复杂地基上堆载速度对地基沉降的影响分析

复杂地基上进行堆山工程主要存在地基的不均匀沉降和剪切破坏等工程地质问题,特别是堆山地基岩土体分布不均匀引起的地基差异沉降问题,必须对其进行科学计算分析,给出地基处理的对策和人工堆积边坡的加固措施。为了减小沉降变形给工程带来的不良影响,拟采用分层碾压填筑、控制填土堆填速度、通过所堆岩土体荷载使地基土层固结来提高地基的承载力。同时为了保证堆山工程安全,对不同加载速度条件下地基固结沉降进行计算分析,给出最佳堆载工期,按此最佳堆载工期进行堆填以满足工程的安全设计要求。     

考虑土体强度增长的黏性土地基承载力分析

近些年国内进行了多处的人工堆山工程,其特点是堆载分层施加、荷载分布面积大、施工期较长且总荷载非常大,常规地基处理不能满足堆山荷载对地基承载力的要求。结合堆山工程逐级施加的堆土荷载之间通常有较长时间间隔的特点,认为地基可在分级堆填间歇时间内发生一定程度固结有效应力提高,导致土体强度增加,因此地基承载力也产生相应的提高,利用固结引起土体强度增长导致的承载力提高是堆山工程成功的关键。应用有效应力法分析了土体固结引起强度增长的机制和计算,提出不排水条件下考虑土体强度增长的地基承载力分析方法,运用该理论对比分析了两个人工堆山工程案例,对堆山工程提出建议可供类似工程参考。     

FLAC3D在复杂工程条件下的应用

利用建筑垃圾堆山造景是现代城市的一个新方向。但由于堆山工程占地范围大,荷载大,往往会产生一系列的工程地质问题,在软土地区这个问题更为突出。为使堆山工程能顺利进行,必须对地基进行一定的处理,而常规计算只能选择典型剖面或者地段进行局部分析,不能反映真实的三维影响特征,但数值分析可以有效解决这一问题。利用有限差分软件FLAC3D,对天津某堆山工程进行分析,为优化地基处理方案提供有力依据。     

江苏某市人工堆山坍塌机理分析

近年来,在城市建设中,堆山造景工程越来越多,且规模也越来越大.堆山造景工程多是利用工程弃土、建筑垃圾、生活垃圾等固体废弃物,填筑在不能用于城市工程建设的废弃土地上.这样既能使城市固体废弃物和废弃土地得到有效利用,又能很好地美化城市环境.因此,堆山工程逐渐成为城市建设中美化居住环境的一种新时尚.然而这些不适官作为工程建设...     

建筑垃圾堆山工程中软土地基稳定性评价探讨

利用建筑垃圾进行堆山工程,一方面给垃圾的处理、堆放提供了一条废弃资源再生利用的新途?另一方面也产生了一些与软土地基有关的工程问题,尤其是地基的稳定性问题.基于软土地基BIOT固结有限元构式及程序的基础,对建筑垃圾堆山工程分级加荷施工过程中,软土地基的固结变形、孔隙水压力分布等进行了弹塑性有限元计算分析,分别从应力和位移两个角度,采用侧向位移速率法、有效应力途径法以及安全图法进行地基稳定性评价.结果得出在工期允许的条件下,采用合理的断面形式以及加荷方案,利用堆载预压是一种以时间换取金钱的最经济合理的处理方案.本文的计算方法和结论,对类似工程的施工设计可借鉴和参考.     

真空联合堆载预压处理深厚软土地基的施工与监测方法研究

对于深厚软土地基,采用真空联合堆载是一个经济合理的地基加固方法,但如果施工方法不当会影响加固效果。在堆载过程中应加强现场监测,以对地基的加固效果和施工期地基的安全进行监测。结合某工程真空联合堆载预压处理软土地基,对真空联合堆载预压施工与监测方法进行研究与介绍,其成果可供类似工程参考。     

江苏镇江蛋山生态治理人工堆山工程地基沉降分析

堆山工程是为了有效处理固体废弃物,进行生态城市建设中一种新的工程类型,人工山体地基沉降量是评价其稳定性非常重要的指标。本文采用固结理论与分层总和法分别计算出人工山体地基堆载竣工时与最终的沉降量,并对关键位置地基土体的固结度特征进行了分析,得到了沉降变形、固结度随时间的变化规律。将实测结果与计算结果进行了对比分析,二者基本一致,表明采用这一理论方法可以有效预测人工堆山体地基沉降。     

镇江市蛋山大型堆山工程地质问题分析

镇江市蛋山大型堆山工程地基由强风化三叠系泥质灰岩和燕山期闪长玢岩及粉质粘土、软土等岩土层组成,其地基岩土层力学性质相差较大。本文对该堆山工程填土的力学性质和人工山体的稳定性进行了研究,结果表明,填土的最佳含水率和最优干密度分别为18.2%和1.68g/cm3,其强度比原状土低,具有中等压缩性。采用分段进行堆土施工可以较好解决地基不均匀沉降问题。以土层为地基的西侧和南侧其山体边坡稳定性较差,在特殊不利工况下接近临界状态。这一研究对矿山生态环境治理、城市废弃物处理和堆山景观工程均具有示范作用。     

强夯能量利用率反演及加固影响范围研究

强夯法具有高效的地基处理能力而被广泛应用,但加固地基的同时会对周围工程结构和环境产生一定的振动危害。以能量转换原理为基础,近似将夯击能分为振动波能和土体塑性功两部分,通过建立的强夯椭球体分区加固模型,导出塑性功计算格式,提出利用监测强夯夯坑深度变化信息来反演强夯能量利用率的反演方法,并导出了相应的反演公式。依据加固压实区和加固影响区椭球体分布假设和夯坑深度变化监测结果,给出了强夯加固范围和影响范围大小的计算思路和方法。以北京园博园回填土地基强夯加固工程为背景,利用现场监测试验信息对强夯能量利用率和加固范围及影响范围进行了反演分析和计算。分析表明,文中方法不仅能够有效地反演出强夯能量利用率和计算出强夯加固范围和影响范围,且可利用分析结果能够方便地估算地基强夯加固时的有效夯击次数,进行加固方案设计等。通过分析结果与现场地基测试结果的比较,验证了文中方法的有效性和实用性。     

大面积堆载作用下滨海吹填软土地基变形特性研究

通过在大面积堆载场地设置地表沉降监测仪器,进行历时3年的现场监测,对大面积堆载作用下滨海吹填软土地基的沉降变形特性进行了分析研究,揭示了大面积堆载作用下软土地基变形特性不同于常规荷载作用下软土地基变形特性的规律,总结了大面积堆载条件下软土地基变形沉降的规律,利用数值计算方法模拟了地基沉降变形规律,分析了地基破坏模式,数值计算结果与现场监测结果有着较好的一致性,在400 kPa堆载力的作用下,最大沉降值约为1.6m。     

循环荷载下低填方桩承式路堤动力响应分析

低填方桩承式路堤在交通荷载下的动力响应特性与路堤的承载能力及其稳定性密切相关。基于前人的室内模型试验,采用PFC2D软件建立了桩承式路堤离散元数值分析模型;采用数值双轴试验、数值单向压缩试验分别对路堤填料和桩间土的细观参数进行了标定;同时,根据路堤荷载传递效率对模拟结果与试验数据进行了对比分析,验证了离散元数值模型的正确性及适用性。在此基础上,在低填方路堤表面施加正弦波循环荷载,并对路堤荷载传递效率、接触力分布及路堤沉降等的变化规律进行了分析。模拟结果表明：在循环荷载作用下,低填方路堤中土拱结构的承载力先逐渐弱化并最终趋于稳定;该弱化作用在宏观上表现为路堤荷载传递效率的逐渐降低,而在细观上则表现为桩顶及桩间土上方接触力差异程度的逐渐减小;同时,土拱结构的弱化将不断加剧路堤表面的不均匀沉降。     

A three-phase model for evaluating the seismic resistance of soils reinforced by a network of symmetrically inclined piles

The stability analysis of a piled embankment under seismic loading is considered, with a special emphasis on the optimization of the reinforcement layout by splitting the initial group of vertical piles into two symmetrically inclined arrays of parallel inclusions. The bidirectionally-reinforced soil thus obtained is appropriately described, at the macroscopic scale, by a three-phase model, conceived as an extension of the two-phase model previously developed for unidirectionally-reinforced soils. The model is implemented in a finite element formulation and related numerical code, which is used for simulating the behavior of the piled embankment up to failure. The results of these simulations, which favourably compare with upper bound yield design calculations, clearly indicate that the seismic resistance of the embankment can be considerably increased from symmetrically inclining the piles, even without taking the potential benefits of their flexural resistance into account.     

Three-dimensional analysis of bearing behavior of piled raft on soft clay

The piled raft has proved to be an economical foundation type compared to conventional pile foundations. However, there is a reluctance to consider the use of piled rafts on soft clay because of concerns about excessive settlement and insufficient bearing capacity. Despite these reasons, applications of piled rafts on soft clay have been increased recently. Current analysis methods for piled rafts on soft clay, however, are insufficient, especially for calculating the overall bearing capacity of the piled raft. This study describes the three-dimensional behavior of a piled raft on soft clay based on a numerical study using a 3D finite element method. The analysis includes a pile–soil slip interface model. A series of numerical analyses was performed for various pile lengths and pile configurations for a square raft subjected to vertical loading. Relatively stiff soil properties and different loading types were also used for estimating the bearing behavior of the piled raft. Based on the results, the effect of pile–soil slip on the bearing behavior of a piled raft was investigated. Furthermore, the proportion of load sharing of the raft and piles at the ultimate state and the relationship between the settlement and overall factor of safety was evaluated. The results show that the use of a limited number of piles, strategically located, might improve both bearing capacity and the settlement performance of the raft.     

风机梁板式桩筏基础承载特性大型模型试验研究

梁板式桩筏基础与传统桩筏基础一样具有较高的承载力和变形控制能力,且较传统桩筏基础能够节约成本,具有重要经济效应,因而成为了新兴的基础形式被应用于风电基础中。然而目前该基础仍采用传统桩筏基础的设计方法进行计算,造成了巨大的浪费。为了弥补目前梁板式风机基础设计方法的缺陷,采用大型室内模型试验对梁板式风机基础的受力变形特性进行研究,分析了竖向荷载作用下梁板式风机基础内梁、桩、土体等的受力机制及特性。研究表明,在工作荷载范围内,梁板式桩筏基础体系处于弹性状态,且梁板式桩筏基础具有一定的柔性,中央与边缘存在一定的差异沉降。桩-桩相互作用及桩-土相互作用对具有一定柔性的梁板式桩筏基础受力变形特性具有重大的影响,应该修正现行设计时不考虑这几个因素的缺点。     

沉降控制复合桩基数值模拟分析

沉降控制复合桩基在上海软土地区建筑工程中得到了广泛应用,根据沉降控制复合桩基自身的特点,提出了简化的三维有限元分析模型,模拟了桩土及其承台之间复杂的相互作用,通过计算分析,得到了若干可供工程设计参考的结论.     

Integral equation method for analysis of piled rafts with dissimilar piles under vertical loading

In a piled raft, the length and arrangement of piles has a significant effect on the stresses and deflections of the raft. The use of piles with different dimensions and properties below a raft is an innovative concept and can optimize the design of a piled raft. In this study, an integral equation method with a fictitious pile model was adopted to analyze the piled raft foundation with dissimilar piles. The Fredholm integral equations of the second kind were obtained for this problem. The loads shared by piles and subsoil, the load transfer, and the settlement of the piled raft were obtained using numerical calculation. The results from the present method were compared with those in the literature. An optimization technique was introduced to design piled rafts with dissimilar piles. The stiffening effect of piles on the surrounding soil is also discussed as compared the conventional interaction factor approach.     

Analysis of piled raft coefficient and load-settlement on sandy soil

A piled raft foundation is a combined foundation, which is developed to utilize the load-carrying capabilities of both raft and piles. To obtain an optimum piled raft design, it is important to properly evaluate and consider the load-sharing behavior between the raft and piles, which changes according to the settlement level of the piled raft. In this study, 27 three-dimensional finite element models were analyzed to investigate the piled raft coefficient with linear and nonlinear load-settlement behaviors. The length of piles was varied between 10, 15, and 20 m. The spacing between pile centers was varied between 3D, 5D, and 7D, and the pile diameter was kept constant. The number of piles and the distance between the exterior piles and the edge of the raft were maintained at 9 and 1 m, respectively. The sand conditions varied between dense, medium, and loose. The results indicated that the piled raft coefficient increases when the load-settlement curve is linear and decreases when the load-settlement curve is nonlinear. The influence of the incremental increase in pile length on the piled raft coefficient is more pronounced in short piles than in longer piles. The raft thickness has a negligible effect on the piled raft coefficient.     

宝钢原料堆场采用砂桩加固软弱地基与分级堆料提高地基强度的实施效果

场地在工程地质分区上属于软土地层区、天然地基不能满足原料堆场的强度要求。为保证原料场的稳定与安全,在地基的处理上,采用了挤密砂桩和利用生产原料的自重进行分级堆高预压两项加固措施,增大了地基强度,达到了设计要求。     

桩箱（筏）基础刚度计算的改进及其应用

软土地区，桩箱（筏）基础是高层尤其是超高层建筑的首选基础型式。在桩箱（筏）基础刚度计算研究基础上，对桩箱（筏）基础优化设计进行探讨，力求将桩箱（筏）基础研究上升到优化设计的新高度。     

往复荷载下层状地基柔性筏板-群桩共同作用分析

提出一种层状地基中柔性筏板-群桩共同作用分析方法,探讨筏板刚度对桩筏基础沉降的影响,并成功预测了往复荷载下桩筏基础的长期沉降。筏板刚度采用Mindlin板理论的有限单元法分析;桩-土体系的刚度矩阵中,桩顶面-桩顶面、桩顶面-土表面以及土表面-土表面的相互作用分析采用层状剪切位移法借助层状地基的Burmister位移解求得。基于层状地基中柔性筏板-群桩的沉降计算方法以及往复荷载下土体压缩模量的衰减特性得到了桩筏基础的长期沉降预测方法。与已有文献方法和离心模型试验结果的对比分析表明,柔性筏板-群桩共同作用方法得到的沉降值具有较高的精度。