珠江口内伶仃岛以北水域海底工程地质条件评价

珠江口内伶仃岛以北水域海底工程地质调查表明,该海域海底表层土主要为流泥和淤泥.钻孔揭露海底以下36.6m土层,从上到下依此划分为11层,为流泥、淤泥质土、淤泥、流泥、淤泥、粗砾砂、粉质粘土、中细砂、花岗岩残积土、强风化花岗岩和中风化花岗岩.在综合研究了区域地质、海底地形地貌、地质灾害类型、海底土的物理力学性质、土体稳定性、砂土液化特性的基础上,将研究区划分为工程地质Ⅰ区、工程地质Ⅱ区和工程地质Ⅲ区,进行了工程地质条件和各区的稳定性评价,认为Ⅰ区为次稳定区,Ⅱ区为不稳定区,Ⅲ区为次不稳定区.     

珠江口内伶仃岛以北水域海底工程地质条件评价

珠江口内伶仃岛以北水域海底工程地质调查表明，该海域海底表层土主要为流泥和於泥。钻孔揭露海底以T36．6m土层，从上到下依此划分为11层，为流泥、淤泥质土、淤泥、流泥、淤泥、粗砾砂、粉质粘土、中细砂、花岗岩残积土、强风化花岗岩和中风化花岗岩。在综合研究了区域地质、海底地形地貌、地质灾害类型、海底土的物理力学性质、土体稳定性、砂土液化特性的基础上，将研究区划分为工程地质Ⅰ区、工程地质Ⅱ区和工程地质Ⅲ区，进行了工程地质条件和各区的稳定性评价。认为Ⅰ区为次稳定区，Ⅱ区为不稳定区．Ⅲ区为次不稳定区。     

广西北海近海工程地质特征及特殊问题分析

利用研究区物探处理解释资料及海底表层、钻探地质取样等综合地质调查资料,分析广西北海近海区域工程地质主要特征,并针对土层稳定性、砂土液化及地层承载力问题进行探讨。结果揭示：该区海洋工程地质环境复杂、多样;近岸海底地形起伏较大,坡降可达28‰;地貌类型主要包括潮间浅滩、水下三角洲、水下岸坡、古滨海平原、海底平原;地质灾害因素包括断层、地震、沙波、浅层气、浅埋基岩、埋藏古河道、槽沟、水下浅滩及凸地等;海底有9种土质类型,其中淤泥、粉砂混淤泥、中砂、粗砂分布较为广泛,区域垂向土层可整体划分为4个工程地质层。通过评价后得出研究区黏性土整体稳定性较好,而砂性土在极限波浪作用或强震作用下可能发生大面积液化现象。结合近海一般用桩情况,计算出第二、四工程地质层的承载力值相对较大,可作为区域类似插桩较好的持力层,40 m以内半径0.7 m单桩的极限承载力达26 822 kN     

甘肃西部地区高放废物处置库场址预选调查

本文根据高放废物处置库场址选择的基本要求，对区域地质及深部构造特征、新构造运动及地震分布规律进行了调查，确定北山南带地区为稳定区。在稳定区内根据处置库有利围岩的出露情况，结合岩体工程地质特征分析，初步选出了４个以花岗岩为主体的场址预选区。经综合分析，认为在４个场址预选区中，以Ｉ号预选区的条件最优，其次是Ⅱ号预选区，再次是Ⅲ号和Ⅳ号预选区。场址区的最后确定尚待进一步调查和论证。     

安徽省工程地质分区(摘要)

1:50万比例尺的安徽省工程地质分区图是综合性工程地质图。编图目的是为本省在经济建设中的规划和布置各种类型建筑物提供工程地质依据。在图中分出了四级工程地质区:Ⅰ,区域;Ⅱ,地区;Ⅲ,区;Ⅳ,亚区。第Ⅰ级工程地质区——“区域”根据新构造运动和大地貌条件来划分;分出了基岩区域,过渡区域和堆积区域。第Ⅱ级工程地质区——“地区”是依据划分开不同的岩系组合而决定的。这样,在基岩区域中根据大地构造,在过渡区域根据基岩和表层沉积发育的不同情况,在堆积区域中按第四纪沉积物不同发育组合来划分。所分出的第Ⅰ、Ⅱ级工程地质区如下: Ⅰ、基岩区域: Ⅰ_1、江南台背斜地区; Ⅰ_2、下杨准池槽地区;     

三峡水库引水工程秦巴段工程地质条件研究

在系统调查研究三峡引水工程秦—巴段区域地壳稳定性、活动断裂、工程地质条件和重大工程地质问题的基础上,根据三峡引水工程秦巴地区的工程地质条件及其差异性,初步将其分为六个工程地质区段,即:Ⅰ—四川盆地沉积岩区、Ⅱ—大巴山南麓弧形断褶区、Ⅲ—大巴山断裂较密集的岩溶发育区、Ⅳ—南秦岭断裂较少发育的中轻变质岩区、Ⅴ—秦岭造山带断裂密集发育的高变质岩区、Ⅵ—渭河盆地第四系堆积区。总体评价:Ⅰ和Ⅵ段工程地质条件较好,Ⅲ和Ⅴ段条件较差,重大工程地质问题较多。其中,主要的工程地质问题是岩爆、大变形和突水,特别是秦岭主峰附近可能发生强岩爆、大巴山区可能引发大规模岩溶突水值得高度重视。从区域地质环境、地壳稳定性、线路工程地质条件和主要工程地质问题等因素综合分析3条比选线路的差异,初步认为秦巴段三条输水线路以中线相对较好。     

模糊数学方法在城市工程地质环境区划中的应用——以抚顺市城区为例

在对抚顺市城区地质分析的基础上,通过定性分析和类比方法,选取地质构造、地形地貌、地层条件、地下水条件和不良物理地质作用作为评价因子,利用模糊数学方法对城市工程地质环境质量进行综合评价分析,将抚顺市城区划为3个工程地质环境质量区:工程地质环境质量差区(Ⅰ);工程地质环境质量较差区(Ⅱ);工程地质环境质量一般区(Ⅲ),为抚顺城市规划提供依据。     

振动水冲法碎石桩加固软土地基试验和应用及其允许承载力确定的分析

本文介绍了在三个不同地质条件的工地采用振冲碎石桩加固工业厂房地基的情况。三个工地:Ⅰ区全部为高灵敏性淤泥质粘土;Ⅱ区表层为2～3米吹填细砂,中部为3～5米厚淤泥,下部为细砂层;Ⅲ区5米以上为吹填淤泥质粘性土,以下为可塑中密的粘性土层。在三个工地对碎石单桩、群桩(复合地基)做了较系统的室内土工试验和载荷试验等原位测试工作。     

漳平县洛阳铁矿区南矿段矿山工程地质分区与主要工程地质问题

本文根据几年来在矿区地质勘探期间所获得成果与积累大量的资料,在研究水文地质与工程地质条件的基础上、针对矿体实际提出矿床工程地质分区和存在主要的工程地质问题。列举了大量资料较详细阐明它们对矿山开拓及地下矿坑稳定性的影响。矿山工程地质分区,系根据地形地貌、岩性、构造、水文地质及岩石物理、力学性质等工程地质特征和矿山首期开采水文等原则,将矿山划分为:稳定(Ⅰ)区,较稳定(Ⅱ)区、不稳定(Ⅲ)区及极不稳定(Ⅳ)区等四个工程地质区。论述与预测矿山建设将遇到的五个主要工程地质问题,为矿山开采设计提供较为可靠和丰富的资料,并具有一定的实际意义。     

安徽宣城市工程地质分区研究

为了配合宣城市新一轮的城市规划和建设,对宣城市进行了地质调查。在总结分析了宣城市的基本工程地质条件的基础上,根据对大量钻孔原位测试和岩土样品实验室资料的整理分析,对宣城市进行了工程地质分区,把宣城市分为:漫滩区(Ⅰ)、河间地块区(Ⅱ)、丘陵波状起伏区(Ⅲ)和低山、丘陵区(Ⅳ)4个工程地质区。又根据每个地质区的不同的工程地质特征,把4个地质区详细划分成11个亚区,并对每个分区和亚区的工程地质特征和场地特征进行了阐述和评价,为宣城市的地质问题的预测和治理、合理开发和社会经济发展提供服务。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the