西藏拉抗俄斑岩铜钼矿床黑云母矿物化学特征

西藏冈底斯成矿带拉抗俄斑岩铜钼矿床位于西藏特提斯构造域拉萨地块东段中南部。拉抗俄斑岩铜钼矿床黑云母分为岩浆黑云母和热液黑云母。岩浆黑云母和绢英岩化带的热液黑云母属于镁质黑云母,钾化带的热液黑云母属于镁质黑云母和金云母,具有富镁的特征,是斑岩铜多金属矿床的一个典型特征。成矿岩体花岗闪长斑岩,属于造山带钙碱性岩系,具壳幔混源的成因特点,并且其黑云母与角闪石共生。与钾化带和绢英岩化带的热液黑云母相比,岩浆黑云母具有较高的BaO和TiO2含量。与岩浆黑云母和绢英岩化带热液黑云母相比,钾化带热液黑云母具高Si和Mg(XMg),低Fe;而绢英岩化带的热液黑云母又比岩浆黑云母较高Mg(XMg)。岩浆黑云母温度为706~746℃,平均值725℃;钾化带热液黑云母温度为396~453℃,平均值422℃;绢英岩化带热液黑云母278~372℃,平均值331℃。拉抗俄矿床黑云母氧逸度较高,均为NNO,有利于铜钼矿化形成;从岩浆黑云母到钾化带热液黑云母氧逸度升高,有利于铜钼成矿物质的运移,而从钾化带热液黑云母到绢英岩化带热液黑云母氧逸度降低,温度和氧逸度的变化可能是铜钼沉淀的一个原因。岩浆黑云母和绢英岩化带热液黑云母遵循"F-Fe avoidance"结晶化学规则,而钾化带热液黑云母F与XMg不遵循"F-Fe avoidance"结晶化学规则。岩浆黑云母、钾化带和绢英岩化带热液黑云母Cl与XMg均不遵循"Mg-Cl avoidance"结晶化学规则。黑云母化学成分记录了岩浆结晶过程中流体成分的变化。从岩浆黑云母到钾化带热液黑云母,再到绢英岩化热液黑云母,Ⅳ(F)和Ⅳ(F/Cl)逐渐减小,Ⅳ(Cl)逐渐增大。岩浆向热液演化过程中,F和Cl含量不断增加。岩浆-成矿热液F和Cl的含量的变化,对成矿物质运移和沉淀具有重要的作用。从岩浆黑云母到钾化带热液黑云母,再到绢英岩化带热液黑云母,lg(fHF/fHCl)逐渐减小,lg(fH2O/fHCl)和lg(fH2O/fHF)逐渐增大。岩浆熔体和热液流体存在很大差别;并且绢英岩化热液流体与钾化热液流体也不同,黑云母卤素化学也不代表一种单一的流体;绢英岩化热液流体混合大气水。本文研究结果显示,黑云母化学成分可以反映岩浆的性质和化学成分以及结晶过程中的物理化学条件。     

芙蓉锡矿田骑田岭花岗岩黑云母矿物化学组成及其对锡成矿的指示意义

芙蓉锡矿田骑田岭复式岩体主要由早阶段角闪石黑云母花岗岩和晚阶段黑云母花岗岩组成.电子探针分析结果表明角闪石黑云母花岗岩中的黑云母属于铁黑云母,黑云母花岗岩中的黑云母属于铁叶云母.相对于黑云母花岗岩,角闪石黑云母花岗岩中黑云母的MgO、TiO2含量偏高,Al2O3含量偏低.矿物化学研究结果显示,角闪石黑云母花岗岩中黑云母的结晶温度、氧逸度(logfO2)分别为680℃～740℃、-16.00～-15.31,黑云母花岗岩中黑云母的结晶温度、氧逸度分别为530℃～650℃、-19.20～-17.50.从角闪石黑云母花岗岩到黑云母花岗岩,岩浆结晶温度和氧逸度逐渐降低.与花岗岩有关的共存流体性质的研究发现,与角闪石黑云母花岗岩共存的热液流体log(fH2O/fHF)fluid,log(fH2O/fHCl)fluid,log(fHF/fHCl)fiuid值分别为4.22～4.39,2.78～3.24,-1.82～-1.73,而与黑云母花岗岩共存的热液流体log(fH2O/fHF)fluid,log(fH2OfHCl)fluid,log(fHF/fHCl)fluid值分别为3.27～3.53,2.85～3.22,-0.75～-0.22,可见与两种岩石类型共存热液流体的性质存在明显差异,且热液中Cl、Sn含量变化与岩浆结晶分异指数呈正相关关系.骑田岭岩体从角闪石黑云母花岗岩到黑云母花岗岩,随着岩浆的演化.岩浆结晶期后分异出的热液流体向富Cl和Sn方向演化.芙蓉锡矿田的成矿流体应主要来源于黑云母花岗岩岩浆结晶期后分异出的岩浆热液.     

福建紫金山矿田罗卜岭铜钼矿化斑岩锆石LA-ICP- MS U-Pb年龄及成矿岩浆高氧化特征研究

罗卜岭斑岩铜钼矿床是紫金山Cu-Au-Mo浅成低温-斑岩矿田内新近发现的大型斑岩铜钼矿床,本文在岩芯及光薄片系统观察的基础上,分析了矿化斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及锆石Ce4/Ce3+比值.罗卜岭赋矿斑岩体可分为两期,早期为角闪黑云母花岗闪长斑岩及黑云母花岗闪长斑岩,晚期为黑云母花岗闪长斑岩.早期角闪黑云母花岗闪长斑岩和黑云母花岗闪长斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为103.7±1.2Ma,MSWD=0.33和103.0±0.9Ma,MSWD=1.00;晚期黑云母花岗闪长斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为97.6±2.1Ma,MSWD=6.00.罗卜岭成矿斑岩基质普遍发育硬石膏,两期成矿斑岩锆石都具较高的Ce4 +/Ce3平均值,在630 ～770之间,高于区内非成矿花岗岩锆石的Ce4+/Ce3+平均值(182 ～577),显示罗卜岭斑岩矿床成矿岩浆具有高氧逸度的特征.据罗卜岭斑岩矿床的形成时代、高氧逸度岩浆特征,结合华南地区中生代构造背景,我们初步认为罗卜岭斑岩矿床的形成可能和中生代古太平洋向北西西方向俯冲有关.     

岩背花岗岩黑云母矿物化学研究及其对成矿意义的指示

对岩背火山-斑岩型锡矿含黄玉黑云母花岗岩和含黄玉花岗斑岩中黑云母矿物化学研究表明,含黄玉黑云母花岗岩中的黑云母属于富铁黑云母,含黄玉花岗斑岩中的黑云母属于铁叶云母。含黄玉花岗斑岩的成岩温度为720℃~730℃,logfO2为-15.5~-15.7;含黄玉黑云母花岗岩的成岩温度为510℃~550℃,logfO2为-19.2~-18.7。含黄玉花岗斑岩成岩温度、氧逸度高于含黄玉黑云母花岗岩成岩温度和氧逸度。与含黄玉花岗斑共存热液流体log(fH2O/fHCl)fluid值为4.29~4.99,与含黄玉黑云母花岗岩共存热液流体log(fH2O/fHCl)fluid值为3.15~3.67。因此,相对于含黄玉黑云母花岗岩,含黄玉花岗斑岩岩浆演化过程中分异出的流体富F和Sn,即岩背含黄玉花岗斑岩岩浆演化过程分异出的原始流体以富F和Sn为特征,结合有关岩背Sn矿成矿流体的研究结果,进一步揭示出岩背Sn矿成矿流体为岩背含黄玉花岗斑岩岩浆演化过程分异出的岩浆热液,相对于含黄玉黑云母花岗岩,含黄玉花岗斑岩与锡成矿关系更密切。     

岩浆岩对矽卡岩型铜钼矿化的贡献：以云南金平长安冲铜钼矿为例

长安冲铜钼矿床位于中国西南部哀牢山构造带南段,区内斑岩型/矽卡岩型Cu-Mo-Au矿床广泛出露。前人已对这些矿床成矿斑岩体物理化学条件进行了大量的研究。然而,前人研究主要依据为副矿物锆石主微量元素,对主要造岩矿物关注较少,导致对成矿岩浆演化早期物理化学条件缺乏制约。此外,成矿物质来源也需要更多同位素数据制约。因此,我们对成矿斑岩体开展了系统的单矿物(长石、云母、角闪石)电子探针分析和硫化物S-Pb同位素研究,以制约岩浆岩对矽卡岩型铜钼矿化的贡献。研究表明,角闪石水压计计算结果表明角闪石结晶时岩浆水含量约为3.7%～4.2%,说明成矿岩浆含水量较高。根据角闪石成分分析计算氧逸度值介于?NNO=+1.2～+1.8之间,表明含矿岩浆具有较高的氧逸度。通过角闪石压力计得出角闪石结晶压力为61～106 MPa,通过黑云母压力计得出黑云母结晶压力为32～123 MPa,对应成岩成矿深度为1.3～4.6 km,这一结果与前人流体包裹体研究成果基本一致。主成矿阶段硫化物Pb同位素与成矿斑岩源区的下地壳角闪岩分布一致,δ³⁴S同位素介于0.2‰～1.5‰之间,为岩浆硫。综上,岩浆岩...     

岩浆黑云母和热液黑云母矿物化学研究进展

黑云母是岩浆岩和斑岩型矿床中重要的含水铁镁质成岩硅酸盐矿物。黑云母化学成分可以有效地指示岩浆性质、热液蚀变以及成矿过程。文章基于前人和作者的研究成果,系统地总结了黑云母矿物化学在黑云母分类、地质温度计、地质压力计、氧逸度等方面的应用,对岩石成因及构造背景的指示意义,卤素和卤素逸度评价岩浆热液过程,成矿潜力评价等方面的研究新进展,为斑岩型铜多金属矿床的成矿预测和勘查评价提供了最新的找矿矿物学证据。并提出了黑云母矿物化学在研究中存在的一些问题及未来的研究方向。     

内蒙古大兴安岭中北段铜铅锌金银多金属矿床成矿规律与找矿方向

本文根据内蒙古大兴安岭中北段地质构造演化、成矿特征、中俄蒙邻近地区矿产分布和近年来的地质和找矿工作进展,划分了地质构造单元和成矿区带,总结了该地区主要矿床类型和成矿时代分布规律,提出了多金属矿的找矿方向。本文将大兴安岭中北段可以划分为额尔古纳地块、鄂伦春晚华力西褶皱带和东乌旗早华力西褶皱带三个Ⅲ级构造单元,细分为满洲里-新右旗中生代火山-深成岩隆起区等14个Ⅳ级构造单元。工作区主要矿床类型有矽卡岩型、斑岩型、热液型,其次为海相沉积型、岩浆熔离型、砂矿型和云英岩型,其中斑岩型和热液型矿床是主要矿床类型,热液型矿床可以细分为6个子类型。矿床的分布总体上具有北东呈带、北西向成行特点,根据矿床的分布和区域构造特征可以分为德尔布干和东乌旗-兴安两个北东向Ⅲ级成矿带,13个Ⅳ级成矿区。从成矿时代上看,矿床的形成经历了从早古生代至晚中生代的很长时间,而已晚中生代为主。但不同类型矿床的成矿时代分布有很大差异。单一的斑岩型铜（钼金）矿从早古生代延续至燕山期,而其他类型矿床均形成于燕山期。提示在大兴安岭今后的找矿工作中对于矽卡岩型和热液型矿床主要集中于燕山期构造岩浆活动区,而斑岩型矿床找矿则应同时注意古生代和中生代等构造岩浆活动区。     

黑云母地球化学特征对武山铜矿和竹溪岭钨矿成矿岩浆体系差异的指示

黑云母化学成分差异可反映出岩浆岩的性质(全岩铝饱和指数、I/S型花岗岩)、氧逸度、挥发分特征并指示岩浆源区。为了探究不同岩浆体系的性质对成矿差异性的影响,本文选择与长江中下游成矿带的武山铜矿和江南造山带的竹溪岭钨(钼)矿相关的花岗闪长斑岩中的黑云母作为研究对象,对其开展了岩相学、主量元素和原位微量元素分析。结果表明,两地黑云母均富镁贫铁,竹溪岭岩体中的黑云母相对富集Li、Nb等不相容元素,而武山岩体的黑云母富集Ni、V等相容元素。基于黑云母地球化学特征建立了成岩体系与成矿体系的联系:武山铜矿与黑云母相平衡的岩浆体系具有高Cl、高氧逸度特征,有利于Cu富集成矿;而竹溪岭钨(钼)矿的岩浆体系具高F、低氧逸度特征,有利于W富集成矿。     

黑云母和锆石化学组分对岩浆结晶条件的约束:以滇西北衙超大型金矿床为例

中酸性岩浆含矿性差异一直是矿床学的研究热点。滇西北衙超大型金多金属矿床(探明金资源量超过370t)内发育成矿二长花岗斑岩体和非成矿黑云母二长花岗斑岩体、煌斑岩体,是研究岩体含矿性差异、富碱岩浆结晶时物理化学条件及其成矿效应的良好选区。本文在详细的岩相学观察基础上,对成矿的二长花岗斑岩、未成矿的黑云母二长花岗斑岩和煌斑岩中黑云母和锆石开展矿物化学分析,厘定了北衙富碱岩浆的结晶条件。北衙成矿二长花岗斑岩体的锆石结晶温度(843℃)稍高于黑云母二长花岗斑岩体的锆石结晶温度(807℃),鉴于金在熔体中溶解度随温度升高而增大,表明在岩浆演化初期二长花岗斑岩体具有更高的金溶解度。同时,利用锆石微量元素组分估算的二长花岗斑岩体的lg(f_(O_2))(-10. 67)高于黑云母二长花岗斑岩体(-15. 00),表明二长花岗斑岩体具有更高的氧逸度。在岩浆演化过程中高氧逸度会抑制金以硫化物形式沉淀,从而增强了二长花岗斑岩体的成矿潜力。除此之外,二长花岗斑岩具有最低的黑云母结晶温度(二长花岗斑岩、黑云母二长花岗斑岩、煌斑岩依次对应644℃、723℃、766℃)和最浅的侵位深度(1. 46～1. 74km、4. 03～5. 02km、2. 53～2. 72km)。高压条件下母岩浆中出溶的流体几乎没有能量形成裂隙,而且也很难发生对金属富集有重要影响的流体不混溶作用。二长花岗斑岩体侵位深度与矽卡岩中石榴石发育的含石盐子晶的三相包裹体的捕获深度(～2km)近似,进一步暗示二长花岗斑岩体侵位后发生流体沸腾作用。因此,岩浆氧逸度和侵位深度的差异可能是黑云母二长花岗斑岩体和煌斑岩体未成矿的原因。     

柴北缘阿日特克山铜钼矿床成矿岩体中黑云母和角闪石矿物学特征及其指示意义

阿日特克山铜钼矿床位于青海柴北缘成矿带中北部,为宗务隆构造带新发现的矽卡岩型-斑岩型矿床,矿床隐伏斑岩体中广泛发育黑云母,部分地段还发育角闪石。文章在野外地质工作的基础上,对花岗闪长（斑）岩进行了详细的岩相学研究和黑云母、角闪石成分的电子探针原位分析,初步探讨了成岩过程中的物理化学条件、成岩物质来源及其对成岩成矿的指示作用。电子探针结果显示,花岗闪长（斑）岩中黑云母主要为镁质黑云母,具有高Mg、Ti、K、Fe,低Ca、Na的特点;角闪石为镁质普通角闪石,表现为富Si、Mg、Ca,低Ti、Na、K的特征。黑云母和角闪石温度计算结果显示,花岗闪长（斑）岩中黑云母结晶温度为632～736℃（平均696℃）,角闪石结晶温度为737～764℃（平均749℃）;在黑云母和角闪石同时存在的花岗闪长岩中计算的岩体侵位压力为81～180 MPa,深度为3.07～6.82 km,为中深成斑岩体。黑云母和角闪石矿物化学特征指示花岗闪长（斑）岩属于钙碱性岩系I型花岗岩,具有壳幔混源的特征。岩体中黑云母、角闪石具有较高的结晶温度,其结晶的岩浆具有高的氧逸度及水含量,显示良好的成矿性,指示该地区具有寻找大型斑岩矿...     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.