中祁连地块西段青白口系其它大坂组英安质凝灰岩LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb年龄及其地质意义

新元古界青白口系其它大坂组是中祁连地块西段基底岩系之一,对研究中祁连地块元古宙地质构造演化具有重要意义。笔者等通过1∶5万区调工作在其它大坂组中发现了英安质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩夹层,并对凝灰岩进行了锆石U- Pb年代学、岩石地球化学研究。测年结果表明样品中锆石年龄主要分3组。结合区域地质资料,笔者等认为第一组锆石（1456～1524 Ma）和第二组锆石（1018～1021 M）为外来锆石或/碎屑锆石,分别为物源区中元古代早期Columbia超大陆裂解事件和Rodinia大陆聚合事件（格林威尔造山作用）在中祁连地块中的响应;第三组锆石（946～964 Ma）的n（206Pb）/n（238U） 加权年龄为958±3 Ma（MSWD=1.4）,代表英安质凝灰岩的形成时代。岩石地球化学分析表明,其它大坂组英安质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩样品属于过铝质（A/CNK=1.37～1.75）、高钾（K2O>Na2O,K2O=4. 48%～4. 86%）、钙碱性（σ=0. 89～1. 26）火山岩,稀土总量为（149. 7～156. 4）×10-6,（La/Yb）N为10. 15～10. 61,具负Eu异常（δEu=0. 62～0. 63）,富集K、Rb、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ti等高场强元素,显示出与岛弧钙碱性火山岩相似的特点,形成于活动大陆边缘环境,是中祁连地块中—新元古代早期Rodinia超大陆形成地质事件的响应。     

内蒙古克什克腾旗大石寨组凝灰岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

本文对内蒙古克什克腾旗长岭子地区大石寨组安山质岩屑晶屑凝灰岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学、锆石原位Hf同位素分析及地球化学研究。测年结果表明样品中锆石年龄主要分七组:3140±19～2826±36 Ma、2761±36～2273±23 Ma、2025±27～1673±89 Ma、1036±144～673±17 Ma、574±19～422±11 Ma、392±11～312±10 Ma和224±18～133±2 Ma。结合锆石的原位微区Hf同位素结果ε_(Hf)(t)值介于-18.0～16.8,n(~(176)Lu)/n(~(177)Hf)和n(~(176)Hf)/n(~(177)Hf)分别为0.000235～0.005759和0.280524～0.283022,T_(DM2)=4291～293 Ma,我们认为大石寨组岩屑晶屑凝灰岩中第一组锆石(3140～2826 Ma)指示东北地区或其邻区可能发育过中太古代—古太古代的古老基底。第二组锆石(2761～2273 Ma)记录了Kenorland超大陆汇聚的地质事件,揭示了大兴安岭地区太古代—古元古代古老结晶基底的信息。第三组锆石(2025～1673 Ma)则是Columbia超大陆形成地质事件的响应。第四、五组锆石(1036～673 Ma、574～422 Ma)来源于东北地区,分别记录了区域新元古代Rondinia和泛非期Gondwana两期重大地质事件。第六组锆石(392～312 Ma)峰值年龄为347 Ma,加权平均年龄为350.0±6.5Ma(MSWD=4.0,n=43),占总数48%,代表凝灰岩的形成时代,属于早石炭世。第七组锆石(224～133 Ma)可能与后期流体改造有关。岩石地球化学分析表明,大石寨组岩屑晶屑凝灰岩大部分样品属于偏铝质(A/CNK=0.65～1.95)、钙碱性(δ=0.88～2.50)火山岩,具有轻稀土富集,重稀土相对亏损,无明显Eu异常,富集Ba、Rb、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素的特点,与安第斯型活动大陆边缘火山岩相似。结合前人已发表地质资料,我们认为克什克腾旗大石寨组安山质岩屑晶屑凝灰岩为古亚洲洋俯冲过程中洋壳脱水产生的流体与上覆地幔楔相互作用后形成的。形成于活动大陆边缘弧环境,指示古亚洲洋在早石炭世尚未闭合。     

滇中易门地区约1.85Ga凝灰岩的厘定及其地质意义

在滇中易门-罗茨断裂带以西前人划分的昆阳群美党组中发现了大量的中酸性凝灰岩。采用锆石激光剥蚀法(LAICP-MS)对易门县铜厂一带的英安质凝灰岩、石英晶屑凝灰岩进行了年龄测定,获得锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值为1842±26Ma(MSWD=7.6,n=29)和1860±25Ma(MSWD=2.5,n=11)。2件样品的锆石Th/U值为0.2～1.0,且均具清晰的振荡环带结构,为岩浆成因锆石。该套凝灰岩产于一套厚度超过1000m的火山-细碎屑岩组合中,其下发育厚约800m的黑色板岩-碳酸盐岩组合,表明滇中易门地区存在厚度超过2000m的古元古界。此年龄值与全球性的Columbia超大陆事件一致,所以,在进行Columbia超大陆重建时需要充分考虑扬子陆块的位置及意义。     

鄂尔多斯地块西南缘中元古代玄武安山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

铁马河玄武安山岩位于鄂尔多斯地块西南缘,沿六盘山东麓断裂带出露。岩石发育气孔和杏仁状构造,具有斑状结构—间隐结构,斑晶主要为长条状斜长石和少量蚀变暗色矿物。岩石地球化学呈现富Na₂O、Fe O^T、Al₂O₃,贫Mg O、TiO₂、K₂O的特点,稀土配分曲线为右倾轻稀土富集型,LREE/HREE=6.50～7.01,(La/Yb)_N为5.620.69～0.91。样品[n(⁸⁷Sr)/n(⁸⁶Sr)]_i为～7.14,富集Ba、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素,Nb、Sr和Ti相对亏损,δEu=0.70587～0.70934,ε_Nd(t)介于-6.9-4.8,T_DM为2562～2730～Ma,Nb/Ta(6.60～8.25)低于大陆地壳的平均值,指示了受俯冲流体改造的古老富集地幔参与了岩浆形成。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果显示铁马河...     

延边闹枝铜金矿区中生代火山岩锆石U--Pb年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

为探究延边地区闹枝铜金矿区是否发育多期火山作用,笔者对矿区发育的火山岩开展详细的地质学、岩相学和锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究。结果表明:矿区出露的安山岩与英安质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩之间存在明显的沉积间断,即安山岩的形成时间应早于英安质凝灰岩。其中,安山岩的岩浆结晶锆石U-Pb年龄为(125.8±2.5) Ma,含有(179.9±4.6) Ma的捕获锆石;英安质角砾凝灰岩的形成年龄为(107.6±2) Ma,英安质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩的形成年龄为(107.5±1.5) Ma。地球化学特征表明两类火山岩均形成于活动大陆边缘板块俯冲环境下,由壳幔混合而成,分别对应于早白垩世屯田营组与金沟岭组。屯田营期岩浆与地壳物质的混染作用、火山喷发与次火山热液活动可能是导致闹枝中硫化型铜金矿床成矿的主要因素,金沟岭组的火山喷发与浅成作用是导致富金斑岩铜矿-浅成热液金矿床成矿的前提。     

原特提斯洋俯冲起始——来自北祁连早寒武世弧前岩浆作用的新证据

形成于弧前背景的岩浆岩可能记录了俯冲起始的重要证据。本文以北祁连走廊南山蛇绿混杂岩带新识别出的富铌辉长岩和斜长花岗岩为研究对象,在野外观察的基础上,结合岩石学、地球化学、同位素地球化学和年代学的综合研究,对原特提斯洋初始俯冲的时间进行约束,并探讨其形成过程及构造意义。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示富铌辉长岩样品锆石加权平均²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄为512±4 Ma;两个斜长花岗岩样品的锆石加权平均²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄分别为522±3 Ma和519±1 Ma。全岩地球化学结果显示富铌辉长岩的Nb含量为7.49×10^-6～10.80×10^-6,TiO₂含量为1.50%～2.08%,Nb/U值为11.9～13.4,(Nb/La)_N>0.5,明显高于岛弧玄武岩,其εNd(t)值介于+4.38～+5.78之间。斜长花岗岩样品K₂O含量(0.31%～1.66%)和K₂O/Na<...     

安徽省岳西县碧溪岭片麻岩地球化学和锆石U-Pb年龄研究

本文通过对碧溪岭片麻岩综合研究表明,岩石化学成分高硅(SiO₂=73.18%～75.60%)、低铝(Al₂O₃=11.93%～12.79%)、富碱(Na₂O+K₂O=6.11%～7.23%)和高钠(Na₂O/K₂O=1.51～1.94); 微量元素富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、U等和Pb,贫Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti等高场强元素; 稀土元素含量范围变化较大(TREE=142.38～308.44×10^-6),富集轻稀土(LREE/HREE=5.93～6.01),和铕负异常明显(δEu=0.42～0.64)等。造岩矿物中斜长石聚片双晶常垂直晶体延长方向,以及继承锆石大部分是不同时代的岩浆碎屑锆石等,暗示其寄主岩是沉积岩; 锆石LA-ICP-MS定年结果: 1)获得超高压变质锆石U-Pb年龄为242 Ma; 2)继承锆石U-Pb年龄,除了有比较多的属于元古代(768～639 Ma),还有大量的属于古生代(590～358 Ma)等,表明其寄主岩的时代不会早于古生代。     

汉南杂岩高桥沟花岗斑岩体岩石地球化学特征及侵位机制时代归属探讨

高桥沟花岗斑岩体位于扬子板块北缘，属于汉南杂岩的一部分。锆石LA-MCP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示其形成时代为(794.4±5.7)Ma，为南华纪早期。岩石地球化学特征为高Si(75.78%～76.51%)、富碱(K₂O+Na₂O=7.78%～7.84%)、富K(K₂O/Na₂O=1.07～1.10)，属高钾钙碱性系列。稀土总量∑REE为272.57×10^–6，轻重稀土元素组之间分馏明显。二长花岗斑岩形成于岩浆演化中晚期阶段，岩浆上侵过程中部分熔融沉积岩、火山岩物质。高桥沟花岗斑岩体形成于后造山构造环境，强力就位的侵位机制。     

藏北班公湖-怒江缝合带西段沙木罗组火山岩年代学、Hf同位素及地球化学特征

班公湖-怒江缝合带在中生代的构造岩浆演化一直以来都是青藏高原基础地质研究中的热点之一.在该缝合带南部的冈底斯北部地区发育大量的中生代火山岩及相关岩浆岩,其岩石成因与成岩地球动力学背景长期以来存在较大的争议.以班公湖-怒江缝合带西段阿翁错地区沙木罗组新发现的火山岩夹层为研究对象,对沙木罗组的形成时代、火山岩的成因、构造环境以及动力学背景进行了探讨.沙木罗组火山岩由下部扎果安山岩和中部昂母过安山质晶屑凝灰岩组成.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明下部扎果安山岩锆石结晶年龄为141.3±1.7 Ma,中部昂母过安山质晶屑凝灰岩的锆石结晶年龄为134.0±0.4 Ma,与区域上沙木罗组产出的化石及碎屑锆石约束时代较为一致.研究区沙木罗组下部安山岩以低硅（SiO₂=52.58%~55.35%）、低铝（Al₂O₃=14.43%~15.44%,A/CNK=0.58~0.75）、富镁（MgO=6.12%~8.51%）、富钠（Na₂O=1.55%~5.03%,Na₂O/K₂O=1.81~3.61）为特征,属于高镁安山岩范畴;中部安山质晶屑凝灰岩以相对高硅（SiO₂=55.83%~61.88%）、低镁（MgO=2.73%~4.51%）、高铝（Al₂O₃=17.75%~19.62%,A/CNK=0.90~1.08）、富钠（Na₂O=1.55%~5.03%,Na₂O/K₂O=1.81~3.61）为特征,由下往上沙木罗组火山岩的SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Na₂O含量逐渐升高,MgO、K₂O、Fe₂O₃含量逐渐降低,属于钠质低钾钙碱性系列岩石.二者均明显富集轻稀土（LREE）和大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损高场强元素（HFSE）,显示出典型的岛弧岩浆岩特征.下部扎果安山岩的锆石ε_Hf（t）为+15.5~+18.7,中部昂母过安山质晶屑凝灰岩的锆石ε_Hf（t）为+13.8~+16.2,指示安山岩、安山质晶屑凝灰岩的形成有新生地壳物质的参与.扎果高镁安山岩具有低的Y（11.9×10-6~13.5×10-6）、Yb（1.32×10-6~1.43×10-6）含量和较高的Sr（481×10-6~794×10-6）含量,以及较高的Sr/Y（35.6~65.6）和La_N/Yb_N（8.2~10.4）,其形成可能与俯冲板片熔体交代地幔橄榄岩有关.综上所述,研究区沙木罗组火山岩形成于俯冲岛弧环境下,为早白垩世早期班公湖-怒江洋壳南向俯冲消减的岩浆响应.      

马来西亚麻元锡矿床成矿花岗岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年龄及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素特征

麻元锡矿床是马来半岛东部花岗岩带内重要原生锡矿之一。为厘定矿区成矿花岗岩的形成时间及构造背景,本文开展了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学、Sr-Nd同位素及锆石Hf同位素研究。对2件矿区花岗岩样品的锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测试,获得了²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb-²³⁸U/²⁰⁶Pb谐和年龄分别为（259.0±3.3） Ma（MSWD=0.77）和（261.3±2.8） Ma（MSWD=0.55）,加权平均年龄为（260.30±2.0） Ma（MSWD=1.3）及（263.0±2.1） Ma（MSWD=0.15）。岩石地球化学分析显示,矿区花岗岩样品富Si O₂（73.09%～76.56%）、富K₂O（4.29%～4.91%）,I_A/CNK为1.03～1.06,轻稀土富集（LREE/HREE为4.24～8.08）,Eu负异常明显（δEu=0.08～0.20）,富含大离子亲石元素（Rb、K、Th、U）,亏损高场强元素（N...     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Roles of xenomelts,xenoliths, xenocrysts,xenovolatiles, residues,and skarns in the genesis,transport, and localization of magmatic Fe-Ni-Cu-PGE sulfides and chromite

Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

Coprecipitation of Ti,Mo, Sn and Sb with fluorides and application to determination of B,Ti, Zr,Nb, Mo,Sn, Sb,Hf and Ta by ICP-MS

We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l^− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO₂.     

Alkaline rocks of Samchampi-Samteran, District Karbi-Anglong, Assam, India

The Samchampi-Samteran alkaline igneous complex (SAC) is a near circular, plug-like body approximately 12 km² area and is emplaced into the Precambrian gneissic terrain of the Karbi Anglong district of Assam. The host rocks, which are exposed in immediate vicinity of the intrusion, comprise granite gneiss, migmatite, granodiorite, amphibolite, pegmatite and quartz veins. The SAC is composed of a wide variety of lithologies identified as syenitic fenite, magnetite ± perovskite ± apatite rock, alkali pyroxenite, ijolite-melteigite, carbonatite, nepheline syenite with leucocratic and mesocratic variants, phonolite, volcanic tuff, phosphatic rock and chert breccia. The magnetite ± perovskite ± apatite rock was generated as a cumulus phase owing to the partitioning of Ti, Fe at a shallow level magma chamber (not evolved DI = O1). The highly alkaline hydrous fluid activity indicated by the presence of strongly alkalic minerals in carbonatites and associated alkaline rocks suggests that the composition of original melt was more alkalic than those now found and represent a silica undersaturated ultramafic rock of carbonated olivine-poor nephelinite which splits with falling temperature into two immiscible fractions—one ultimately crystallises as alkali pyroxenite/ijolite and the other as carbonatite. The spatial distribution of varied lithotypes of SAC and their genetic relationships suggests that the silicate and carbonate melts, produced through liquid immiscibility, during ascent generated into an array of lithotypes and also reaction with the country rocks by alkali emanations produced fenitic aureoles (nephelinisation process). Isotopic studies (δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C) on carbonatites of Samchampi have indicated that the δ¹³C of the source magma is related to contamination from recycled carbon.