Cenozoic Volcanism and Intraplate Subduction at the Northern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau

Developed in the Mt.Kunlun orogenic belt at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is an active Cenozoic volcanic zone which is more than 1000km in length and some ten to hundred kilometers in width.It extends east-westwards and is roughly parallet to the strike of Mt.Kunlun.The Cenozoic volcanic rocks are divided into the northern(N-)and southern(S-)subzones.Eruptions of volcanic lavas in the S-subzone are related to an initial rift zone within the north Qiangtang terrane,but the volcanic rocks in the N-subzone are relatively close to the contact zone between the Mt.Kunlun and the Tarim terrane.The space-time distribution,petrological and geochemical features can be explained by a model of southward intraplate subduction of the Tarim terrane.     

New Apatite Fission-Track Ages of the Western Kuqa Depression: Implications for the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of South Tianshan, Xinjiang

The Mesozoic–Cenozoic uplift history of South Tianshan has been reconstructed in many ways using thermochronological analyses for the rocks from the eastern Kuqa Depression. The main difference in the reconstructions concerns the existence and importance of Early Cretaceous and Paleogene tectonic activities, but the existence of a Cenozoic differential uplift in the Kuqa Depression remains enigmatic. Here, we present new apatite fission-track ages obtained for 12 sandstone samples from the well-exposed Early Triassic to Quaternary sequence of the Kapushaliang section in the western Kuqa Depression. The results reveal that there were four pulses of tectonic exhumation, which occurred during the Early Cretaceous(peak ages of 112 and 105 Ma), Late Cretaceous(peak age of 67 Ma), Paleocene–Eocene(peak ages at 60, 53, and 36 Ma), and early Oligocene to late Miocene(central ages spanning 30–11 Ma and peak ages of 23 and 14 Ma), respectively. A review of geochronological and geological evidence from both the western and eastern Kuqa Depression is shown as follows.(1) The major exhumation of South Tians Shan during the Early Cretaceous was possibly associated with docking of the Lhasa block with the southern margin of the Eurasian plate.(2) The Late Cretaceous uplift of the range occurred diachronically due to the far-field effects of the Kohistan-Dras Arc and Lhasa block accretion.(3) The Paleogene uplift in South Tianshan initially corresponded to the far-field effects of the India–Eurasia collision.(4) The rapid exhumation in late Cenozoic was driven by the continuous far-field effects of the collision between India and Eurasia plates. The apatite fission-track ages of 14–11 Ma suggest that late Cenozoic exhumation in the western Kuqa Depression prevailed during the middle to late Miocene, markedly later than the late Oligocene to early Miocene activity in the eastern segment. It can be hypothesized that a possible differential uplift in time occurred in the Kuqa Depression during the late Cenozoic.     

Estimation of the Cenozoic Strike-slip Displacement for Major Faults in the Liaodong Bay Depression and its Geological SignificanceEI北大核心CSCD

Estimation of the strike-slip displacement of faults in basins or covered regions has always been a hot and knotty issue. Based on the fine interpretation of 3D seismic data, we estimated the strike-slip displacements of the Cenozoic evolutionary stages of the main faults in the Liaodong Bay Depression, and analyzed their geological significance, using methods of physical modeling experiments and structural analysis. The results showed that two thirds of the strike-slip displacements of the major faults were converted into the horizontal displacement of those secondary extension faults in the Liaodong Bay Depression. It should be noted that the Liaodong Bay Depression isn't a pure strike-slip basin, and its Cenozoic evolution also influenced by extension, thus, extension amount produced by mantle upwelling should be detracted. Strike-slip movements were generated in the depositional stage of the first and second members of the Shahejie Formation, and the strike-slip displacements of major faults in different evolution stages vary considerably. In terms of the Cenozoic cumulative strike-slip displacement, the displacement of faults in the Liaozhong Sag is the largest, followed by those in the Liaodong Sag, and those in the Liaoxi Sag is the smallest. Among all of the faults, the Liaozhong1 fault had the largest strike-slip displacement. As to the displacement in different stages, the strike-slip displacement of all major faults showed the largest displacement in depositional stage of the Dongying Formation. The Neogene strike-slip displacement of faults is bigger than that of the depositional stage of the first and second members of the Shahejie Formation in the Liaoxi region, while it showed an opposite trend in the eastern Liaodong Bay Depression. The difference of relative strength between extensional and strike-slip stress controlled the difference of structural styles and basin structures in different evolution stages and structural locations in the Liaodong Bay Depression. The Cenozoic strong strike-slip effects in the Liaozhong and Liaodong Sag were presented by the obvious strike-slip characteristics on major faults and structural styles. In the Liaoxi Sag, the obvious “extension strike-slip” superimposed structural style was caused by the extension effects in the early Paleogene and strike-slip effects of the Dongying Formation and Neogene. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.     

Tectonic Environments of Cenozoic Volcanic Rocks in China and Characteristics of the Source Regions in the Mantle

Extensive volcanism is one of the important features of Cenozoic geology in China.Based on temporal-spatial distribution,the volcanism was associated with three major different geological settings:1)the continental rift basalts in Northeast and North China;2)the tension-fault basalts on the continental margins of Southeast China; and 3) the collision-zone high-K volcanics in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its vicinities.The characteristics of “depletion in the south and enrichment in the north“of the China continental mantle are strongly supported by isotopic evidence.The Cenozoic continental cal characters,into the following geochemical provinces:1)the depleted mantle in South China;2)the primary mantle in Northeast and NorthChina; 3)the hybrid and transi-tional mantle in the region of Shandong ,Anhui,Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang;4)the depleted mantle around the Bohai Bay and the Lower Liaohe River;5)the K-metasomatic enriched mantle in the northern part of Northeast China;and 6)the re-cycled enriched mantle in the ancient subduction zone in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its surround-ings.These geochemical characteristics on a regional scale must be a reflection of the nature of lithosphere evolution.     

Genesis of the Cenozoic Sodic Alkaline Basalt in the Xiahe–Tongren Area of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and its Continental Dynamic Implications

正Objective The Cenozoic Indo-Asian collision caused significant crustal shortening and plateau uplift in the central Tibet.The extrusion tectonic model has been widely accepted to explain the strike-slip faults around the Tibetan Plateau.Previous studies indicate that the lower crust flow is the     

The Thermal Structure of the Upper Mantle in Eastern China——Inferred from the Petrological Model

Cenozoic basalt in eastern China contains abundant ultramafic xenoliths which are specimens of pyrolitesreleased during basaltic magma eruption. A total of 405 P-T data of pyroxene in the ultramafic rocks have beencollected, which present a more precise pyroxene geotherm. The average geothermal gradient in the upper man-tle represented by the pyroxene geotherm is about 3.3℃ / km, which is much less than that derived from theconductive thermal model (≈14℃ / km), implying the great significance of convective heat transfer. The calcu-lation shows that the contributions of convective and conductive heat transfers are 79% and 21%, respectively.The perturbation in the thermal structure of the upper mantle is an important manifestation of thetectonothermal event of Cenozoic continental rifting and intense basaltic volcanism in eastern China. Based onthe pyroxene geotherm and its comparison with the current geothermal field derived from the measurements ofthe surface heat flows, it is suggested that the Moho may be a secondary thermal boundary. The currentgeothermal field and the thermal structure of the lithosphere in eastern China may mainly reflect the result ofthe tectonothermal disturbance in the Neogene-Quaternary, in other words, the lithosphere has just begun toCool.     

Study of Residual Basin and Tectonolayering Based on Airborne Gravity and Magnetic Data

This paper takes the South Yellow Sea as an example to show a new method for comprehensive geological-geophysical research such as residual basin and tectonolayering using airborne gravity and magnetic data in China. Based on airborne gravity and magnetic data, by measuring and analyzing stratigraphic density and susceptibility, the depths to the pre-Sinian magnetic basement top, the pre-Jurassic top and the Cenozoic bottom, are obtained by forward and inverse methods constrained by seismic and drilling data; and furthermore, the residual thicknesses of the Sinian–Triassic, the Jurassic–Cretaceous and the Cenozoic are calculated. Based on airborne gravity and magnetic anomalies, the faults in the pre-Sinian magnetic basement, the Jurassic-Cretaceous and the Cenozoic are respectively interpreted by the qualitative and quantitative methods. On the basis of the above study, and combining regional important tectonic events, four tectonolayers are divided in the vertical succession in South Yellow Sea, namely the pre-Sinian magnetic basement, the Sinian-Triassic, the Jurassic-Cretaceous and the Cenozoic. The result shows that there are thick Cenozoic and Jurassic-Cretaceous strata and thin residual Sinian-Triassic strata in the Suzhong-Huangnan depression area, but there are thin or only sporadic Mesozoic-Cenozoic terrestrial strata and thick Sinian-Triassic marine strata reserved in Subei-Huangzhong uplift area and Sunan-Wunansha uplift area. The four tectonolayers are very different in structures as well as distributions in plane.     

Geological Evidence for the Presence of the Emperor Event in China

The presence of the reversals of the geomagnetic field within the Brunhes is indicated by paleomagnetic stuides on Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Leizhou Peninsula, loess strata and Quaternary marine sediments in the Pearl River Mouth basin in China. These regional reversals occured at 0.58±0.13 Ma, 0.45 Ma and 0.47—0.48 Ma respectively according to the results of K-Ar isotopic dating and climatostratigraphic and biostratigraphic analyses. The reversals equivalent to the Emperor Event is suggested.The reversals revealed in different regions with various lithologic characters in China prove that the Emperor Event is a global reversal event rather than a geomagnetic excursion, and its confirmation will permit a precise definition of the Middle/Late Pleistocene boundary.     

Enlightenment of the Mariana Fore-arc Sedimentary Basin Evolution to the Subduction Process

The Mariana subduction structure is a hot topic in ocean-ocean subduction zone research,and its subduction mechanism has attracted wide attention from experts and scholars in China and abroad.Based on the multi-channel seismic data of survey line MGL1204 in the Mariana fore-arc and DSDP ocean drilling data,this paper studies the development and evolution characteristics of the structure and strata in the Cenozoic Mariana fore-arc sedimentary basin.The Cenozoic strata are divided into six seismic sequences,with the possible era of each seismic sequence discerned,and the relationship between fault development and earthquakes analyzed.The episodic activity of the volcanic chain of the Mariana island arc is thought to control the tectonic and stratigraphic development pattern of the Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the fore-arc.Between 16°N-19°N and 146°E-151°E,the maximum thickness of the sedimentary center of the Cenozoic fore-arc sedimentary basin in Mariana is about 2360 m.Normal faults are developed in the area and some broke to the seabed,indicating that the Mariana island arc is still in the post-arc expansion stage.The application of multi-channel seismic sections in structural and stratigraphic evolution study is an important means to elucidating the Mariana subduction mechanism.     

The Discovery and Study of Mantle-Derived Spinel-Lherzolite in the Darbut Ultrabasic Zone, Xinjiang

The spinel-lherzolite under study was discovered in the magnesian ultrabasic rocks in a Palaeozoic ophiolite zone. It occurs as spheroidal inclusions. Its petrofabric features, slip system of plastic deformation, REE distribution and estimation of temperature and pressure conditions of rock formation are all very similar to those of the ultramafic inclusion in Cenozoic and Mesozoic alkali basalt and kimberlite.     

福建紫金山矿田罗卜岭铜钼矿化斑岩锆石LA-ICP- MS U-Pb年龄及成矿岩浆高氧化特征研究

罗卜岭斑岩铜钼矿床是紫金山Cu-Au-Mo浅成低温-斑岩矿田内新近发现的大型斑岩铜钼矿床,本文在岩芯及光薄片系统观察的基础上,分析了矿化斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及锆石Ce4/Ce3+比值.罗卜岭赋矿斑岩体可分为两期,早期为角闪黑云母花岗闪长斑岩及黑云母花岗闪长斑岩,晚期为黑云母花岗闪长斑岩.早期角闪黑云母花岗闪长斑岩和黑云母花岗闪长斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为103.7±1.2Ma,MSWD=0.33和103.0±0.9Ma,MSWD=1.00;晚期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为97.6±2.1Ma,MSWD=6.00.罗卜岭成矿斑岩基质普遍发育硬石膏,两期成矿斑岩锆石都具较高的Ce4 +/Ce3平均值,在630 ～770之间,高于区内非成矿花岗岩锆石的Ce4+/Ce3+平均值(182 ～577),显示罗卜岭斑岩矿床成矿岩浆具有高氧逸度的特征.据罗卜岭斑岩矿床的形成时代、高氧逸度岩浆特征,结合华南地区中生代构造背景,我们初步认为罗卜岭斑岩矿床的形成可能和中生代古太平洋向北西西方向俯冲有关.     

Re–Os and U–Pb Geochronology of the Dawan Mo–Zn–Fe Deposit in Northern Taihang Mountains,China

The Dawan Mo–Zn–Fe deposit located in the Northern Taihang Mountains in the middle of the North China Craton (NCC) contains large Mo‐dominant deposits. The mineralization of the Dawan Mo–Zn–Fe deposit is associated with the Mesozoic Wanganzhen granitoid complex and is mainly hosted within Archean metamorphic rocks and Proterozoic–Paleozoic dolomites. Rhyolite porphyry and quartz monzonite both occur in the ore field and potassic alteration, strong silicic–phyllic alteration, and propylitic alteration occur from the center of the rhyolite porphyry outward. The Mo mineralization is spacially related to silicic and potassic alteration. The Fe orebody is mainly found in serpentinized skarn in the external contact zone between the quartz monzonite and dolomite. Six samples of molybdenite were collected for Re–Os dating. Results show that the Re–Os model ages range from 136.2 Ma to 138.1 Ma with an isochron age of 138 ± 2 Ma (MSWD = 1.2). U–Pb zircon ages determined by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry yield crystallization ages of 141.2 ± 0.7 (MSWD = 0.38) and 130.7 ± 0.6 Ma (MSWD = 0.73) for the rhyolite porphyry and quartz monzonite, respectively. The ore‐bearing rhyolite porphyry shows higher K₂O/Na₂O ratios, ranging from 58.0 to 68.7 (wt%), than those of quartz monzonite. All of the rock samples are classified in the shoshonitic series and characterized by enrichment in large ion lithophile elements; depletion in Mg, Fe, Ta, Ni, P, and Y; enrichment in light rare earth elements with high (La/Yb)_n ratios. Geochronology results indicate that skarn‐type Fe mineralization associated with quartz monzonite (130.7 ± 0.6 Ma) formed eight million years later than Mo and Zn mineralization (138 ± 2 Ma) in the Dawan deposit. From Re concentrations in molybdenite and previously presented Pb and S isotope data, we conclude that the ore‐forming material of the deposit was derived from a crust‐mantle mixed source. The porphyry‐skarn type Cu–Mo–Zn mineralization around the Wanganzhen complex is related to the primary magmatic activity, and the skarn‐type Fe mineralization is formed at the late period magmatism. The Dawan Mo–Zn–Fe porphyry‐skarn ores are related to the magmatism that was associated with lithospheric thinning in the NCC.     

Ages and petrogenesis of the late Triassic andesitic rocks at the Luerma porphyry Cu deposit,western Gangdese,and implications for regional metallogeny

The Tibetan Plateau is one of the most significant Cu poly-metallic mineralization regions in the world and preserves important information related to subductional and collisional porphyry Cu mineralization. This study investigates a new occurrence of Cu mineralization-related andesitic porphyries in the western domain of the Gangdese magmatic belt and assesses its petrologic, zircon U-Pb geochronology, whole-rock chemistry, and Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotope data. Zircon U-Pb dating of three ore-related porphyries yields crystallization ages of 212–211 Ma. These ages are consistent with previous molybdenite Re-Os dating, indicating a late Triassic magmatic and Cu mineralization event in the western Gangdese magmatic belt. Nb, Ta, and Ti depletion, Th and LREE enrichment, and high La/Yb and Th/Yb ratios in addition to high U/Yb ratios from zircons suggest that the magma was generated in an active continental arc setting. The porphyries have radiogenic isotopic compositions with (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i 0.70431–0.70473, ε_Nd(t) +1.1 to +3.8, (²⁰⁷Pb^/204Pb)_i 15.601–15.622, and (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i 38.450–38.693, as well as high positive zircon ε_Hf(t) values from +6.2 to +10.6 (mean value 8.3), corresponding to model ages (T_DM) ranging from 509 Ma to 819 Ma (mean 646 Ma). This suggests that the andesitic magmatism was dominantly sourced from depleted mantle materials that were modified by subducted oceanic sediment-derived melts during the subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. The mineralization-related porphyries contain amphibole and epidote, as well as high whole-rock Fe₂O₃/FeO and zircon Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ ratios, suggesting hydrous and highly oxidized parent magmas. Considering the existing Cu mineralization and highly oxidized magma of the well-preserved Triassic andesitic igneous rocks in the western Gangdese belt, the subduction-related continental arc magma system is favorable for subduction-related porphyry Cu deposits. The existence of Luerma porphyry mineralization demonstrates that there are at least five generations of porphyry Cu-(Mo-Au) mineralization in the Gangdese magmatic belt, which advances the timeframe of porphyry mineralization to the late Triassic.     

Age and Tectonic Setting of Mesothermal Magmatic Hydrothermal Vein‐Type Pb–Zn–(Ag) Mineralization in the Xiaohongshilazi Deposit,Central Jilin Province,Northeast China

The Xiaohongshilazi deposit located in central Jilin Province, Northeast China, is a newly discovered and medium‐scale Pb–Zn–(Ag) deposit with ore reserves of 34,968 t Pb, 100,150 t Zn, and 158 t Ag. Two‐stage mineralization has been identified in this deposit. Stratiform volcanic‐associated massive sulfide (VMS) Pb–Zn mineralization interbedding with the marine volcanic rocks of the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian Daheshen Formation was controlled by the premineralization E–W‐trending faults. Vein‐type Pb–Zn–(Ag) mineralization occurs within or parallel to the granodiorite and diorite porphyries controlled by the major‐mineralization N–S‐trending faults that cut the stratiform mineralization and volcanic rocks. To constrain the age of vein‐type Pb–Zn–(Ag) mineralization and determine the relationship between mineralization and magmatism, we conducted LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating on zircon from the ore‐bearing granodiorite and diorite porphyries and Rb–Sr dating on metal sulfide. Granodiorite and diorite porphyries yield zircon U–Pb weighted‐mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 203.6 ± 1.8 Ma (Mean Standard Weighted Deviation [MSWD] = 1.8) and 225.6 ± 5.1 Ma (MSWD = 2.3), respectively. Sulfides from four vein‐type ore samples yield a Rb–Sr isochron age of 195 ± 17 Ma (MSWD = 4.0). These results indicate a temporal relationship between the granodiorite porphyry and vein‐type Pb–Zn–(Ag) mineralization. The granodiorite associated with vein‐type mineralization has high SiO₂ (68.99–70.49 wt.%) and Na₂O (3.9–4.2 wt.%; Na₂O/K₂O = 1.07–1.10) concentrations, and A/CNK values of 0.95–1.04; consequently, the intrusion is classified as a high‐K, calc‐alkaline, metaluminous I‐type granite. The granodiorite porphyry is enriched in large‐ion lithophile elements (e.g. Rb, Th, U, and K) and light REE and is depleted in high‐field‐strength elements (e.g. Nb, Ta, P, and Ti) and heavy REE, indicating that it represents a subduction‐related rock that formed at an active continental margin. Furthermore, the granodiorite porphyry has Mg# values of 31–34, indicating a lower crustal source. Based on petrological and geochemical features, we infer that the ore‐bearing granodiorite porphyry was derived from the partial melting of the lower crust. In summary, mineralization characteristics, cross‐cutting relationships, geochronological data, and regional tectonic evolution indicate that the region was the site of VMS Pb–Zn mineralization that produced stratiform orebodies within the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian marine volcanic rocks of the Daheshen Formation, followed by mesothermal magmatic hydrothermal vein‐type Pb–Zn–(Ag) mineralization associated with granodiorite porphyry induced by the initial subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasia Plate during the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic.     

U–Pb and Re–Os geochronology and geodynamic setting of the Dabaoshan polymetallic deposit, northern Guangdong Province, South China

The Dabaoshan polymetallic deposit in northern Guangdong Province contains iron, copper, lead, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten and sulfur mineral resources. Porphyry-type Mo(W) and skarn-type Mo-W mineralization occurs along the internal and external contact zones of the granodioritic porphyry, respectively. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating of zircons from two granodioritic porphyry samples yielded a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 175.8 ± 1.5 Ma (MSWD = 0.037) and 175.0 ± 1.7 Ma (MSWD = 0.41). They can be pooled together to yield a combined weighted age of 175.4 ± 1.6 Ma (MSWD = 0.26), which is interpreted as the emplacement age of the granodioritic porphyry. Re–Os dating of three molybdenite samples from porphyry and skarn ores yielded consistent model ages of 163.2 ± 2.3 Ma to 165.2 ± 2.4 Ma, with a weighted mean of 163.9 ± 1.3 Ma (MSWD = 0.81), which is the age of Mo–W mineralization. These ages are consistent with the molybdenite Re–Os model age (164.7 ± 3 Ma) measured by Mao et al. (2004a) for the stratiform Cu–Pb–Zn orebody, and they can yield a weighted mean of 164.0 ± 2.5 Ma (MSWD = 0.16). This implies that Mo–W and Cu–Pb–Zn mineralization in the Dabaoshan polymetallic deposit are the products of one mineralization event. The mineralization in the deposit coincides closely with that of Mo-polymetallic mineralization (164–149 Ma) elsewhere in the Nanling region, comprising an important polymetallic metallogenic belt of south China, and corresponds to the second episode of Mesozoic metallogenesis in South China. Combined with previous studies, we suggest that the Dabaoshan polymetallic deposit is related to post-collisional lithosphere extension in the Nanling region of South China. Geological data and Pb isotopic evolution diagrams, together with stable isotopic data of fluid inclusions (δ¹⁸O = − 3.75–7.0‰, δD = − 50.7 to − 56.1‰) and ore sulfides (δ³⁴S = − 2–3‰), suggest a genetic relationship between the Dabaoshan polymetallic deposit, the granodioritic porphyry and the dacitic porphyry. These data, combined with the Re content (64.7 to 102.4 ppm) of molybdenite, indicate that the ore-forming components were derived from mixed crustal and mantle sources.     

新疆喀喇昆仑喀拉果如木铜矿成矿岩体地球化学和 锆石年代学

喀拉果如木铜矿是近年在新疆喀喇昆仑地区发现的铜多金属矿.铜矿化赋存在二长花岗斑岩中,矿石呈细脉浸染状、斑点状.矿石矿物主要为黄铜矿,少量黄铁矿、斑铜矿和毒砂.围岩蚀变有硅化、绢云母化和青磐岩化,具有与斑岩铜矿类似的蚀变组合.二长花岗斑岩主要由斜长石、钾长石、石英、黑云母及蚀变的暗色矿物组成.二长花岗斑岩的SiO2(67.28％ ～73.08％)、Al2 O3(13.38％～15.53％)、K2O(2.92％ ～6.15％)和Na2O(2.78％ ～4.89％)含量较高,CaO和TiO2含量较低,属于高钾钙碱性系列;富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)和重稀土元素,Nb和Ta负异常,显示准铝质-弱过铝质过渡的特点,岩浆结晶分异作用明显,具有陆缘孤花岗岩的地球化学亲缘性,微量元素显示其为同碰撞-后碰撞花岗岩.成矿岩体锆石LA-ICP-MS测年结果为189.3 ±2.8Ma,成岩成矿作用发生在早侏罗世.结合区域地质演化,本文认为喀拉果如木铜矿形成于南昆仑地体与喀喇昆仑-甜水海地体之间的古特提斯洋消减闭合之后的后碰撞伸展背景,喀喇昆仑在晚三叠世-早侏罗世进入后碰撞造山时期.     

西藏冈底斯矿带南缘矽卡岩型铜矿床含矿岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及意义

西藏冈底斯矿带发育大量斑岩铜钼矿床及铜铅锌多金属矿床,形成斑岩铜矿带及多金属矿带。过去的工作表明,冈底斯带南部矿床同位素年龄多小于30Ma,形成于碰撞期后伸展环境。本文测定了冈底斯矿带南缘克鲁-冲木达矽卡岩型铜(金、钼)矿集区桑布加拉矽卡岩型铜(金)矿化岩体锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄及锆石Ce4+/Ce3+比值。矿化岩体锆石U-Pb年龄:92.1±0.6Ma,MSWD=1.0,锆石Ce4+/Ce3+比值在90～562之间,平均值为287。锆石Ce4+/Ce3+比值和玉龙矿带含矿岩体锆石的比值基本一致,显示矽卡岩矿化岩体岩浆氧逸度较高。印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞时间在65～45Ma之间,桑布加拉矽卡岩型铜矿化岩体锆石U-Pb年龄表明冈底斯带不但发育碰撞期后大规模成矿作用,也发育与洋壳俯冲构造岩浆事件有关的成矿作用。这为冈底斯矿带洋壳俯冲有关矿床的寻找提供了依据。     

西藏冈底斯南缘雄村铜金矿床成矿斑岩厘定及其锆石U-Pb和黑云母Ar-Ar年龄分析

雄村特大型斑岩铜金矿床主要以细脉浸染状产于强烈蚀变岩石中,赋矿岩石原岩成因类型存在争议。本文对多个赋矿蚀变岩石作了系统光薄片显微鉴定,在多个蚀变较弱的矿化样品中发现赋矿岩石具斑状结构,其基质主要为钾长石,斑晶主要为斜长石、钾长石及少量石英,显示石英正长斑岩及二长斑岩(少量)矿物组成特征。结合前人工作,可以认为雄村铜金矿床赋矿岩石为正长斑岩、火山岩及少量二长斑岩。正长斑岩发育斑岩铜金矿床成矿早期常见的钾硅化蚀变及磁铁矿化蚀变,锆石具高的Ce4+/Ce3+比值(334~3084,平均值为1169),显示高氧逸度岩浆特征,和世界斑岩铜金矿床成矿岩体一致;这表明石英正长斑岩为雄村铜金矿床成矿岩体。石英正长斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为173.7±2.1Ma(MSWD=0.23),石英正长斑岩钾化阶段形成的黑云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为48.3±0.9Ma(MSWD=1.58),远小于锆石U-Pb年龄却与矿区东北部始新世花岗岩基的年龄一致,显示Ar-Ar年龄受后期地质事件影响而发生重置。通过上述研究,可以认为雄村铜金矿床为与石英正长斑岩有关的斑岩型矿床,形成时代约173Ma,和新特提斯洋洋壳向北俯冲诱发的岩浆事件有关,矿区内云母受后期地质事件影响重置,不能记录其形成时代。     

西昆仑北带喀依孜斑岩型钼矿床地质地球化学特征及年代学研究

喀依孜钼矿床是近年来西昆仑地区新发现的具规模的斑岩型矿床。钼矿化赋存在花岗闪长岩体边部,由南、北两个矿化带组成,矿石呈浸染状,矿石矿物由辉钼矿及少量黄铁矿和黄铜矿组成。矿石Mo品位0.04%～1.53%,局部达10%～15%。围岩蚀变有钾化、黄铁绢英岩化和青磐岩化等斑岩型矿床蚀变组合。含矿岩体为花岗闪长岩,岩石地球化学具高SiO2、Al2O3,富K2O、Na2O,低CaO、TiO2等特点,属于高钾钙碱性系列,微量元素富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)和重稀土元素,显示Nb和Ta的负异常,与俯冲带岩浆地球化学特征类似,岩石成因可能与俯冲作用有关。含矿岩体锆石LA-ICPMS定年获得250.7±4.7Ma(MSWD=1.6),3件辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄分别为254.4±1.9Ma、257.0±3.4Ma、258.5±2.0Ma,成岩成矿发生在晚二叠世末-早三叠世初。综合区域演化特征,本文认为喀依孜斑岩型钼矿床成因与古特斯洋向塔里木板块俯冲有关,形成于塔里木大陆边缘弧环境。     

滇西马厂箐斑岩型铜钼(金)矿床成岩成矿时代研究

滇西马厂箐铜钼(金)矿床是金沙江-哀牢山构造带与喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩有关的典型斑岩型矿床之一。富碱斑岩侵入体为多期、多阶段岩浆活动形成的复式岩体,已有的研究资料表明岩浆活动时限在64～29 Ma。文中提供的锆石LA ICP MS U Pb和辉钼矿Re Os同位素年代学研究资料显示,马厂箐含矿岩体锆石U Pb年龄(封闭温度约800 ℃时)为(3793±082) Ma,代表了富碱斑岩的成岩年龄;辉钼矿的Re Os年龄(封闭温度约500 ℃)为(3472±05) Ma,代表成矿时代。该研究结果与前人确定的晚期富碱斑岩岩浆活动的时间(32 Ma)相近,也与前人获得的蚀变黑云母K Ar定年(封闭温度300 ℃)结果(351±08) Ma相近,因此可以认为成矿作用与岩体快速冷却过程中发生成矿流体大量分离和出溶有关。成岩作用与成矿作用的时间跨度大约为2 Ma。因此,金沙江-哀牢山多金属成矿带的斑岩型铜钼矿床是与富碱斑岩成岩作用近同期成矿作用的产物,成矿作用时限集中在40~35 Ma左右。