至今未见国内外文献报导,本文探索了应用选择性溶解方法进行海泡石矿物化学物相定量分析的可能性。以江西乐平海泡石粘土矿床为对象,研究了粘土层中各种伴生矿物在选择性溶解时     

陆源碎屑沉积物中沉积成因锶钡的选择性提取新技术

正1研究目的(Objective)目前大家进行陆源碎屑沉积物海陆相沉积环境判别时通常采用的是全样总量分析获得的锶钡比来判别沉积环境。全样总量分析主要有两类方法,一类是X荧光光谱法(分熔片法和压片法),另一类为消解液的等离子光谱或质谱法(分熔融法和酸解法)。由于全样总量分析的锶钡既包含有赋存     

华北地台太古宙主要变质岩的平均化学组成

在华北地台太古宙高级变质区和花岗岩，绿岩带内系统采集了变质杂岩体和变质火山岩样品２７７５个，组合成３３９件分析样，采用１５种分析方法对样品进行测试，同时由国际公认的国家一级地球化学标准物质监控分析质量，提出了华北地台长英质片麻岩、变粒岩、麻粒岩和斜长角闪岩２６种变质岩类１３个主成分和６４种微量元素的平均含量     

浙江省中生代火成岩的Nd-Sr同位素研究

本文报道了浙江省21个中生代火成岩的Nd-Sr同位素组成,其中火山岩的ε_Nd值为-12.6——4.9,I_Sr值为0.70613-0.71079,t_DM年龄为1945-1296Ma;花岗岩类的ε_Nd值为-12.9——5.8,I_Sr值为0.70533-0.71208,t_DM年龄为1900-1230Ma,表明两者具有相似的同位素组成。这种相似性在同一火山-侵入杂岩体中表现更为明显,意味着两者在时、空、源方面具有同一性。与扬子地块的相比,华夏地块的中生代火成岩具有较低的ε_Nd值,较高的I_Sr值和较古老的Nd模式年龄,这种差异可能主要同这两个区域内基底变质岩在形成时代和成分上的差异有关。通过Sm-Nd同位素组成的对比研究,笔者认为,浙江境内的中生代火成岩可能主要是由基底变质沉积岩衍生的。原始岩浆的形成可能同中、下地壳岩石的熔融有关。     

Provenance and tectonic setting of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang formation shales in the Yangtze platform,South China: Implications for depositional setting of shales

Geochemical compositions of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation shales in the southeastern Yangtze Platform margin were investigated for provenance, tectonic setting, and depositional environment. The shale samples are characterized by higher abundances of large ion lithophile elements (Cs, Ba, and Pb), lower abundances of high field strength elements (Cr, Sc, and Co) and transition elements (Th, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ta) relative to average shale. North American shale composition (NASC) -normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns are observed, with negative Ce anomalies, negative Eu anomalies, and positive Y anomalies. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) varies from 68.67–74.93. Alkali and alkaline element contents and CIA values suggest that the source rocks have undergone moderate weathering. The index of compositional variability (ICV), Zr/Sc and Th/Sc ratios vary from 0.53 to 1.07, 5.31 to 8.18 and 0.52–1.02, respectively. ICV values and relationships between Zr/Sc and Th/Sc ratios indicate negligible sedimentary recycling. The Al₂O₃/TiO₂ (14–26) and TiO₂/Zr (56–77) ratios imply that the source rocks of the investigated shales had intermediate igneous compositions. However, Cr/V ratios and a La/Th–Hf discrimination diagram suggest that the intermediate compositional signal of the source rocks was derived from a mixture of 75% mafic and 25% felsic igneous rocks rather than intermediate igneous rocks. The major source was the Jiangnan continental island arc with bimodal igneous rocks, lying to the south of the study area, together with a contribution from granites and gneisses uplifted and eroded in the Yangtze Block. Discrimination of tectonic setting using major and trace elements indicates that the source rocks originated in a transitional setting from active continental to passive margin, consistent with the failed intracontinental rift model for the evolution of the South China plate. The Niutitang Formation shales were deposited in a rift basin setting under conditions of anoxic bottom water in a redox-stratified water column, with organic-rich shales prospective for shale-gas production being found in deep-water downslope and basin environments rather than the shallow-water shelf.     

MAJOR AND TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF FIFTEEN JAPANESE IGNEOUS REFERENCE ROCKS BY XRFS AND INAA

Fifteen Japanese igneous reference rocks have been analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and instrumental neutron activation analysis for major and trace elements. Agreement between measured and accepted values is generally favourable with, however, several exceptions. Small systematic discrepancies are noted for MgO, Na2O, Sr, The, Eu, and Lu, which are likely the result of differences in calibration and/or analytical techniques. Zn generally shows poor agreement, suggesting that the rocks are not well characterized for this element.     

济阳凹陷火山岩的岩石学与地球化学

对济阳凹陷的第三系火山岩、基性侵入岩进行了岩石学和地球化学研究,分别总结了火山岩、基性侵入岩岩石类型及其特征。碱性系列玄武岩主要为钠质系列,具上地幔来源的特征。从古新统到渐新统,玄武岩熔融程度降低,岩浆地幔源深度增加。微量元素和同位素的数据表明,第三纪火山岩源区存在不协调现象。稀土元素分析表明,本区玄武岩为大陆裂谷成因。钐-钕、铷-锶及铅同位素的数据表明,火山岩与侵入岩同源,都来自上地幔。玄武岩浆在形成过程中有过不同程度的混合作用,Rb/Sr相关性表明早、晚第三纪的幔源类型上存在差别。第三纪火山岩数据点分布于DMM,EMIH和EMII三个端元之间,反映第三纪火山岩成因与这三个端元不同程度混合有关。本区火山岩成因与幔源有关,地幔不相容成分的特征表明有沉积物混入的可能,不排除是陆壳物质混入,不同深度岩浆的混合也是一种解释。     

石榴石微量元素地球化学及其在沉积物源分析中的应用

石榴石是沉积物中常见的重矿物,其可来源于多种岩石,而且不同类型母岩中石榴石具有多样的地球化学组成,因此碎屑石榴石的地球化学分析在沉积物源研究中应用广泛。通过电子探针分析可以容易地获得单颗粒碎屑石榴石的主量元素地球化学组成,可借此探讨其母岩类型,但也存在一定的局限性,比如中酸性火成岩和部分变沉积岩来源的石榴石通常都具有高Fe、Mn的特征,不易于区分。本文系统地收集了不同岩石类型的石榴石微量元素数据,尝试利用微量元素地球化学的差异性对碎屑石榴石物源分析进行补充。最终得出以下结论:(1)石榴石的稀土元素(REE)组成与钇(Y)元素指标可区分中酸性火成岩和变沉积岩来源的碎屑石榴石;(2)基性岩(橄榄岩、辉石岩)及所对应的变基性岩石(榴辉岩)中石榴石的微量元素地球化学组成相近,但部分橄榄岩来源的石榴石在镨/钬(Pr_N/Ho_N)值和重稀土总量(ΣHREE含量)上与辉石岩和榴辉岩的有显著差别,这一特点可运用于以基性岩母岩为主的碎屑沉积物源研究中;(3)夕卡岩中的石榴石在主量元素地球化学组成上表现为高度一致的高Ca特征,而稀土元素组成具有两种典型的分配模式,岩浆型(指示富铁、氧化环境)与热液型(指示富铝、还原环境)。综上所述,石榴石微量元素地球化学可以有效地运用于沉积物源分析研究中,是其主量元素物源分析方法的重要补充。     

High precision iron isotope measurements of terrestrial and lunar materials

We present the analytical methods that have been developed for the first high-precision Fe isotope analyses that clearly identify naturally-occurring, mass-dependent isotope fractionation. A double-spike approach is used, which allows rigorous correction of instrumental mass fractionation. Based on 21 analyses of an ultra pure Fe standard, the external precision (1-SD) for measuring the isotopic composition of Fe is ±0.14 ‰/mass; for demonstrated reproducibility on samples, this precision exceeds by at least an order of magnitude that of previous attempts to empirically control instrumentally-produced mass fractionation (Dixon et al., 1993). Using the double-spike method, 15 terrestrial igneous rocks that range in composition from peridotite to rhyolite, 5 high-Ti lunar basalts, 5 Fe-Mn nodules, and a banded iron formation have been analyzed for their iron isotopic composition. The terrestrial and lunar igneous rocks have the same isotopic compositions as the ultra pure Fe standard, providing a reference Fe isotope composition for the Earth and Moon. In contrast, Fe-Mn nodules and a sample of a banded iron formation have iron isotope compositions that vary over a relatively wide range, from δ⁵⁶Fe = +0.9 to −1.2 ‰; this range is 15 times the analytical errors of our technique. These natural isotopic fractionations are interpreted to reflect biological (“vital”) effects, and illustrate the great potential Fe isotope studies have for studying modern and ancient biological processes.     

拼合的准噶尔盆地基底: 基底火山岩Sr-Nd同位素证据

在详细岩相学、主元素和微量元素研究基础上, 报道了准噶尔盆地基底不同区块火山岩的Sr-Nd同位素和锆石颗粒年龄研究成果, 结合盆地周缘造山带古生代构造史、古生物、沉积建造、火山岩、侵入岩的综合研究成果, 表明准噶尔盆地基底可能由分属哈萨克斯坦板块、塔里木板块(?) 和西伯利亚板块刚性体外围的岛弧体系经构造软碰撞拼合而成, 它们又经历了块体拼合后的构造-岩浆热事件(如基性岩浆底侵作用) 的进一步改造和影响.      

济阳坳陷第三纪火成岩地球化学特征研究

对济阳坳陷第三纪火成岩样品进行了系统的地球化学分析,分析结果表明：这些火成岩的SiO₂含量较低（大部分低于50%）,属于基性火成岩,岩石类型主要为玄武岩和粗面玄武岩。绝大部分样品的TiO₂含量较高,为1.64%～2.09%,不同于TiO₂含量较低的岛弧火山岩。碱性样品和亚碱性样品数量相当,Na₂O含量都高于K₂O含量,Na₂O/K₂O最高可达2.75。这些样品具有富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）如Rb和Ba,亏损重稀土元素（HREE）如Yb和Lu。具有右倾的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式和原始地幔标准化不相容元素分布模式。源区分析表明,这些火成岩的源区为富集的受过流体交代的岩石圈地幔。运用不活动元素对这些样品进行了构造环境的判别,结果表明这些样品的主体形成于板块内部环境。     

Mass change calculations in altered rock series

A technique is presented whereby precursors of altered rocks in a fractionated rock series can be identified, and changes in chemical components, mass and volume accurately calculated. The procedure utilizes elements with high degrees of immobility in hydrothermal and associated interactive water-rock systems. Igneous rock series, and sedimentary and metamorphic rocks with primary continuity of chemical composition, are amenable to this treatment. In the procedure for igneous rocks, best-fit fractionation lines are established for an immobile igneous compatible-incompatible element pair, the latter element functioning as the fractionation monitor. Alteration paths are linear and pass through the origin. Intersections of the fractionation and alteration lines yield the immobile element concentrations in the precursors to the altered rocks; mobile components are determined from fractionation lines and monitor values. Total mass changes are proportional to the displacement of altered samples from the fractionation line. Masses of other elements in an altered sample (reconstructed values) are recalculated to the concentration of the monitor element in the precursor. Chemical changes are the differences between the calculated precursor compositions and the reconstructed altered rock compositions. Errors are mainly a function of the positioning of the fractionation lines.