川东-渝北地区黄龙组白云岩储层稀土元素地球化学特征

内容提要：石炭系黄龙组白云岩储层是川东-渝北地区天然气藏最重要的储集岩类型之一,依据岩石学特征和沉积相及地球化学特征,可将川东-渝北地区石炭系广泛发育的白云岩划分为准同生白云岩、成岩埋藏白云岩、古表生期淡水白云石和深埋藏热液异形白云石四种成因类型,其中具备储集意义的仅为交代成因的成岩期交代成因的埋藏白云岩和古表生期形成的岩溶岩,岩性主要为颗粒和晶粒白云岩及白云质岩溶角砾岩。白云岩稀土元素地球化学分析结果为：①弱溶蚀、强溶蚀准同生和成岩埋藏白云岩分别都具有相似的ΣREE值、ΣLREE/ΣHREE比、REE配分模式和δCe、δEu负异常,但弱溶蚀白云岩各参数值相对较低;②淡水白云石具有很低的ΣREE值、弱Ce负异常和中等-较强的Eu负异常;③热液异形白云石ΣREE、REE配分模式和δCe特征与淡水白云石相似,而δEu最高。上述特征进一步表明各成因类型白云岩的稀土元素各项参数和配分模式差异明显,与较晚期次流体的物理化学性质密切相关,特点为：准同生期和早-中成岩期埋藏白云岩受表生期岩溶作用影响较大,而深埋藏期热液异形白云石明显叠加有深部热液流体的影响。     

川东—渝北地区黄龙组白云岩储层稀土元素地球化学特征

内容提要：石炭系黄龙组白云岩储层是川东-渝北地区天然气藏最重要的储集岩类型之一,依据岩石学特征和沉积相及地球化学特征,可将川东-渝北地区石炭系广泛发育的白云岩划分为准同生白云岩、成岩埋藏白云岩、古表生期淡水白云石和深埋藏热液异形白云石四种成因类型,其中具备储集意义的仅为交代成因的成岩期交代成因的埋藏白云岩和古表生期形成的岩溶岩,岩性主要为颗粒和晶粒白云岩及白云质岩溶角砾岩。白云岩稀土元素地球化学分析结果为：①弱溶蚀、强溶蚀准同生和成岩埋藏白云岩分别都具有相似的ΣREE值、ΣLREE/ΣHREE比、REE配分模式和δCe、δEu负异常,但弱溶蚀白云岩各参数值相对较低;②淡水白云石具有很低的ΣREE值、弱Ce负异常和中等-较强的Eu负异常;③热液异形白云石ΣREE、REE配分模式和δCe特征与淡水白云石相似,而δEu最高。上述特征进一步表明各成因类型白云岩的稀土元素各项参数和配分模式差异明显,与较晚期次流体的物理化学性质密切相关,特点为：准同生期和早-中成岩期埋藏白云岩受表生期岩溶作用影响较大,而深埋藏期热液异形白云石明显叠加有深部热液流体的影响。     

陕西秦岭泥盆纪地层中几种不同类型的白云石化作用及白云石化岩石

陕西秦岭泥盆纪地层中的白云岩,依据宏观及微观的标志,可划分成三大类型:同生或准同生白云岩、成岩白云岩、后生白云岩。在南带,早泥盆世的同生或准同生交代白云岩,是由潮坪相的沉积物,经咸水回流渗透白云石化作用形成,成为层控汞矿床的母岩;中泥盆世的成岩交代白云岩,是由碳酸盐台地相中的生物礁、滩等浅水沉积物,在大气淡水和海水的混合水作用下白云石化而成。在北带,泥盆纪白云岩,是由台盆—浅海陆棚相碎屑沉积物,在埋藏压实的条件下,经白云石化而成。在中带,泥盆纪白云岩主要分布于断裂破碎带上,是由富镁、钙的热卤水充填交代而成,并与角砾岩型的金矿(化)有密切关系。     

塔里木盆地寒武系—下奥陶统白云岩成因及识别特征

对63口井岩心及薄片的观察以及大量阴极发光、碳氧同位素、包裹体及电子探针能谱的分析,认为塔里木盆地寒武系—下奥陶统白云岩主要有四种成因,分别对应有四种白云岩类型,即萨布哈白云岩、渗透回流白云岩、埋藏白云岩和热液白云岩。前两者受沉积相控制,后两者受成岩相控制。萨布哈白云岩发育于同生—准同生期蒸发成岩环境的潮间—潮上坪,渗透回流白云岩发育于同生—准同生期蒸发成岩环境的澙湖中,埋藏白云岩发育于埋藏期的深、浅埋藏环境,热液白云岩发育于埋藏期的深埋藏环境。总结了四种不同成因的白云岩的岩石特征及地球化学特征。认识到叠合盆地古老海相地层的白云石化机理复杂,白云岩类型多样,白云岩结构特征不但与沉积相密切相关,更受埋藏期白云石化作用的叠加改造。     

塔里木盆地中央隆起区上寒武统—下奥陶统白云岩地球化学特征及白云石化流体演化规律*

以详细的岩石学研究为基础,综合利用碳、氧、锶同位素等地球化学资料,深入分析了塔里木盆地中央隆起区上寒武统—下奥陶统白云石化流体演化规律以及白云岩成因机制。结果表明,上寒武统白云岩主要由泥晶—粉晶白云岩、微生物白云岩和(残余)颗粒白云岩等原始结构保留较好的白云岩构成,其C、Sr同位素与同期海水相近,O同位素值偏正,属于同生/准同生期与轻微蒸发海水有关的白云石化的产物;下奥陶统白云岩以细晶自形—半自形白云石为主,原始结构保留差,其C、Sr同位素与同期海水近似,但O同位素值略微偏负,主要为浅埋藏期白云石化的产物。部分早期白云岩在中—深埋藏过程中受埋藏重结晶和构造—热液白云石化的影响,形成细晶—粗晶他形白云岩和缝洞鞍形白云石充填物,该阶段白云石化流体主要来自于地层内封存的海源流体、深部热液以及蒸发岩层间热卤水,多期多源流体的共同作用导致该类白云岩具有较宽的Sr同位素组成和明显负偏的O同位素值。总体上,研究区白云岩具有早期形成(近地表到浅埋藏期大规模交代)、中期加强(中—深埋藏期部分重结晶)、晚期改造(热液局部调整)的整体演化趋势。     

川东邻水-渝北地区石炭系黄龙组白云岩成因

以岩石结构分析为基础,结合Sr同位素和Sr含量等资料,对川东邻水-渝北地区石炭系黄龙组广泛发育的白云岩成因进行了研究,从中识别出准同生期白云岩、成岩期埋藏白云岩、表生期淡水白云石和晚成岩期热液白云石等成因类型.其中具备储集意义的仅为成岩期交代成因的埋藏白云岩,其岩性主要为颗粒白云岩和晶粒白云岩.综合不同成因类型的白云岩Sr同位素和Sr含量地球化学特征,将白云石化过程划分为准同生期,早成岩期、中成岩期,古表生期和再埋藏晚成岩期五个成岩阶段.各阶段的白云岩(或白云石)在结构上有不同特征,其Sr同位素和Sr含量地球化学特征亦有显著差别.反映研究区白云化流体不仅来自同时期禁的海源地层水,而且受到古表生期岩溶过程中的淡水和再埋藏晚期热液的影响.根据岩石学特征和各种地化指标,结合研究区古地理背景,建立了黄龙组准同生、埋藏、淡水、热液白云岩(或白云石)化模式.     

从岩石结构和地化特征看巴楚隆起上寒武统白云岩的成因及演化

塔里木盆地巴楚隆起上寒武统发育一套极具勘探价值的厚层白云岩。基于该白云岩的钻井取心与薄片鉴定,将其分类为结晶白云岩、泥微晶白云岩、具残余(颗粒)结构白云岩及过渡型白云岩。运用多种地化分析和测试手段,认为上寒武统白云岩主要经历了(准)同生(蒸发泵、渗透回流)白云石化—埋藏白云石化—后期局部热液改造三个阶段,导致研究区白云石化的流体主要为高盐度卤水、埋藏残余海水以及深部热液流体,整个白云石化过程中岩石结构也发生相应演化。泥微晶白云岩主要形成于(准)同生期萨布哈环境,过渡型白云岩及残余结构白云岩由白云石化不彻底或选择性白云石化作用形成,结晶白云岩由埋藏白云石化作用形成。存在自生矿物、高Ba/Sr值、稀土Eu富集以及包裹体测温均显示深部热液对白云岩具有局部改造作用,该类白云石通常具有波状消光的特征。经过热液溶蚀改造的白云岩储集空间变好,这对白云岩储层的勘探具有指示意义。     

柴达木盆地英西地区渐新统热液改造型白云岩的发现及意义

通过岩心及微观岩石学特征、结构特征、微量元素和碳氧同位素地球化学特征的综合研究,首次在柴达木盆地英西地区发现了一种罕见的热液改造型白云岩储集层,但热液改造程度不强,主要包括以下几个方面:1主要储集层较为致密,主要发育泥晶结构的铁白云石和方解石,偶见钠长石、黄铁矿、重晶石和天青石等热液矿物;2碳酸盐矿物中富含FeO、MnO等,其平均质量分数分别为4.112%和0.186%,显著高于本区准同生交代成因白云石中铁锰含量,且钙、镁含量也有所升高,反映了热液流体为富含Ca~(2+),Fe~(2+),Sr~(2+),Mn~(2+)和少量Mg~(2+)等多种离子的碱性热卤水;3ΣREE具有较大的变化范围且总量较高,稀土元素配分模式具有明显的Eu负异常,代表了湖泊环境特有的热流体稀土元素组成特征,形成于偏碱性的深湖热卤水还原环境;4δ18OPDB变化范围为-6.8‰~-3.6‰,平均值为-5.2‰,介于热液白云岩和准同生交代成因白云岩之间,显示了英西地区渐新统白云岩在准同生交代成因基础上受到了一定程度的热液改造。裂缝的发育程度和与热液通道的距离远近不同而使得样品的改造程度存在一定的差异性。综上所述,热液改造型白云岩储集层的首次发现开拓了柴达木盆地英西地区深层致密油气勘探的新视野,这一研究成果对英西深层寻找优质"甜点"储层具有重要指导意义。     

普光气田长兴组白云岩地球化学特征及其成因意义

普光气田区长兴组白云岩的矿物组成与地球化学特征研究表明,自东南向西北方向,由普光8井至普光5井至普光6井,长兴组白云岩白云石颗粒的结晶程度和有序度总体上逐渐变高,其Fe、Mn、AI、K、Na、Sr含量及Mg^2＋／Ca^2＋比值总体呈降低的趋势;而氧同位素值逐渐降低,碳同位素值略增高,两者具负相关关系,这反映出白云石化作用与混合水无关;普光6井结晶白云岩87Sr／86Sr比值高于晚二叠世末古海水,说明白云石化流体并非长兴期古海水。研究认为长兴组泥-微晶白云岩由长兴期蒸发浓缩形成的高镁卤水交代灰泥丘而形成,属准同生白云石化作用成因,为非-差储层;结晶白云岩及碎裂化白云岩的白云石化流体应来自二叠纪高盐度海源地层水。属埋藏成因,可为优质储层。     

羌塘盆地昂达尔错地区白云岩成岩结构特征及其成因意义

通过薄片、阴极发光、背散射和扫描电镜等特征分析,根据白云石的晶体颗粒的形态、大小、晶面、接触关系等特征,兼顾白云石的成因信息,将羌塘盆地昂达尔错地区古油藏中白云石划分为粉-细晶曲面它形结构、粉-细晶曲面它形雾心亮边结构、细-中晶直面半自形-自形结构、细-中晶直面半自形-自形雾心亮边结构、细-中晶直面半自形-自形环带结构、中-粗晶曲面它形结构。成岩结构特征反映了成岩期不同成岩流体作用叠加的多成因模式,包括准同生阶段蒸发咸化海水成因、浅埋藏阶段蒸发咸化海水的回流或下渗扩散交代成因、中-深埋藏阶段埋藏白云石化成因以及深埋藏阶段与构造运动相关的热液交代成因。白云岩中常见的残余粒屑结构和藻纹层结构反映出原始的浅滩相、潮坪相及生屑滩相等高能沉积环境更有利于该区白云岩的形成,原始的沉积微相控制着白云岩化作用的发育和白云岩的空间展布。     

Genesis of Dolomite from Ma55–Ma510 Sub-members of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the Jingxi Area in the Ordos Basin

We clarified three stages of dolomitization and secondary changes by studying the petrology and geochemistry characteristics of dolomite from the Ma55–Ma510 sub-members of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the Jingxi area in the Ordos Basin: (1) Syngenetic microbial dolomitization is characterized by formation of dolomite with a mainly micrite structure and horse tooth-shape dolomite cements. (2) Seepage reflux dolomitization during the penecontemporaneous period superposed adjustment functions such as recrystallization and stabilization in the middle-deep burial stage, forming dolomites mainly consisting of micro crystal and powder crystal structure. (3) Powder dolomite, fine dolomite, and medium-coarse crystalline dolomite formed in pores and fractures in the middle-deep burial stage. The secondary concussive transgression-regression under a regressive background is an important condition for the occurrence of many stages of dolomitization in the study area. The basin was an occlusive epicontinental sea environment in the Ma5 member of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation sedimentary period. In the sediments, sulfate content was high, which is conducive to the preservation of microbial activity and microbial dolomitization. Micritic dolomite formed by microbial dolomitization provides good migration pathways for seepage reflux dolomitization. Affected by evaporation seawater with increased Mg/Ca ratio, seepage reflux dolomitization was widely developed and formed large-scale dolomite, and underwater uplifts and slopes are favorable areas for dolomite. In the middle-deep burial stage, dolomitizing fluid in the stratum recrystallized or stabilized the previous dolomite and formed a small amount of euhedral dolomite in the pores and fractures.     

塔里木盆地东部地区寒武系白云岩成因类型*

塔里木盆地东部地区（简称塔东地区）寒武系白云岩主要有泥-粉晶白云岩、细晶白云岩和中-粗晶白云岩。通过岩石学特征、有序度、碳氧同位素、锶同位素比值、阴极发光和微量元素等分析,认为该地区有4种成因的白云岩,即深水回流准同生白云岩、潮坪蒸发泵准同生白云岩、回流渗透白云岩以及深埋藏白云岩。不同类型的白云岩,其岩性及地球化学特征不同。深水回流准同生白云岩为泥-粉晶白云岩,分布在塔东盆地中,是附近的碳酸盐岩台地上蒸发浓缩形成的咸化海水在重力作用下沿海底回流到深水盆地中并使刚沉积不久的灰泥发生白云化而形成的。潮坪蒸发泵准同生白云岩亦为泥-粉晶白云岩,形成于台地潮坪环境。回流渗透白云岩为细晶白云岩,发育于潮坪准同生白云岩和蒸发岩之下。深埋藏白云岩为中-粗晶白云岩,是石灰岩在地下深处由循环流动的富含Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺的地层水白云化形成的,Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺主要来自于已经存在的白云岩的溶蚀,而非来自页岩压实排替出来的地层水。     

塔里木盆地塔中地区下奥陶统白云岩成因

塔里木盆地塔中地区下奥陶统白云岩广泛发育,岩石类型复杂多样,主要包括结晶白云岩、残余颗粒白云岩、残余灰质白云岩、藻云岩、亮边雾心白云岩、环带白云岩及少量膏云岩等结构类型。白云岩交代现象明显,δ18O普遍为中—高负值（-3.2‰～-8.7‰）;δ13C值基本为低中负值（-3‰～-0.77‰）,Z值大多集中在118～123...     

中扬子台地北缘灯影组白云岩研究

研究区白云岩成因类型可划分出准同生白云石化、回流渗透白云石化、混合水白云石化、压溶白云石化和埋藏白云石化。本文详细研了各成因类型的白云岩矿物岩石学特征和地球化学特征，重点探讨了埋藏白云石化Ｍｇ２＋来源及其搬运机理。认为埋藏白云石化Ｍｇ２＋来自粒间残留古海水，迁移机制与地下异常高压孔隙流体的驱动和襄樊－广济同沉积断裂的活动有关。五类白云岩中以混合水白云石化和埋藏白云石化的岩石类型储集性能最好。     

Dolomitization by penesaline sea water in Early Jurassic peritidal platform carbonates, Gibraltar, western Mediterranean

Peritidal carbonates of the Lower Jurassic (Liassic) Gibraltar Limestone Formation, which form the main mass of the Rock of Gibraltar, are replaced by fine and medium crystalline dolomites. Replacement occurs as massive bedded or laminated dolomites in the lower 100 m of an ≈460‐m‐thick platform succession. The fine crystalline dolomite has δ¹⁸Ο values either similar to, or slightly higher than, those expected from Early Jurassic marine dolomite, and δ¹³C values together with ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios that overlap with sea‐water values for that time, indicating that the dolomitizing fluid was Early Jurassic sea water. Absence of massive evaporitic minerals and/or evaporite solution‐collapse breccias in these carbonate rocks indicates that the salinity of sea water during dolomitization was below that of gypsum precipitation. The occurrence of peritidal facies, a restricted microbiota and rare gypsum pseudomorphs are also consistent with penesaline conditions (salinity 72–199‰). The medium crystalline dolomite has some δ¹⁸Ο and δ¹³C values and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios similar to those of Early Jurassic marine dolomites, which indicates that ambient sea water was again a likely dolomitizing fluid. However, the spread of δ¹⁸Ο, δ¹³C and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values indicates that dolomitization occurred at slightly increased temperatures as a result of shallow (≈500 m) burial or that dolomitization was multistage. These data support the hypothesis that penesaline sea water can produce massive dolomitization in thick peritidal carbonates in the absence of evaporite precipitation. Taking earlier models into consideration, it appears that replacement dolomites can be produced by sea water or modified sea water with a wide range of salinities (normal, penesaline to hypersaline), provided that there is a driving mechanism for fluid migration. The Gibraltar dolomites confirm other reports of significant Early Jurassic dolomitization in the western Tethys carbonate platforms.     

Genesis of island dolostones

Cenozoic ‘island dolostones’ are found on islands throughout the oceans of the world. Due to their geological youth and lack of deep burial, these dolostones provide an opportunity to resolve some of the mysteries surrounding the dolomite problem. In island dolostone bodies, which are of variable size and variable dolomitization, the petrographic and geochemical properties of the dolostones are characterized by geographic and stratigraphic variations. In the larger island‐wide dolostone bodies, like those found on Grand Cayman, there are progressive increases in mole %Ca (%Ca_mean: 53·9 to 57·6%), depletion of the heavier ¹⁸O and ¹³C isotopes (δ¹⁸O_mean: 3·6 to 2·1‰ _VPDB; δ¹³C_mean: 3·1 to 1·4‰ _VPDB), and changes from fabric‐retentive to fabric‐destructive fabrics and a decrease in the amount of dolomite cement from the coastal areas towards the centres of the islands, similar to the Little Bahama Bank. These changes define geographically concentric zones that parallel the coastlines and reflect geochemical modification of the dolomitizing fluid through water–rock interactions, mixing with meteoric water and the changes in the rate and flux of seawater as it flowed from coasts to island interiors. The pattern of dolomitization, however, is not consistent from island to island because geographic and stratigraphic variations, specific to each island, influenced groundwater flow pattern (for example, geometry and size of the islands; the porosity and permeability of the precursor limestone), the duration of the dolomitization reaction, and other factors. The geographic extent of dolomitization and variation in dolomite stoichiometry of island dolostones may be comparable to the reaction stages established in high‐temperature laboratory experiments.     

Dolomitization of the Capitan Formation forereef facies (Permian, west Texas and New Mexico): seepage reflux revisited

Abstract Interpretation of seepage reflux dolomitization is commonly restricted to intervals containing evaporites even though several workers have modelled reflux of mesosaline brines. This study looked at the partially dolomitized forereef facies of the Capitan Formation to test the extent of reflux dolomitization and evaluate the possible role of the near‐backreef mesosaline carbonate lagoon as an alternative source of dolomitizing fluids. The Capitan Formation forereef facies ranges from 10% to 90% dolomite. Most of the dolomite is fabric preserving and formed during early burial after marine cementation, before and/or during evaporite cementation and before stylolitization. Within the forereef facies, dolomite follows depositional units, with debris‐flow and grain‐flow deposits the most dolomitized and turbidity‐current deposits the least. The amount of dolomite increases with stratigraphic age and decreases downslope. Within the reef facies, dolomite is restricted to haloes around fractures and primary cavities except where the reef facies lacks marine cements and, in contrast, is completely dolomitized. This dolomite distribution supports dolomitization by sinking fluids. Oxygen isotopic values for fabric‐preserving dolomite (δ¹⁸O = 0·9 ± 1·0‰, N = 101) support dolomitization by sea water to isotopically enriched sea water. These values are closer to the near‐backreef dolomite (δ¹⁸O = 2·1 ± 0·7‰, N = 48) than the hypersaline backreef dolomite (δ¹⁸O = 3·6 ± 0·9‰, N = 11). Therefore, the fabric‐preserving dolomite is consistent with dolomitization during seepage reflux of mainly mesosaline brines derived from the near‐backreef carbonate lagoon. The occurrence of mesosaline brine reflux in the Capitan Formation has important implications for dolomitization in forereef facies and elsewhere. First, any area with a restricted carbonate lagoon may be dolomitized by refluxing brines even if there are no evaporite facies present. Secondly, such brines may travel significant distances vertically provided permeable pathways (such as fractures) are present. Therefore, the absence of immediately overlying evaporite or restricted facies is not sufficient cause to eliminate reflux dolomitization from consideration.     

Reactive transport modelling of reflux dolomitization in the Arab‐D reservoir,Ghawar field,Saudi Arabia

It has long been recognized that the Arab‐D reservoir in Ghawar field has been significantly dolomitized and that the distribution of dolomites is highly heterogeneous across this reservoir. Previous studies indicated that dolomite occurs with either a stratigraphic or non‐stratigraphic distribution; when mapped, dolomite tends to form several parallel linear trends across the field. Although stratigraphic dolomite was suggested to be formed early from highly evaporated pore fluids sourced from overlying evaporite deposits, non‐stratigraphic dolomite was thought to be generated primarily from hydrothermal fluids sourced from below. This study focuses primarily on these non‐stratigraphic dolomites, and proposes that: (i) these dolomites initially formed via seepage reflux, but were reinforced by late stage hydrothermal dolomitization; and (ii) reflux is also responsible for the formation of parallel, linear trends of dolomite. The reflux model hypothesizes that an evaporative lagoon (which is the source of dolomitizing fluids) formed during the falling stage systems tract of a depositional sequence, and that with continuing sea‐level fall this lagoon migrated progressively towards deeper parts of an intrashelf basin adjacent to the Ghawar field, leaving behind lines of dolomite bodies along a series of temporary coastlines. Two‐dimensional reactive transport models have been built to test this hypothesis, and have resulted in a predicted pattern of dolomite bodies that agrees with both the observed vertical distribution of non‐stratigraphic dolomite, as well as the mapped lateral distribution of the dolomite trends. In addition, the major ion compositions of Late Jurassic seawater are calculated based on fluid inclusion data in the literature. Using Jurassic seawater in current models leads to the absence of anhydrite cements and less potential of over‐dolomitization than using modern seawater.     

四川盆地震旦系灯影组白云岩成因

基于岩芯观察、薄片鉴定、地球化学分析,结合区域地质背景,系统研究了四川盆地震旦系灯影组白云岩成因。岩石学特征分析发现,灯影组白云岩可分为泥粉晶云岩、粒屑云岩、微生物云岩、岩溶角砾云岩4类,其结构类型一般为泥晶—粉晶,说明白云岩化时间较早,为准同生期。地球化学分析表明,灯影组白云岩δ^13C平均值与震旦纪原始海水较为接近,δ^18O值呈现中—高负偏的特征,有序度和Fe、Mn含量相对偏低,Na含量相对较高,稀土元素配分模式则与海水配分曲线类似,表明白云岩化主要受到海源流体的影响。盆地周缘的古陆和水下隆起使盆内海水极易封隔浓缩,盆内发育的富Ca^2+菌藻类可间接提高海水的Mg^2+/Ca^2+比值,加之灯影期干旱炎热的古气候让盆内蒸发作用强烈,可伴生石膏等蒸发性矿物,促进白云石化。综合上述特征,四川盆地灯影组白云岩成因为微生物参与的蒸发海水回流渗透白云石化。     

基于激光U-Pb定年的埋藏白云岩形成过程——以塔里木盆地永安坝剖面下奥陶统蓬莱坝组为例

埋藏白云石化作用是形成厚层块状白云岩的主要机制之一,但其形成过程一直存在争议。本文以塔里木盆地永安坝剖面蓬莱坝组为例进行解剖,在露头和薄片岩石学研究的基础上,利用激光U-Pb定年和同位素分析,剖析了蓬莱坝组白云岩形成时期及演化过程,取得三个方面的认识：（1）蓬莱坝组发育四种类型白云岩：藻纹层白云岩、自形-半自形细中晶白云岩、雾心亮边自形中晶白云岩和他形粗晶白云岩,不同类型白云岩垂向互层发育;（2）U-Pb定年结果显示蓬莱坝组受三期云化作用改造,分别为准同生期云化作用、晚奥陶世到志留纪浅埋藏云化作用（464±12Ma到433±22Ma）及泥盆纪埋藏云化作用（382±29Ma）,浅埋藏云化作用会对准同生白云石造成重结晶,而埋藏云化作用表现为白云石次生加大,存在寒武系云化流体卷入,影响U-Pb定年;（3）规模白云岩的发育为沉积环境和构造埋藏演化史共同作用的结果,提出塔中北斜坡和塔北南缘为规模白云岩发育区,这对本区油气勘探具有重要的指导意义。