内蒙古高尧乌拉白音高老组地质及年代学特征

通过1:50000区域地质调查，运用"火山构造-岩性岩相-火山地层"三重填图方法，将内蒙古东乌旗高尧乌拉白音高老组划分为3个岩性段，一段为火山碎屑沉积岩，二段为中性火山岩，三段为酸性火山岩，构成一个完整的沉积-喷发旋回。早期至晚期岩浆具有由中性向酸性演化的特征。划分出爆发相、侵出相、溢流相、火山通道相、喷发-沉积相及潜火山相等火山岩相；圈出12个Ⅴ级火山机构。获得高尧乌拉白音高老组二段粗安岩和三段流纹岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为128.2±0.9 Ma和125.5±0.5 Ma，表明其形成时代为早白垩世。      

大兴安岭博克图地区中生代火山岩地质特征及地质意义

博克图属大兴安岭火山岩带中部,中生代火山岩浆作用强烈,广泛分布中生代陆相火山岩地层。文章通过对火山岩地层的岩石学特征、地球化学特征研究,探讨了博克图地区中生代火山岩成因及其构造环境。结果表明:1)博克图地区塔木兰沟组以玄武岩和粗面岩为主,满克头鄂博、玛尼吐组和白音高老组以流纹岩为主。2)塔木兰沟组火山岩源区为受俯冲流体交代形成的富集型岩石圈地幔;玛尼吐组-白音高老组火山岩的岩浆来源于下地壳基性岩浆,并且受到了上地壳物质的混染。3)博克图地区中生代火山岩形成于岩石圈伸展和减薄环境,岩浆演化与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合造山后的伸展环境有关。     

内蒙古贺斯格乌拉牧场白音高老组火山岩U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征

白音高老组火山岩在大兴安岭地区广泛分布,本文对大兴安岭中南部贺斯格乌拉牧场白音高老组酸性火山岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素分析,探讨其岩石成因及构造背景。位于大兴安岭中南段东乌旗地区的白音高老组火山岩,主要岩性为流纹岩、流纹质凝灰岩等,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为129. 8±0. 8 Ma、128. 2±2. 8 Ma,属早白垩世早期;从岩石地球化学特征上看,其主量元素SiO_2含量68. 76%～76. 18%、Al_2O_3含量11. 84%～13. 38%,属高钾钙碱性岩石;稀土总量较高,(La/Yb)N 6,(La/Sm)_N 3,显示为轻稀土富集型,δEu显示负铕异常(0. 4～0. 6),微量元素以富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba,贫高场强元素Nb、P、Ti为特征; Sr-Nd同位素组成上具有低I_(Sr)、高ε_(Nd)(t)和低t_(DM)的特征(I_(Sr)=0. 7039～0. 7045,ε_(Nd)(t)=2. 65～4. 39)。火山岩浆来源于下地壳基性物质的部分熔融,综合研究并结合前人资料认为,白音高老组流纹岩形成于滨太平洋板块俯冲后伸展及蒙古-鄂霍次克洋闭合后的综合效应下。     

大兴安岭中段白音高老组火山岩的形成时代及地球化学特征

大兴安岭中段柴河地区白音高老组火山岩主要由流纹岩及流纹质火山碎屑岩等一套酸性火山岩组成。锆石SHIRMP U--Pb定年结果显示白音高老组火山岩的年龄为131±1 Ma,为早白垩世。地球化学测试结果显示,白音高老组火山岩属钙碱性系列,其微量元素亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti、U元素,相对富集Rb、Th、K、Nd、Hf等元素。稀土元素配分曲线右倾,轻重稀土分馏明显,具有明显的Eu负异常。研究表明,白音高老组火山岩来源于下地壳的部分熔融,其形成的构造背景可能为蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋闭合—碰撞造山后的伸展。     

内蒙古多伦晚中生代中酸性火山岩岩石地球化学特征及构造环境分析

多伦地区晚中生代中酸性火山岩地球化学特征表明：区内中酸性火山岩属高钾-钾玄、碱性-钙碱性系列,具后碰撞火山岩特征;岩石轻重稀土分馏现象明显;Rb、K等大离子亲石元素(LILE)及Th、U、Zr、Hf等高场强元素(HFSE)相对富集,Ba、Nb、Sr、P和Ti亏损;岩石锆石定年结果显示:满克头鄂博组流纹岩锆石年龄为163.2±2.1 Ma,属晚侏罗世;义县组粗面岩锆石年龄为144.2±1.4Ma,属早白垩世;岩浆起源为中-下地壳,部分存在地幔组分的混合。早期火山旋回中的岩石组合具有不同的岩浆来源,晚期火山旋回中的岩石组合具有相同的岩浆来源,岩浆演化特征以分离结晶作用为主。通过岩石化学和岩石地球化学特征对岩石形成的大地构造环境研究认为：满克头鄂博组到玛尼吐组位于碰撞后-火山弧构造环境,玛尼吐组到白音高老组位于火山弧-弧后伸展构造环境,白音高老组到义县组位于弧后伸展-裂谷构造环境。     

内蒙古东乌旗敖包查干地区中生代陆相火山构造特征

通过对内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗(简称东乌旗)敖包查干地区中生代陆相火山岩地质调查、同位素年龄测定、岩性岩相分析,划分出两个火山活动旋回(满克头鄂博旋回和白音高老旋回),恢复了9个古火山机构,识别出11个火山口,确定中生代火山喷发时限约为30～40 Ma.两个火山活动旋回均以偏中性安山质火山碎屑岩、熔岩开始到酸性火山碎屑岩、熔...     

内蒙古扎鲁特旗白音高老组火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

内蒙古扎鲁特旗地区发育的白音高老组,其岩性主要为一套酸性火山岩组成。锆石U-Pb测年结果显示白音高老组火山岩的年龄为127 Ma±1.2 Ma(MSWD=0.80)。为早白垩世。岩石地球化学数据表明:白音高老组火山岩具有高硅富碱(wSiO2平均为75.84%,wNa2O+K2O平均为8.63%)、贫镁(0.05%~0.12%)、贫钙(0.18%~0.28%)的特征。相对富集元素Rb,Th和U;亏损元素Sr,Ti,P。稀土总量(ΣREE)偏低(ΣREE介于125.10×10-6~158.20×10-6之间)。(La/Sm)N介于3.15~5.20之间,轻稀土元素分馏较为明显;具有明显的负Eu异常(δEu平均值0.40);稀土元素分配模式为右倾型。研究显示,该地区火山岩具有A型花岗岩的特征,其形成机制由下地壳玄武质岩石部分熔融,与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋的演化有关,形成于造山后的伸展环境。     

大兴安岭乌奴尔地区白音高老组流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄及形成地质背景讨论

【研究目的】大兴安岭分布着中国东北最大的中生代火山岩带,白音高老组是该中生代火山岩重要组成部分,白音高老组的年代学及地球化学特征可为大兴安岭地区构造演化提供基础地质资料。【研究方法】本文对大兴安岭乌奴尔地区白音高老组流纹岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年和岩石地球化学测试。【研究结果】流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄为（127.6±1.2）Ma,属早白垩世。岩石地球化学数据显示,岩体属高硅高钾弱过铝质钙碱性系列。岩石整体富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba,亏损大离子亲石元素Sr和高场强元素Nb、P、Ti,LREE相对富集,HREE相对亏损,具有中等的富Eu异常（δEu=0.49～0.87）。【结论】综合区域地质特征及本次研究认为,大兴安岭乌奴尔地区白音高老组流纹岩的形成构造背景可能与古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆之下俯冲作用有关。     

内蒙古阿尔山侏罗纪火山沉积盆地地质特征及 地球化学异常

通过内蒙古阿尔山地区1∶5万区域矿产调查工作,研究了晚侏罗世火山沉积盆地的特征,及其与土壤地球化学异常的关系,认为侏罗纪火山沉积盆地、NE向断裂共同控制成矿元素富集及异常的分布。对阿尔山银江沟上侏罗统白音高老组实测剖面进行岩石光谱分析统计得出,盆地内Au、Cu、Zn、W、Mo、As、Sb、Hg、Mn、Ni含量均低于大陆岩石地层的克拉克值;Ag含量与大陆岩石地层的克拉克值相近;Sn、Bi、Pb含量高于大陆岩石地层克拉克值,其中Pb的含量是大陆岩石地层克拉克值的8倍,个别层位达到146倍。根据火山岩相、控矿构造和地球化学异常等特点,综合认为阿尔山侏罗纪火山沉积盆地具有Pb、Zn、W、Mo、Cu富集成矿的潜力,是重要的找矿目标区。     

西藏措勤地区年波组地球化学及其地质意义

林子宗群年波组为始新世火山岩地层，岩性主要为一套中-酸性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩，局部夹淡水灰岩，野外地质调查资料和室内岩石学、岩石地球化学等综合研究成果，显示这些岩石属钙碱性系列岩石，不相容元素K，Rb，Ba，Th强烈富集和Nb，Sr，P，Ti等元素明显亏损等特征，且明显受区域断裂构造控制，与区域构造演化有密切的内在联系。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Roles of xenomelts,xenoliths, xenocrysts,xenovolatiles, residues,and skarns in the genesis,transport, and localization of magmatic Fe-Ni-Cu-PGE sulfides and chromite

Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

Petrographic, mineralogy, and geochemistry of coals of Pabedana, Kerman Province, Central Iran

This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.     

Alkaline rocks of Samchampi-Samteran, District Karbi-Anglong, Assam, India

The Samchampi-Samteran alkaline igneous complex (SAC) is a near circular, plug-like body approximately 12 km² area and is emplaced into the Precambrian gneissic terrain of the Karbi Anglong district of Assam. The host rocks, which are exposed in immediate vicinity of the intrusion, comprise granite gneiss, migmatite, granodiorite, amphibolite, pegmatite and quartz veins. The SAC is composed of a wide variety of lithologies identified as syenitic fenite, magnetite ± perovskite ± apatite rock, alkali pyroxenite, ijolite-melteigite, carbonatite, nepheline syenite with leucocratic and mesocratic variants, phonolite, volcanic tuff, phosphatic rock and chert breccia. The magnetite ± perovskite ± apatite rock was generated as a cumulus phase owing to the partitioning of Ti, Fe at a shallow level magma chamber (not evolved DI = O1). The highly alkaline hydrous fluid activity indicated by the presence of strongly alkalic minerals in carbonatites and associated alkaline rocks suggests that the composition of original melt was more alkalic than those now found and represent a silica undersaturated ultramafic rock of carbonated olivine-poor nephelinite which splits with falling temperature into two immiscible fractions—one ultimately crystallises as alkali pyroxenite/ijolite and the other as carbonatite. The spatial distribution of varied lithotypes of SAC and their genetic relationships suggests that the silicate and carbonate melts, produced through liquid immiscibility, during ascent generated into an array of lithotypes and also reaction with the country rocks by alkali emanations produced fenitic aureoles (nephelinisation process). Isotopic studies (δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C) on carbonatites of Samchampi have indicated that the δ¹³C of the source magma is related to contamination from recycled carbon.