北秦岭超高压地体折返过程中的多期次部分熔融

本文对丹凤地区秦岭岩群含柯石英超高压变质地体长英质片麻岩中的混合岩化长英质浅色体和含石榴子石暗色包体的花岗质脉体进行了详细的矿物学、地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学以及Lu-Hf同位素研究。其中,长英质浅色体显示了近原位熔融的高硅、富钾的过铝质花岗岩地球化学特征;锆石的CL图像呈灰黑色,均匀无结构或云雾状内部结构,Th/U比值0. 008,并含有钾长石、斜长石、石英和磷灰石等包裹体,显示深熔锆石的特征;花岗质脉体暗色包体中的石榴子石显示核-边成分环带,其中核部成分与秦岭岩群长英质片麻岩中石榴子石成分一致,边部Sps含量升高,显示熔体改造或退变质扩散特征,寄主花岗质脉体显示重稀土强烈亏损的与石榴子石平衡的熔体特征,指示它们是秦岭岩群含石榴子石长英质片麻岩部分熔融的产物。锆石LA-ICP-MS定年得到长英质浅色体和花岗质脉体的结晶年龄分别为445±4Ma和420±1Ma,明显晚于本区的超高压变质时代,而与折返过程中麻粒岩相和角闪岩相退变质叠加的时代基本一致。结合区域地质和前人的研究成果,提出秦岭岩群在深俯冲板块的折返过程中,分别在445Ma和420Ma发生了两期部分熔融作用。     

柴北缘超高压地体折返过程中地壳深熔的岩石学研究

宏观、微观岩石学、地球化学和年代学研究表明,柴北缘锡铁山和绿梁山单元富含斜长石的浅色体和富含钾长石的浅色体是超高压地体折返过程中榴辉岩和片麻岩部分熔融的产物。阴极发光图像显示富含斜长石的浅色体中锆石具有明显的核-边双层结构,锆石核部无明显分带特征,并呈现出重稀土平坦和无Eu异常的稀土配分模式,～450Ma的年龄结果与区域上榴辉岩峰期变质时代一致;发光较弱的锆石边部具不明显的环带结构和较低的Th/U比值,～426Ma年龄结果代表了熔体的结晶时代。富含钾长石的浅色体中的锆石U-Pb定年结果记录的～910Ma、～450Ma和～426Ma三组年龄分别代表了片麻岩原岩结晶时代、高压-超高压变质作用时代和熔体结晶时代。富含斜长石的浅色体具有高SiO_2、Al_2O_3、CaO、Na_2O、Sr和LREE,而低MgO、FeO~T、K_2O、Y、Yb和HREE的英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩的地球化学特征;而富含钾长石的浅色体具有高的SiO_2、Al_2O_3和K_2O+Na_2O,而较低的CaO、MgO、REE的花岗岩地球化学特征。黝帘石和少量的多硅白云母的脱水分解是触发超高压榴辉岩发生部分熔融形成富含斜长石的浅色体的主要机制;而多硅白云母的脱水分解则是触发超高压片麻岩部分熔融形成富含钾长石浅色体的主要机制。这些浅色体显著的促进了柴北缘超高压地体的快速折返,并对大陆俯冲隧道中的元素迁移和壳-幔作用具有重要的影响。     

变泥质岩的深熔作用与具铈（Ce）负异常熔体的成因

对美国加州南Sierra Nevada岩基中一个典型的中生代变质表壳岩及其混合岩带进行了详细的野外观察和元素地球化学研究。研究发现:在持久(约为150Ma)的花岗岩侵位作用下,早白垩世变泥质岩发生达角闪岩相的中高级变质作用和部分熔融,导致Isabella混合岩的形成;浅色体具有和变泥质岩及混合岩近平行的REE分布模式,但浅色体的LREE含量相对较低;和变泥质岩相似,混合岩中的浅色体具有显著的Ce负异常。野外观测、岩相观察及元素地球化学特征表明,浅色体显著的Ce负异常是继承了原岩的Ce负异常特征,而不是由于副矿物(磷灰石、独居石或锆石)的差异溶解或结晶分异作用造成的。早白垩世变泥质岩(浅色体的原岩)主要由泥质及沙质海相沉积物组成,局部夹基性火山灰和火山碎屑,形成于与大陆岛弧密切相关的浅海环境。原岩的Ce负异常反映了较还原的浅海沉积环境。具有Ce负异常浅色体的产出表明,如果俯冲带上的沉积岩在俯冲过程中发生部分熔融作用并且所产生的熔体参与大洋型岛弧岩浆作用,最终可以导致具有Ce异常的基性岩浆生成。     

北苏鲁威海地区共生伟晶岩脉-钙硅酸盐岩的形成机制和地质意义

威海位于苏鲁造山带最北端,出露片麻岩和榴辉岩等多类超高压岩石,是研究大陆俯冲带变质、深熔和熔体效应的理想靶区。基于详细野外观察,本文对该区的一套钙硅酸盐岩、伟晶岩脉和寄主片麻岩进行了岩相学、地球化学和锆石年代学等研究,旨在深入探究超高压变质岩的多期熔融及与之伴随的地质过程。阴极发光显示,三类岩石中的锆石整体具有核-边结构,继承核年龄为859±20Ma～272±6Ma,与苏鲁变质岩内大多残余岩浆锆石的年龄一致。新生锆石共记录了约237±4Ma、224±7Ma～218±2Ma和177±5Ma～166±3Ma等三组年龄。结合不同微区的稀土元素特征,本文认为,237±4Ma记录了峰期变质时代,而224±7Ma～218±2Ma和177±5Ma～166±3Ma年龄的锆石呈现典型的深熔锆石特征,分别代表俯冲陆壳折返至高压榴辉岩相和加厚地壳初始伸展阶段的部分熔融年代。伟晶岩与片麻岩中继承锆石的Hf同位素组成不同,表明形成伟晶岩的熔体并非寄主岩石直接熔融而来。此外,钙硅酸盐岩及其内部的单斜辉石具有极低的Cr、Ni等相容元素含量和负Eu异常特征,且均显示大离子亲石元素富集、高场强元素亏损的特点。并且,钙硅...     

鲁西～2.6 Ga 深熔作用：泰山地区浅色脉体的野外地质和地球化学研究

泰山地区深熔作用十分发育,是鲁西～2.6 Ga 构造热事件的典型代表。广泛分布的2.6 Ga浅色脉体主要是片麻状英云闪长岩在水不饱和的条件下含水矿物发生脱水熔融形成,在局部地区存在水饱和熔融。根据浅色脉体岩相学和地球化学特征,可将其进一步划分为3种类型：具正Eu异常奥长岩浅色体、无明显Eu异常奥长花岗岩浅色体和具负 Eu 异常 花岗岩浅色体。矿物结晶分异对浅色体组成变化起了很大作用。由于有充足的时间和空间,部分斜长石较早结晶出来并聚集形成具正Eu异常的浅色体。剩余熔体继续运移过程中,斜长石、钾长石及石英近同时结晶,组成近等粒镶嵌结构,形成具负 Eu 异常的花岗岩浅色体。无明显 Eu 异常的浅色体最接近原始熔体。     

北秦岭超高压榴辉岩中长英质脉体的锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

北秦岭地区的早古生代超高压变质作用是整个秦岭-桐柏-红安-大别-苏鲁造山带内最古老的超高压变质记录, 代表华南与华北板块之间最早的一期增生碰撞事件, 然而目前对于该地区早古生代的构造演化过程仍存在较大争议.对北秦岭官坡超高压榴辉岩中的一个长英质脉体开展了详细的锆石形态学、微量元素和U-Pb年代学研究.结果表明, 脉体中的锆石呈自形的棱柱状晶形, 发育弱的振荡环带、面状分带或无明显分带特征, 具有高的HREE、Y、U含量, 低的Th含量和Th/U比值, 说明锆石生长自含水熔体.另外, 这些变质锆石具有LREE亏损、HREE相对富集的配分模式以及明显的Eu负异常, 表明含水熔体形成于角闪岩相退变质过程.锆石的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为494±10 Ma (MSWD=2.2), 与北秦岭超高压变质作用的峰期年龄(490.4±5.8 Ma)在误差范围内基本一致.北秦岭地体经历深俯冲作用之后发生快速折返, 并在折返过程中发生角闪岩相退变质作用诱发俯冲板片部分熔融产生含水熔体.      

加拿大Quetico沉积变质带中亚固相浅色体与深熔混合岩浅色体的时间及成分的差异

Quetico沉积变质带中的混合岩含有两类浅色体:1.顺层浅色体:它们是在变形作用与前进变质作用中产生的.与 Quetico沉积变质物相比较,这些浅色体富含sio_2、Sr和Eu,而贫Tio_2、Fe_2O_3、MgO、Cs、Rb、REE、Sc、Th、Zr及Hf.2.切层浅色体:它们形成于区域性褶皱事件之后,此时变质温度正值其峰值.与Quetico沉积变质物相比,这些浅色体富含Rb、Ba、Sr和Eu,且LREE、Th、Zr和Hf的含量变化较大.顺层浅色体是由一种称为构造分结作用的亚固相过程所形成的.这种由应力导致的块体转移过程于Quetico沉积变质物被埋藏而发生变形时就己开始,并在岩石经受应力和非均质化的过程中一直都在持续进行,亚固相浅色体的成分是与在压溶作用下经主岩活化作用而来的石英和长石相一致的.切层浅色体是在变质带的抬升过程中由Quetico沉积变质岩的部分熔融所形成的.在浅色体侵位过程中,由于结晶分馏作用而使深熔浅色体的成分有很大变化.有些深熔浅色体保存了初始熔体的成分,并具有平滑的REE型式,而具负EU异常的那些则代表分馏熔体,其它具有正EU异常的深熔浅色体则代表长石与所俘获对熔体的聚集.     

北大别两类浅色体的锆石LA-ICPMS年龄——古元古代深熔作用和三叠纪俯冲证据?

黄土岭一带的北大别杂岩发育4类浅色体。其中的第二类浅色体发育在黑云母片麻岩中,为二长花岗质;第三类浅色体发育在长英质麻粒岩的基质中,为钾长花岗质,并与石榴石变斑晶分解有关的含紫苏辉石后成合晶同期。LA-ICPMS测定表明,第二类浅色体中熔体结晶锆石的上下交点年龄分别为:2040±14Ma和242±27Ma;第三类浅色体变质锆石的上下交点年龄分别为:2056 35/-26Ma和244 180/-210Ma。这表明,第二类浅色体和第一类浅色体都是古元古代麻粒岩相变质作用同期深熔产物。古元古代熔体结晶和变质结晶锆石在三叠纪发生了严重的放射性成因铅丢失,可反映长英质麻粒岩和黑云母片麻岩都响应了三叠纪深俯冲事件。     

大别山-苏鲁超高压变质带的矿物学和岩石学研究进展

本文总结了近年来大别山 苏鲁超高压变质带的矿物学和岩石学进展。针对大别山 苏鲁超高压变质带中的区域片麻岩围岩是否经历超高压变质的问题 ,研究者在常规岩石学和矿物学手段不能奏效的情况下 ,引入显微喇曼光谱测试 ,最终在各种类片麻岩的锆石中发现柯石英、硬玉和雯石等高压和超高压矿物包裹体 ,证明大别山 苏鲁超高压变质带中的大多数岩石曾与榴辉岩一起被俯冲到地幔深度 ,后又一起回返到地表。在喇曼光谱的测试过程中 ,发现锆石中的柯石英包裹体有 0～ 2 3 0 0MPa不等的现时晶内超压 ,并证明这种晶内超压是超高压变质岩回返过程中 ,柯石英向石英转化而导致的体积膨胀造成的。研究者在产于青岛仰口榴辉岩的石榴子石中发现大量单斜辉石、金红石和磷灰石出熔 ,精细的晶体化学和岩石学研究证明出熔前的石榴子石形成于大于 70 0 0MPa的压力条件 ,说明苏鲁地区的部分陆壳岩石可能曾被俯冲到大于 2 0 0km深的地幔。岩石学研究发现产于桃行地区的榴辉岩在角闪岩相区域退变质之前 ,在 4 0～ 5 0km的浅部地幔深度发育有一期高压麻粒岩相 过渡榴辉岩相变质。进一步研究发现这期变质是由于峰期的多硅白云母在回返到 4 0～5 0km深的浅部地幔时脱水熔融导致的     

南阿尔金早古生代俯冲碰撞过程中的花岗质岩浆

南阿尔金俯冲碰撞杂岩带早古生代存在517、501~496、462~451和426~385 Ma 4个期次的花岗质岩浆岩。第一期岩浆岩早于区内蛇绿岩型镁铁质岩石的形成时间,第一期岩浆岩侵位于区内蛇绿岩型镁铁质岩石之中(≥500 Ma),后三期分别对应于该构造带高压—超高压岩石~500 Ma的峰期变质、及其~450 Ma和~420 Ma的两期退变质时间。结合区域地质背景、镁铁—超美铁质岩和高压—超高压变质作用研究成果综合分析,这四期花岗质岩浆作用的发生分别是南阿尔金早古生代板块俯冲碰撞过程中,先期俯冲洋壳在517 Ma部分熔融、之后陆壳深俯冲导致地壳加厚引发下地壳在~500 Ma部分熔融,以及深俯冲板片断离导致中上地壳在~450 Ma部分熔融和造山后伸展减薄阶段在~420 Ma的部分熔融作用的产物。其中,洋壳型埃达克岩的形成时代(517 Ma)为南阿尔金洋壳俯冲作用时限提供了直接约束,陆壳深俯冲引发的高压-超高压峰期变质时代(~500 Ma)作用滞后这一事件约10 myr,表明南阿尔金早古生代时期由洋壳俯冲转换为陆壳俯冲可能是一个连续的构造演化过程。这四期花岗质岩石与区内蛇绿岩型镁铁—超镁铁质岩石以及高压—超高压变质岩石的形成,共同记录了南阿尔金早古生代时期从大洋俯冲、之后的大陆深俯冲碰撞再到后来深俯冲陆壳折返抬升的完整构造演化过程。     

Multiple partial melting events in the Sulu UHP terrane: zircon U–Pb dating of granitic leucosomes within amphibolite and gneiss

Thin layers and lenses of granitic leucosome are widely distributed within amphibolites, paragneisses and orthogneisses of the Sulu UHP terrane. They are parallel to, or cross‐cut, foliations in the host rocks at different scales and show evidence of coalescence and migration to form centimetre‐ to decimetre‐scale segregations. Variously migmatized rocks extend at least 350 km from SW Sulu (Maobei) to NE Sulu (Weihai), in a band at least 50 km wide. A combined study of mineral inclusions, cathoduluminescence (CL) images, U–Pb LA‐ICP‐MS dates, and in‐situ trace element compositions of zircon provide clear evidence on the nature and timing of partial melting in these UHP rocks. Most zircon from the granitic leucosomes occurs as distinct overgrowths around inherited (igneous or metamorphic) cores or as new, euhedral crystals. The overgrowths and new crystals commonly show perfectly euhedral shapes, have pronounced oscillatory zoning and contain felsic mineral inclusions, such as Kfs + Pl + Qtz ± Ilm ± monazite (Mon). In contrast, the inherited igneous or metamorphic cores are rounded or irregular, contain low‐P or UHP mineral inclusions and show clear dissolution textures. These data suggest that the new zircon is anatectic in origin and that it grew during partial melting of the UHP rocks. The REE patterns of the anatectic zircon show steep slopes from the HREE to LREE with strongly to moderately negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.31–0.72) and pronounced positive Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce* = 6.8–26.5). Abundant U–Pb spot analyses of the anatectic zircon reveal two discrete and meaningful ages of partial melting within the Sulu UHP terrane. Anatectic zircon from 12 granitic leucosomes within amphibolites, paragneisses, and orthogneisses from Sulu UHP slices II and III yields consistent mean U–Pb ages of 219.0 ± 1.2 to 218.3 ± 1.6 Ma, 218.8 ± 2.0 to 217.3 ± 1.7 Ma and 218.2 ± 1.4 to 215.0 ± 1.5 Ma, respectively. In contrast, anatectic zircon from six granitic leucosomes within paragneisses and orthogneisses from Sulu UHP slice III records younger mean U–Pb ages of 151.9 ± 1.3 to 151.1 ± 1.8 Ma and 155.9 ± 1.8 to 153.7 ± 1.7 Ma, respectively. These data imply that the Sulu UHP terrane experienced two Mesozoic partial melting events. The first partial melting event (219–215 Ma) was probably associated with a Late Triassic granulite facies stage of ‘hot’ exhumation, whereas the second (156–151 Ma) is interpreted as the result of Middle‐Late Jurassic extension and thinning of the previously thickened crust of the Sulu UHP terrane. Both partial melting events induced extensive retrograde metamorphism of the eclogites and their country rocks.     

Migmatites record multiple episodes of crustal anatexis and geochemical differentiation in the Sulu ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic zone,eastern China

Partial melting of ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks is common during collisional orogenesis and post‐collisional reworking, indicating that determining the timing and processes involved in this partial melting can provide insights into the tectonic evolution of collisional orogens. This study presents the results of a combined whole‐rock geochemical and zirconological study of migmatites from the Sulu orogen in eastern China. These data provide evidence of multiple episodes of crustal anatexis and geochemical differentiation within the UHP metamorphic rocks. The leucosomes contain higher concentrations of Ba and K and lower concentrations of the rare earth elements (REE), Th and Y, than associated melanosomes and granitic gneisses. The leucosomes also have homogenous Sr–Nd–O isotopic compositions that are similar to proximal (i.e. within the same outcrop) melanosomes, suggesting that the anatectic melts were generated by the partial melting of source rocks that are located within individual outcrops. The migmatites contain zircons with six different types of domains that can be categorized using differences in structures, trace element compositions, and U–Pb ages. Group I domains are relict magmatic zircons that yield middle Neoproterozoic U–Pb ages and contain high REE concentrations. Group II domains represent newly grown metamorphic zircons that formed at 230 ± 1 Ma during the collisional orogenesis. Groups III, IV, V, and VI zircons are newly grown anatectic zircons that formed at 222 ± 2 Ma, 215 ± 1 Ma, 177 ± 2 Ma, and 152 ± 2 Ma, respectively. The metamorphic zircons have higher Th/U and lower (Yb/Gd)_N values, flat heavy REE (HREE) patterns with no significantly negative Eu anomalies relative to the anatectic zircons, which are characterized by low Th/U ratios, steep HREE patterns, and negative Eu anomalies. The first two episodes of crustal anatexis occurred during the Late Triassic at c. 222 Ma and c. 215 Ma as a result of phengite breakdown. The other two episodes of anatexis occurred during the Jurassic period at c. 177 Ma and c. 152 Ma and were associated with extensional collapse of the collision‐thickened orogen. The majority of Triassic anatectic zircons and all of the Jurassic zircons are located within the leucosomes, whereas the melanosomes are dominated by Triassic metamorphic zircons, suggesting that the leucosomes within the migmatites record more episodes of crustal anatexis. Both metamorphic and anatectic zircons have elevated ε_Hf(t) values compared with relict magmatic zircon cores, suggesting that these zircons contain non‐zircon Hf derived from material with more radiogenic Hf isotope compositions. Therefore, the Sulu and Dabie orogens experienced different episodes of reworking during the exhumation and post‐collisional stages.     

苏鲁超高压变质带中非超高压花岗质片麻岩的准确识别:来自锆石微区矿物包体及SHRIMP U-Pb定年的证据

通过隐藏在锆石微区矿物包体激光拉曼的系统鉴定和阴极发光图像特征的详细研究,配合相应的锆石微区SHRIMP U-Pb定年测试,发现苏鲁地体超高压变质带中确实存在非超高压变质的花岗质片麻岩。该类岩石中的锆石晶体自核部到边部所保存的矿物包体以不含超高压矿物为特征,相应的阴极发光图像具有典型岩浆结晶锆石的核部和幔部,以及变质的再生边的特点。其中岩浆结晶锆石微区记录的~(238)U-~(206)Pb年龄为404～748Ma,表明原岩中部分锆石可能经历了Pb丢失,也不排除后期热事件因素的影响,原岩的形成年龄应大于748 Ma;而锆石的再生边所记录的~(238)U-~(206)Pb。年龄为204～214 Ma,与研究区经历超高压变质的副片麻岩和花岗质片麻岩锆石微区所记录的苏鲁地体快速折返过程中角闪岩相退变质年龄(~(238)U-~(206)Pb年龄的平均值为211±4 Ma,刘福来等,2003a)十分相似。上述特征表明,苏鲁地体超高压变质带中的部分花岗质片麻岩在超高压变质事件之前就已经形成,但并未“参与”深俯冲—超高压的变质演化过程,而是在苏鲁地体快速折返的角闪岩相退变质过程中与超高压岩片“拼贴”在一起。该项成果不仅为正确识别非超高压变质岩石提供了一个新的研究方法,而且对进一步深入探讨苏鲁地体超高压和非超高压岩片的“拼贴”机制有着重     

Tracing the protolith, UHP metamorphism, and exhumation ages of orthogneiss from the SW Sulu terrane (eastern China): SHRIMP U–Pb dating of mineral inclusion-bearing zircons

Orthogneisses are the major country rocks hosting eclogites in the Sulu UHP terrane, eastern China. All of the analyzed orthogneiss cores from the main drilling hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD-MH) have similar major and trace element compositions and a granite protolith. These rocks have relatively high LREE/HREE ratios, strong negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.20–0.39), and negative Ba anomalies (Ba/Ba*=0.25–0.64). Coesite and coesite-bearing UHP mineral assemblages are common inclusions in zircons separated from orthogneiss, paragneiss, amphibolite, and (retrograded) eclogite of the CCSD-MH. This suggests that the eclogite, together with its country rocks, experienced in situ ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism. Laser Raman spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL) images show that zircons from the orthogneisses are zoned and that they have distinct mineral inclusions in the different zones. Most zircons retain early magmatic cores with abundant low-pressure mineral inclusions, which are mantled with metamorphic zircon-containing inclusions of coesite and other UHP minerals. The outermost rims on these grains contain low-pressure mineral inclusions, such as quartz and albite. SHRIMP U–Pb dating of the zoned zircons gives three discrete and meaningful groups of ages: Proterozoic ages for the protolith, 227±2 Ma for the coesite-bearing mantles, and 209±3 Ma for the amphibolite facies retrograde rims. The widespread occurrence of UHP mineral inclusions in zircons from the Sulu metamorphic belt dated at about 227 Ma suggests that voluminous continental crust experienced late Triassic subduction to depths of at least 120 km and perhaps more than 200 km. Eighteen million years later, the terrane was rapidly exhumed to midcrustal levels, and the UHP rocks were overprinted by amphibolite facies metamorphism. The exhumation rate deduced from the zircon age data and previously obtained metamorphic P–T data is estimated to be 5.6–11.0 km/Ma. Such rapid exhumation of the Sulu UHP terrane may be due to the buoyancy forces produced by subduction of low-density continental material into the deep mantle.     

Partial melting of deeply subducted continental crust during exhumation: insights from felsic veins and host UHP metamorphic rocks in North Qaidam,northern Tibet

A combined petrological, geochronological and geochemical study was carried out on felsic veins and their host rocks from the North Qaidam ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphic terrane in northern Tibet. The results provide insights into partial melting of deeply subducted continental crust during exhumation. Partial melting is petrograpically recognized in metagranite, metapelite and metabasite. Migmatized gneisses, including metagranite and metapelite, contain microstructures such as granitic aggregates with varying outlines, small dihedral angles at mineral junctions and feldspar with magmatic habits, indicating the former presence of felsic melts. Partial melts were also present in metabasite that occurs as retrograde eclogite. Felsic veins in both the eclogites and gneisses exhibit typical melt crystalline textures such as large euhedral feldspar grains with straight crystal faces, indicating vein crystallization from anatectic melts. The Sr–Nd isotope compositions of felsic veins inside gneisses suggest melt derivation from anatexis of host gneisses themselves, but those inside metabasites suggest melt derivation from hybrid sources. Felsic veins inside gneisses exhibit lithochemical compositions similar to experimental melts on the An–Ab–Or diagram. In trace element distribution diagrams, they exhibit parallel patterns to their host rocks, but with lower element contents and slightly positive Eu and Sr anomalies. The geochemistry of these felsic veins is controlled by minerals that would decompose and survive, respectively, during anatexis. Felsic veins inside metabasites are rich either in quartz or in plagioclase with low normative orthoclase. In either case, they have low trace element contents, with significantly positive Eu and Sr anomalies in plagioclase‐rich veins. Combined with cumulate structures in some veins, these felsic veins are interpreted to crystallize from anatectic melts of different origins with the effect of crystal fractionation. Nevertheless, felsic veins in different lithologies exhibit roughly consistent patterns of trace element distribution, with variable enrichment of LILE and LREE but depletion of HFSE and HREE. There are also higher contents of trace elements in veins hosted by gneisses than veins hosted by metabasites. Anatectic zircon domains from felsic veins and migmatized gneisses exhibit consistent U–Pb ages of c. 420 Ma, significantly younger than the peak UHP eclogite facies metamorphic event at c. 450–435 Ma. Combining the petrological observations with local P–T paths and experimentally constrained melting curves, it is inferred that anatexis of UHP gneisses was caused by muscovite breakdown while anatexis of UHP metabasites was caused by fluid influx. These UHP metagranite, metapelite and metabasite underwent simultaneous anatexis during the exhumation, giving rise to anatectic melts with different compositions in various elements but similar patterns in trace element distribution.     

北苏鲁威海地区伟晶岩的形成过程及其与超高压岩石深熔作用的成因关系

在北苏鲁超高压变质带的威海地区,普遍发育与含黑云母正片麻岩深熔作用存在密切成因关系的伟晶岩,它们主要以规模不一的脉体、无根不规则的透镜体赋存于超高压的含黑云母正片麻岩中.锆石中矿物包体的激光拉曼鉴定、锆石阴极发光图像分析、不同性质锆石微区U-Pb定年以及锆石原位微量元素和Lu-Hf同位素测试等综合研究结果表明,伟晶岩 (WH19) 中的锆石成因相对复杂,可划分为两种类型:第一类具有强发光效应 (白色) 的继承性岩浆结晶锆石的核 (Ic)、强发光效应 (灰白色) 新生岩浆结晶锆石的幔 (m) 和相对弱发光效应 (黑色) 的岩浆结晶锆石的边 (r);第二类具有强发光效应 (灰白色) 新生岩浆结晶锆石的核 (c) 和相对弱发光效应 (黑色) 的岩浆结晶锆石的边 (r).其中继承性岩浆结晶锆石核部 (Ic) 的矿物包体为Qtz + Kfs + Pl + Ap,与围岩含黑云母正片麻岩的基质矿物组合十分相似.继承性岩浆结晶锆石核部 (Ic) 记录的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为769～228 Ma, 所组成的不一致线的上交点年龄为788±21 Ma,下交点年龄为225±20 Ma,这两组年龄分别与围岩含黑云母正片麻岩的原岩形成时代和超高压变质时代完全一致,表明该类继承性岩浆锆石来源于围岩含黑云母正片麻岩.新生岩浆结晶锆石的核部 (c) 和幔部 (m) 的矿物包体为Qtz + Kfs + Ap,与伟晶岩的基质矿物组合相似,记录的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为223～217 Ma, 谐和年龄为219.5±1.4 Ma,应代表伟晶质岩浆的形成年龄或新生岩浆的初始结晶年龄.这组年龄比含黑云母正片麻岩的超高压年龄偏新,表明深熔作用应滞后于苏鲁地体超高压变质时代,更有可能发生于构造折返麻粒岩相升温减压退变质阶段.新生岩浆结晶锆石的边部 (r) 矿物包体相对较少,记录的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为217～211 Ma, 谐和年龄为214.6±1.7 Ma,应代表伟晶质岩浆结晶结束的时代.继承性岩浆结晶锆石 (Ic) 的176Lu/177Hf = 0.00031～0.00360,~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf(t) = 0.282051 ～0.282348,εHf(t) = -8.3～2.4,T_(DM2) = 1.43～2.02 Ga,与围岩含黑云母正片麻岩中岩浆结晶锆石的Lu-Hf同位素特征完全一致,这进一步充分证明了新元古代含黑云母正片麻岩是深熔作用形成的伟晶质岩浆的母岩.麻粒岩相退变质阶段形成的新的岩浆结晶锆石的核部 (c) 和幔部 (m) 与继承性岩浆结晶锆石的Hf同位素特征存在明显差异,176Lu/177Hf = 0.00031～0.00099,~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf(t) = 0.282175～0.282225,εHf(t) = -16.7～-14.9,T_(DM2) = 1.91～2.0 Ga,表明在麻粒岩相退变质阶段,围岩含黑云母花岗岩的深熔作用是在开放体系条件下进行的.与新生岩浆结晶锆石核部 (c) 和幔部 (m) 对比,新生岩浆结晶锆石的边部 (r) 具有偏低的~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf(t)、εHf(t) 和更加离散的176Lu/177Hf(t) 值,176Lu/177Hf(t) = 0.00059～0.00288,~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf(t) = 0.282110～0.282168,εHf(t) = -20.6～-17.3,T_(DM2) = 2.03～2.21 Ma,表明伟晶质岩浆在临近结晶结束时仍然处在一个相对开放的体系条件.     

苏鲁地体超高压和退变质时代的厘定:来自片麻岩锆石微区SHRIMP U-Pb定年的证据

锆石微区矿物包体的激光拉曼和阴极发光测试以及相应的SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果表明,苏鲁地体片麻岩锆石微区记录了十分复杂的年代学信息。其中副片麻岩锆石核部记录了345～743 Ma的继承性锆石年龄,标志着原岩碎屑锆石来源的复杂性;含柯石英的锆石微区记录了220～234 Ma的超高压变质年龄;而含石英包体的边部则记录了202～219 Ma的退变质年龄。正片麻岩继承性锆石核部所记录的年龄为574～680 Ma,表明原岩锆石曾经历了部分Pb丢失,原岩的形成年龄应大于680 Ma;含柯石英锆石微区所记录的超高压变质年龄为224～242 Ma;而锆石边部所记录的退变质年龄为209～219 Ma。两类片麻岩锆石微区所隐藏的超高压变质和退变质年龄信息十分相近,平均值分别为229±4Ma和211±4Ma,标志着苏鲁地体超高压变质时代应为印支期,相应的构造抬升速率约5.6 km/Ma。该项成果不仅确定了苏鲁地体超高压变质和退变质时代,而且对于深入探讨苏鲁地体快速折返过程中的动力学机制有着重要的科学意义。     

中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔及周边地区花岗质片麻岩的地球化学性质和超高压变质作用标志的识别

花岗质片麻岩是中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔0-2000m深度范围内出露的主要岩石类型之一,集中分布于1113.14-1596.22m之间,而在0-1113.14m和1596.22-2000m深度范围内主要以“夹层”形式赋存于副片麻岩和(退变)榴辉岩中,夹层的厚度为0.54-5.82m左右。花岗质片麻岩累计厚度430.98m,占2000m岩心的21.55％左右。地球化学研究结果表明,主孔中花岗质片麻岩SiO2含量普遍偏高,为71.55％-77.18％之间,Al2O3含量为11.54％-13.57％。TiO2、Fe2O3、FeO、MnO和MgO含量则明显偏低,其中Fe2O3 FeO总量为1.05％-2.94％,MgO=0.06％-0.59％。CaO含量为0.30％-2.65％。Na2O和K2O含量变化相对较大,分别为0.29％-4.06％和2.90％-6.67％之间,且大多数样品K2O含量高于Na2O含量。稀土元素配分模式具有右倾式的特点,轻稀土相对富集,而重稀土相对亏损,具有强烈的负Eu异常,Eu/Eu=0.21-0.26之间。在标准化蛛网图上,则显示Ta、Nb、P和Ti的明显亏损以及中等-强烈的负Ba异常,Ba/Ba=0.25-O.64之间,平均值为0.45左右。上述主元素、稀土元素和微量元素特征与中国大陆科学钻探预先导孔CCSD-PP1岩心以及东海及其邻区地表露头的花岗质片麻岩的化学成分十分相似,具有A型花岗岩的地球化学特征。采用激光拉曼技术,配备阴极发光测试,确认中国大陆科学钻