江西宜春黄玉-锂云母花岗岩中的铍矿化作用:铍磷酸盐矿物组合

江西宜春黄玉-锂云母花岗岩是著名的稀有金属花岗岩,P_2O_5含量较高(平均0.56%)。该花岗岩全岩 Be 含量一般超过100×10~(-6),最高可达720×10~(-6),属于铍矿化花岗岩。本文利用电子探针技术对宜春铍矿化花岗岩中的铍磷酸盐及其共生矿物进行了系统研究。研究发现羟磷铍钙石是该花岗岩中的最重要铍矿物(BeO=15%～16%),偶尔亦可见磷钠铍石,它们主要呈晶间副矿物出现在岩体的中部。与铍矿物共生的矿物仍主要为磷酸盐矿物,如氟磷灰石、磷铝锂石、磷铝钠石,表明铍矿化作用与熔体中磷的聚集作用有显著关系。研究认为,宜春黄玉-锂云母花岗岩中铍以磷酸盐矿物形式结晶,而不是硅酸盐矿物,其主要原因可能为该花岗岩的结晶晚期磷的活度远远高于硅的活度,因此,P 优先作为成网离子与铍结合形成铍磷酸盐矿物。     

沉积岩中的含硫和钙的磷锶铝石

一般特点及物理性质龙门山拗陷中段是一个很有意义的泥盆纪沉积磷矿的成矿区。在成矿区的西侧,含磷岩系的岩性序列自下而上为:角砾状和致密块状磷块岩、磷铝质岩、黑色页岩和细砂岩。在磷铝质岩中,有时在磷块岩层上部,产有一种沉积岩中罕见的自生矿物--磷锶铝石的合硫和钙的变种。该矿物首先由段前烈、舒銮绶等同志发现,定名为硫磷铝锶矿,并认为与其变种羟硫磷铝锶矿相当。磷铝质岩呈灰色、晤灰色及灰黑色,有时带咖啡色,中厚层至厚层状(照片1),主要组成矿物是磷锶铝石及粘土矿物(以高岭石为主,有少量水云母),此外尚有磷灰石、黄铁矿、有机质,以及陆源碎屑矿物:电气石、锆石、金红石、磁铁矿、钛磁铁矿等。磷铝质岩成似层状或透镜状产出,沿走向方向在该区南北两端相变为硅质岩。     

贵州坝黄含铀磷质岩中多水硫磷铝石矿物学特征

贵州铜仁坝黄含铀磷质岩岩层表面及节理、裂隙缝中产出大量粉末状、絮状、毛发状白色矿物集合体。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜及能谱(SED)分析,确定该矿物为多水硫磷铝石,粒径约1.55～1.85 mm,单晶形态常呈菱形薄板状,自形,具{001}1组完全解理,吸湿性较强。计算多水硫磷铝石矿物晶胞参数分别为a≈10.8150nm,b≈15.0956nm,c≈22.6058nm,化学式为(Al_(8.75)Fe_(0.75))(PO_4)_(3.26)(SO_4)_(1.24)(OH)_(16.24)·55.67H_2O,与其他地区的多水硫磷铝石比较,坝黄含铀磷质岩中的多水硫磷铝石Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、SO_3、OH~-含量较高,P_2O_5、H_2O含量则有所减少,可能是由于类质同象Fe~(3+)置换Al~(3+),以及表生期强烈的风化淋滤作用过程中OH~-、SO_4~(2-)共同置换PO_4~(3-)所致。坝黄多水硫磷铝石与外生风化作用密切相关,是一类氧化次生矿物,应为含磷沉积物遭受长期表生风化淋滤形成,说明坝黄磷矿在沉积成岩后还经历过表生风化成矿的改造和叠加,次生作用可能导致了原生磷质的迁移、流失。     

苏州高岭土中的变磷铝石及其成因探讨

变磷铝石(Al[PO_4].2H_2O)为含水的铝磷酸盐矿物,其化学成分和磷铝石(Al[Po_4].2H_2O)相同,但晶体结构截然不同,两者为同质二相体,前者属单斜晶系,后者属斜方晶系。变磷铝石结构中的Al可被Fe~(3+)置换,和红磷铁矿(Fe[PO_4].2H_2O)共同组成类质同象系列。变磷铝石在自然界中的产状国内很少报导。经笔者研究在苏州高岭土矿体的底部发现富集有一种球状变磷铝石,其产状特征对研究苏州高岭土成矿后期的淋滤改造很有意义。本文报导该矿物的矿物学特征并对其成因进行了探讨。     

建水矿—一个黑锌锰矿族镁端元的新矿物

建水矿是一种类似黑锌锰矿的含镁新矿物,它是含锰白云岩在表生条件下衍变的产物。建水矿的单晶细小,(5×0.5μm),不透明,棕～棕黑色,密度3.50～3.60g/cm~3。平均反射率(SiC标准,空气中)23.0%,470nm;19.9%,546nm;19.1%,589nm;18.6%。650nm。化学成分(%);CaO1.97,MgO5.29,MnO8.02,MnO_267.65,H_2O~+13.37,K_2O0.00,Zn0.00,SiO_21.20,Al_2O_30.78,P_2O_50.59,Fe_2O_30.52,总计99.39。实验式:(Mg_(0.51)Mn_(0.44)~(2+)Ca_(0.08)_(Σ1.03)Mn_(3.03)~(4+)O_(7.10)2.90H_2O。X射线衍射和红外图谱类似于黑锌锰矿。三斜晶系,空间群。晶胞参数a=0.7534(4)nm,b=0.7525(6)nm,c=0.8204(8)nm,a=89.753(8)°,β=117.375(6)°,γ=120.000(6)°在同一矿区还曾发现少量接近镁端元的建水矿,其化学成分(%)为:MgO 8.52,CaO 2.03,MnO 0.92。MnO_2 68.49,H_2O~+12.60,SiO_23.94,Al_2O_30.91,Fe_2O_3 1.41,P_2O_5 1.63,总计100.45扣除杂质后得到的实验式为:(Mg_(0.85)Mn_(0.05))_(Σ0.91) Mn_(3.15)~(4+)O_(7.20)·2.80H_2O。     

新疆阿尔泰山南缘玛因鄂博高温型强过铝花岗岩：年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

玛因鄂博岩体分布于新疆阿尔泰山南缘玛因鄂博深大断裂北东侧。主体岩石类型包括片麻状英云闪长岩、黑云母花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩。岩石中含有较高的黑云母,并可见夕线石、堇青石、电气石等富铝特征矿物。锆石的 SHRIMP U—Pb 定年表明该岩体结晶年龄为283Ma。岩石具有低的 SiO_2、CaO、Ba、Sr、Nb、P_2O_5、Al_2O_3/TiO_2比值及高 MgO、FeO~T、Cr、Ni、TiO_2、REE(∑REE=126.8×10~(-6)～218.11×10~(-6))、A/CNK(>1.1)等特征,富集轻稀土((La/Yb)_N=5～11),具有中等的 Eu负异常(δEu=0.52～0.74)。上述特征表明该岩体与典型的高温型强过铝花岗岩相似。岩石的 Nd 同位素分析表明,其 Nd 初始值变化大(-0.3～-3.5),而其中辉长岩体的 Nd 初始值为5.5。基于上述,我们认为花岗岩原始岩浆来源于底侵的玄武岩浆引起的低成熟度碎屑岩部分熔融,并有部分玄武岩浆的加入。结合区域地质资料,推测它形成于后碰撞阶段,属于后碰撞强过铝花岗岩。在阿勒泰地区早二叠纪强过铝花岗岩的界定为阿尔泰乃至中亚造山带的后碰撞花岗岩提供了一种重要的岩石成因类型。     

南平花岗伟晶岩中的羟磷铝锂石矿物学研究

羟磷铝锂石是南平稀有金属花岗伟晶岩中的重要标型矿物，可分为原生和次生两大类，最主要的是前者，一般呈块体状，共生矿物主要有销长石，钾长石，锂辉石，铌钽矿物。本文详细讨论了南平羟磷铝锂石的化学成分、Ｘ射线粉晶衍射资料、红外光谱和差热分析结果。南平原生羟磷铝锂石的交代蚀变作用十分发育，按其先后顺序，交代蚀变矿物组合有：石英—叶钠长石、次生羟磷铝锂石、细晶销长石—石英—次生磷灰石、次生复杂磷酸盐矿物和绢云母。     

安徽马鞍山磷铝石宝石矿物学特征研究

近年来在安徽马鞍山地区所在的绿松石矿体附近,相继发现一种绿色、半透明的磷铝石,部分达到宝石级别。本文采用电子探针、X射线粉晶衍射仪、扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、紫外可见光谱仪等测试技术,对该地区磷铝石的化学成分、矿物成分、微观结构和光谱特征进行对比验证和综合分析,研究其水的赋存形式,进而对磷铝石的呈色机制作了深入探讨。电子探针分析显示该地区磷铝石的化学成分主要以Al、P元素组成,含微量的Fe、V元素。X射线粉晶衍射与红外吸收光谱分析表明主要矿物为磷铝石,基本不含有其他杂质矿物;磷铝石是一种水合磷酸盐矿物,含有结晶水以及少量结构水的矿物,且结晶水与结构水多与Al3+(Fe3+)相结合的形式存在。偏光显微镜和扫描电镜观察显示磷铝石整体以鳞片状集合体产出,微观上多以短柱状及板片状堆积,单个晶体显示斜方晶系结晶生长习性。紫外可见吸收光谱中639 nm处吸收谱峰由Fe3+与V3+联合所致,300、423、864 nm处吸收峰由Fe3+所致,说明Fe3+与V3+的共同作用是马鞍山地区磷铝石呈现绿色的主要原因。本研究对于认识该类磷铝石的宝石矿物学性质以及颜色成因具有一定意义。     

我国羟硅铈矿的发现与矿物学特征

本文研究的羟硅铈矿是国内首次发现的该种矿物,产于河南太平镇稀土矿的破碎带蚀变岩中,与铈褐帘石、gatelite-(Ce)、富氟硅铈石、氟碳铈矿、直氟碳钙铈矿、氟铈矿、氟镧矿等稀土矿物紧密共生,多呈铈褐帘石假象细粒状集合体或与gatelite-(Ce)平行交生沿外围交代铈褐帘石产出,粒径一般小于0.1 mm,为自形-半自形,粒状-板状。该矿物呈浅绿色至橄榄绿色,透明,玻璃光泽,不规则断口,摩氏硬度约为4.5,计算密度5.08 g/cm3。光学性质:二轴晶,正光性,多色性明显,单偏光下呈绿色,正交偏光下具有鲜艳的高级干涉色。电子探针分析显示,矿物成分w(Ce_2O_3) 32.05%～34.26%,w(La_2O_3) 13.67%～17.66%,w(Pr_2O_3) 2.92%～3.68%,w(Nd_2O_3) 7.52%～10.34%,w(Al_2O_3) 8.59%～10.93%,w(SiO_2) 21.35%～24.97%,按照Si+P=2(apfu)计算单位分子式中阳离子数,OH+F=1(apfu)计算单位分子式中羟基的离子数,得出该矿物的经验化学式为(Ce1.02La0.49Nd0.27Pr0.10 Sm0.02Gd0.01Th0.01Mg0.06 Ca0.01)Σ2.00 (Al0.99Fe0.03)Σ1.02(SiO4)Σ2.00(OH0.81F0.19)Σ1.00。X射线单晶衍射分析表明,该矿物属于单斜晶系,晶胞参数:a=7.4382(3)?, b=5.6730(2)?, c=16.9819(8)?,β=118.84(0)°, Z=4, V=655.13(5)?3,空间群为P21/c。矿物的激光拉曼光谱特征峰主要为241、362,862、895、954和3722cm-1等,上述特征均与国外已发表的羟硅铈矿数据非常相似,是对羟硅铈矿分子振动光谱特征的首次探索。本文还对羟硅铈矿的矿物族归属以及矿物成因进行了初步的探讨。     

浙江诸暨地开石矿床中的磷铝锶石及其成因探讨

报道了赋存于上侏罗系蚀变凝灰岩型地开石矿床中的磷铝锶石矿物。它的含量不到３％。通过氢氟酸溶蚀，富集了磷铝锶石。用ＸＲＤ和ＩＲ研究了磷铝锶石的矿物学特征，并获得了良好ＩＲ图谱。磷铝锶石矿物具有特征的３４７５ｃｍ－１和３０７０ｃｍ－１ＯＨ吸收峰可区别于其他同族矿物。这种磷铝锶石形成于成岩作用后期，晚于地开石。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

SERIALS

正Acta Geographica Sinica ISSN0375-5444 CN11-1856/P Acta Geologica Sichuan ISSN1006-0995 CN51-1273/P Acta Geologica Sinica ISSN0001-5717 CN11-1951/P Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)ISSN1000-9515 CN11-2001/P Acta Geoscientica Sinica ISSN1006-3021 CN11-3474/P Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica ISSN1000-0674 CN32-1189/Q     

EXPLORATION ENGINEERING

正20141864 Deng Mengchun(Institute of Exploration Technology,CAGS,Chengdu 611734,China);Huang Shenghui Rock Sample Collection and Division Technologies for Air Reverse Circulation Sampling Drilling(Exploration Engineering,ISSN1672-7428,CN11-5063/TD,40(7),2013,p.73-76,80,16 illus.,5 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20142366Bi Yuanqing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Survey Technology of Anhui Province,Hefei 230022,China);Fang Junhua Analysis of Ore-Prospecting Potential in the Taojiaxiang Mining Site,Zongyang County(Geology of Anhui,ISSN1005-6157,CN34-1111/P,23(4),2013,p.256-260,5illus.,10refs.)     

ROCKS & MINERALS DETERMINATION AND ANALYSIS

正20140786Deng Zhenping(Institute of Karst Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Guilin 541004,China);Yang Wen-qiong Application of Stripping Voltammetry with a Solid Amalgam Electrode for Determination of Copper in a Tracer and Groundwater Tracing Experiment(Rock and Mineral Analy-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141283 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geological Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Nature,Origin and Tectonic Setting of Jinzhou Basin in the South Segment of Xuefeng Orogen(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(4),2013,p.1079-1091,10 illus.,47 refs.)Key words:foreland basins,strike-slip faults,Hunan Province     

OCEANOGRAPHY & MARINE GEOLOGY

正20141900Lan Xianhong(Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology,Ministry of Land and Resources,Qingdao 266071,China);Zhang Zhixun Geochemical Characteristics of Trace Elements of Sediments from Drillhole SFK-1     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20141074Bao Xijie(Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Daqing Oilfield Company,PetroChina,Daqing 163712,China)Gather Optimal Processing and Application Effect of Prestack AVA Instantaneous Inversion     

HYDROGEOLOGY & ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

正1.HYDROGEOLOGY20142452Chang Chengcao(Institute of Coalfield Geological Survey and Design of Jilin Province,Changchun 130062,China)Hydrogeological Type Division of Coal Mine No.2Mine in Yitong Manchu Autonomous County,Jilin Province(Jilin Geology,ISSN1001-2427,CN22-1099/P,32(4),2013,p.129-131,3refs.)