南海成因及其演化模式探讨

尽管南海已进行深入的调查与研究,提出多种成因模型,包括挤出模型、弧后扩张模型、古南海俯冲拖曳模型等,但因其所处构造位置特殊,周边构造环境经历了复杂的改造,所有成因模式均未能得到广泛的认可。本文从三大板块相互作用入手,结合南海实测数据,提出南海形成的弧后扩张—左旋剪切模型。认为南海是古南海往北俯冲的弧后盆地,菲律宾海板块往北漂移形成的大规模左旋走滑是南海扩张的触发因素。印度—欧亚碰撞产生中南半岛挤出主要影响西南海盆扩张方向,使得扩张轴从近东西向转为北东向。南海及邻区晚中生代以来的演化可以分为以下阶段：1）早白垩世开始澳大利亚板块往北漂移,新特提斯洋往北俯冲消亡,导致弧后扩张,形成古南海;2）晚白垩世末—始新世,古南海往北俯冲,导致弧后拉张形成陆缘裂谷;3）早渐新世,受菲律宾海板块西缘大型左旋走滑影响,在原有裂谷的基础上从东往西海底扩张,形成南海;4）渐新世末,受俯冲后撤的影响,扩张中心往南跃迁,同时受西缘断裂左旋活动的影响,扩张轴从近东西西逐步转为北东向;5）早中新世晚期,南沙地块—北巴拉望地块与卡加延脊碰撞,南海扩张停止。     

Tectonic Evolution and Key Geological Issues of the Proto‐South China Sea

There are numerous controversies surrounding the tectonic properties and evolution of the Proto-South China Sea(PSCS).By combining data from previously published works with our geological and paleontological observations of the South China Sea(SCS),we propose that the PSCS should be analyzed within two separate contexts:its paleogeographic location and the history of its oceanic crust.With respect to its paleogeographic location,the tectonic properties of the PSCS vary widely from the Triassic to the mid-Late Cretaceous.In the Triassic,the Paleo-Tethys and the Paleo-Pacific Oceans were the major causes of tectonic changes in the SCS,while the PCSC may have been a remnant sea residing upon Tethys or Paleo-Pacific oceanic crust.In the Jurassic,the Meso-Tethys and the Paleo-Pacific oceans joined,creating a PSCS back-arc basin consisting of Meso-Tethys and/or Paleo-Pacific oceanic crust.From the Early Cretaceous to the midLate Cretaceous,the Paleo-Pacific Ocean was the main tectonic body affecting the SCS;the PSCS may have been a marginal sea or a back-arc basin with Paleo-Pacific oceanic crust.With respect to its oceanic crust,due to the subduction and retreat of the Paleo-Pacific plate in Southeast Asia at the end of the Late Cretaceous,the SCS probably produced new oceanic crust,which allowed the PSCS to formally emerge.At this time,the PSCS was most likely a combination of a new marginal sea and a remnant sea;its oceanic crust,which eventually subducted and became extinct,consisted of both new oceanic crust and remnant oceanic crust from the Paleo-Pacific Ocean.In the present day,the remnant PSCS oceanic crust is located in the southwestern Nansha Trough.     

珠江口盆地成盆‒成烃‒成藏:代序

珠江口盆地位于太平洋俯冲的东部动力系统、印度-澳大利亚板块与欧亚碰撞或新特提斯洋俯冲的西部动力系统相互作用的中间地带,因此其构造成因及南海海盆打开机制一直存在争论;且构造对南海北部陆缘盆地群的油气成藏有何作用也不甚清晰。本专辑以珠江口盆地为例,特别是以阳江东凹为精细解剖区,结合中国东部新生代盆地的研究成果,展开了以下问题讨论:(1)珠江口盆地成盆机制:是单一裂陷、多幕伸展、单次伸展-走滑,还是多幕叠合走滑模式?(2)盆地的成盆机制与洼陷的生排烃、油气成藏相关性,尤其是古近系烃源岩的形成条件与资源潜力如何?不同幕次的构造转换对"源-汇"体系和油气成藏的控制作用等;(3)南海海盆的打开方式和动力学机制探讨:是印度-澳大利亚板块与欧亚板块碰撞有关的挤出-逃逸模式、太平洋板块俯冲有关的弧后伸展模式、深部构造有关的地幔柱模式、与古南海俯冲有关的俯冲拖曳模式,还是右行右阶拉分模式?(4)中国东部近海盆地共性探讨:珠江口盆地的成盆、成藏、成烃机制是否与渤海湾盆地、东海陆架盆地具有相似性?研究结果揭示,多期走滑拉分作用对珠江口盆地形成及其油气成藏具有重要意义,也影响了南海及其周边盆地群的裂解和洋盆打开过程,其动力来源主要是太平洋俯冲动力系统。     

古南海构造属性及其与特提斯和古太平洋构造域的关系

为了进一步理解南海地区前新生代的构造演化过程,明确古南海构造属性及其与特提斯和古太平洋构造域的关系,通过对古南海遗迹（蛇绿岩、蛇绿混杂岩以及俯冲增生带）的研究,结合周围陆区地质及古生物资料,将古南海的演化划分为4个阶段。①古特提斯残留海阶段（T₁-T₂）:古南海是在早-中三叠世的古特提斯残余海基础上发展而来,与古特提斯残余海是一个连续的演化过程。②古太平洋边缘海阶段（T₃）:晚三叠世,由于古特提斯洋的全面关闭,古南海主要受古太平洋的影响。③中特提斯与古太平洋叠加影响阶段（J-K₁）:早侏罗世,古南海开始扩张,并受中特提斯和古太平洋叠加影响;晚侏罗世,南沙地块向华南大陆开始漂移,古南海进一步强烈扩张。④俯冲消亡阶段（K₂末期-E）:晚白垩世,南沙地块开始裂离华南大陆,古南海开始向南俯冲;至始新世,伴随着新南海的扩张,古南海加速消亡于巽他地块之下,并在南海南部地区形成了卢帕尔线蛇绿岩带以及一系列的俯冲增生带。     

跳出南海看南海——新特提斯洋闭合与南海的形成演化

本文总结了笔者参与基金委重大研究计划"南海深海过程演变"的研究成果。我们发现南海和青藏高原都是新特提斯洋闭合的产物,而非前人所说的南海是由青藏高原碰撞导致的中南半岛逃逸所形成。与青藏高原碰撞隆升机制不同,南海是新特提斯闭合后期弧后拉张的结果。新特提斯洋位于北边的欧亚大陆与南面的非洲、印度和澳大利亚板块之间,呈东宽西窄的喇叭型。在西部,新特提斯洋向北的俯冲可能在侏罗纪就开始了,局部形成了弧后盆。约130Ma前,由于凯尔盖朗等大火成岩省的喷发,新特提斯洋脊也开始向北漂移。由于新特提斯洋东部宽度较大,弧后拉张明显,形成了古南海。新特提斯洋闭合过程中一个重大事件是洋脊俯冲:从菲律宾经福建及两广到青藏高原,均有100Ma左右的埃达克岩产出,是洋脊俯冲的产物。其中,菲律宾、福建、广东埃达克岩形成了斑岩铜金矿床;而在青藏高原,埃达克岩虽有矿化,但没有形成大规模的斑岩铜金矿床。同时期,华南出现了一次短暂的大规模挤压事件,与洋脊俯冲契合。这次挤压事件可能导致了古南海闭合的开始。与此同时,青藏高原冈底斯出现高温岩石——埃达克质紫苏花岗岩;其北面有～110Ma短时间内发生的大规模花岗岩事件。考虑到板块重建的结果,这些埃达克岩和华南短时间挤压事件的时空分布显示新特提斯洋脊在约100～110Ma,近似平行于俯冲带俯冲到了欧亚大陆之下;其前片下沉,扰动软流圈,形成大规模岩浆活动;后片则缓慢后撤,于～80Ma形成了A-型花岗岩。这些A-型花岗岩多属于A2型,受到了还原性板块俯冲的影响而普遍含锡,形成了全球60%的锡矿。俯冲板片的后撤,导致了拉张,可以合理解释南海北缘的"神狐运动"。随着俯冲板片后撤,俯冲角度加大,形成新的弧后拉张,于～33Ma出现洋壳,形成了南海。青藏高原碰撞引起的物质向东、南、北等各方向逃逸,对东亚大陆的构造格局也产生了重要的影响,但是并非南海拉张的主要控制因素。到～23Ma时,东经九十度海岭的俯冲阻挡了青藏高原下方地幔物质向东南方向逃逸,改变了东亚构造格局。同时,由于该海岭俯冲产生的向北东方向的挤压,造成印支半岛向西南挠曲,导致南海洋脊产生向南的跃迁。     

南海西缘结合带的贯通性

为了探讨南海西缘结合带的构造贯通性, 在系统分析其地质-地球物理资料的基础上, 剖析了该带的分段性和深-浅部构造几何学特征, 对该带的哀牢山-红河-越东-万纳-卢帕尔各段进行了全面的构造几何学及构造运动学上的对比分析, 提出该带是一条相互贯通的走滑断裂系统, 其各部分在构造几何学上符合走滑构造的基本构架, 构造运动学上具有同时性, 浅部各段具有共同相连的深部的"根", 表现出明显的时空上的贯通性与构造上的一致性.      

Seismotectonics and tectonic history of the andaman sea

The Andaman Sea is considered as an actively spreading back-arc basin. Seismicity and newly determined focal-mechanism solutions in the Andaman Sea area support this view. The tectonic history of the region is inferred from magnetic lineations in the northeastern Indian Ocean and the northward motion of Greater India. The mid-oceanic ridge which migrated northward along the east side of the Ninetyeast Ridge collided with the western end of the “old Sunda Trench” in the Middle or Late Miocene (10–20 m.y. B.P.). This ridge—trench collision released much of the compressional stress in the back-arc area and the continued northward movement of India that collided with Eurasia exerted a drag on the back-arc region, causing the opening of the Andaman Sea. In appearance, the subducted ridge jumped to the back-arc area. Thus, the Andaman Sea is not an ordinary subduction-related back-arc basin, but probably a basin formed by oblique extensional rifting associated with both ridge subduction and deformation of the back-arc area caused by a nearby continental collision.     

东海陆架盆地类型及其形成的动力学环境

东海陆架盆地位于欧亚板块东南缘,处于华南陆块(包括西部的扬子地块和东部的华夏地块)之上.其基底是华夏地块在东海陆架的延伸,也是西太平洋大陆边缘构造域的重要组成部分.从全球板块构造格局分析,东海陆架盆地处于西太平洋三角带区域,是印度-澳大利亚板块和太平洋板块与欧亚板块巨型汇聚的地带,也是全球汇聚中心,其东西两侧分别与特提斯和西太平洋构造域演化息息相关.总体来说,东海陆架盆地是“欧亚板块与太平洋板块之间的碰撞、俯冲、弧后扩张,印度-澳大利亚板块与欧亚板块之间的汇聚、碰撞、楔入的远程效应,以及地球深部动力学作用”共同叠加、复合作用形成的弧后盆地.其形成机制符合被动扩张模式,向东的地幔流和软流圈下降流是导致弧后扩张的主要地球深部动力来源.     

南海西缘新生代沉积盆地形成动力学探讨

通过对南海西缘新生代沉积盆地伸展作用、沉降、构造变形等特征分析,检查印支地块多条近北西向走滑断裂时间、幅度等特征以及与盆地之间联系,结果表明印度-欧亚碰撞引起的逃逸作用与南海西缘新生代盆地没有直接的成因联系;两个与俯冲有关的不同扩张机制与南海西缘新生代盆地有成因联系,即(1)太平洋板块在古新世到始新世的滚动后退,太平洋-欧亚板块汇聚速率的降低驱使这些盆地产生初始伸展作用;(2)渐新世到中中新世古南海南倾俯冲板块的拖曳力,进一步驱使这些盆地的伸展及接着的南海扩张.     

南沙地块构造格局及其演化特征

将南沙地块及其周边地块置于统一的地球动力学背景下,根据地球物理、地层展布、构造变形等特征,确立了南沙地块的一级构造边界,提出南沙地块的演化与古南海及现今南海的演化密不可分。古南海分隔了南沙地块和加里曼丹—巴拉望地块,随着古南海由西南往东北的剪刀状南向俯冲封闭和现今南海的张开,南沙地块和加里曼丹—巴拉望地块之间先后在始新世—晚中新世发生B型俯冲、A型俯冲及碰撞作用,形成沙捞越俯冲碰撞带,并在该带北侧形成南沙地块前陆盆地区、南沙地块隆起区及南海深海盆3个构造单元。     

南海南部礼乐盆地结构演化及其对区域地质背景的响应

运用丰富的二维地震资料,通过构造结构与地层结构的分析,对礼乐盆地的盆地结构演化与转型过程及其对南海地区复杂动力学背景的响应特征进行研究。结果表明:受控于NNE、NEE、NW和近EW向的断裂体系,礼乐盆地现今构造格局表现为"两坳一隆"的结构特征;两个关键的区域角度不整合T70和T50将礼乐盆地新生界自下而上划分为三层结构:陆缘裂陷层、漂移裂陷层和前陆-拗陷层;响应于太平洋板块俯冲、印度-欧亚板块碰撞、新南海扩张、古南海消亡和菲律宾海板块楔入等一系列周缘板块重组事件,礼乐盆地的盆地结构演化及转型经历了三个阶段:陆缘多幕裂陷阶段,盆地结构受控于NNE和NEE向断裂体系,南北坳陷连通;漂移裂陷阶段,NNE和NW向共轭断裂体系控制盆地格局,中部隆起形成,分隔南、北坳陷;前陆-拗陷阶段,前陆盆地结构形成,随后盆地因热沉降进入拗陷沉积阶段。     

华南和南海北部陆缘岩石圈速度结构特征与沉积盆地成因

新近地震层析资料表明, 华南和南海北部陆缘岩石圈及下伏的软流层中存在规模宏大的低速异常带, 它们在研究区新生代演化历史中曾发挥重要的控制作用.其中, 岩石圈底面及内部的巨型NW向异常低速带表明中生代末至新生代早期的神狐运动不仅在华南与南海北部陆缘产生NE向张裂构造体系并催生出内陆-陆架-陆坡沉积盆地, 还导致南海海盆的早期扩张.软流层NNW向的异常低速带则反映岩石圈SSE向的蠕动直接导致南海中央海盆的海底扩张及陆缘地区的持续裂解.研究区深部速度结构特征是历史动力过程所残留的痕迹, 华南陆缘和南海北部新生代沉积盆地的形成和发展, 与岩石圈及软流层的结构和运动方式密切相关.      

班公湖-怒江结合带西段多岛弧盆系时空结构初步分析

笔者依据班公湖地区1：25万喀纳幅、日土县幅、羌多幅地质填图和专题研究工作取得的阶段性成果,将班公湖带的多岛弧盆系时空结构厘定为3条蛇绿混杂岩亚带。该3条亚带为盆地所隔,从北而南依次为班公湖带北亚带、班摩掌侏罗纪弧间盆地、班公湖带中亚带、日土-巴尔穷侏罗纪—早白垩世复合弧后盆地和班公湖带南亚带等。初步认为班公湖-怒江特提斯洋经历了晚三叠—早侏罗世往北俯冲、中晚侏罗世早期向北、往南双向俯冲、早白垩世往南俯冲等3次俯冲消亡阶段;同时,讨论了在班公湖带研究中存在的问题及其在反演班公湖-怒江结合带西段构造演化和在找矿方面的意义,以及进一步研究方向。     

南海大陆边缘盆地构造演化差异性及其与南海扩张耦合关系

南海大陆边缘盆地由于边界条件的差异,不仅形成了不同类型的陆缘盆地,如离散型、走滑伸展型和伸展挠曲复合型,而且这些盆地构造演化存在明显的非同步性。这些陆缘破裂过程与南海扩张作用过程呈现明显不一致性。研究表明,南海扩张时期南海南、北大陆边缘均形成了一系列裂陷盆地,然而,南海南部、北部大陆边缘盆地裂陷作用结束时间不同,北部大陆边缘盆地裂陷作用结束于23 Ma或21 Ma,而南部大陆边缘盆地裂陷作用结束于15.5 Ma,显然北部大陆边缘盆地裂陷结束时间明显早于南部大陆边缘盆地。南海扩张停止后,南海南、北部陆缘仍表现出明显差异,北部陆缘仍以伸展作用为主,晚中新世以来出现快速沉降幕,而南海南部陆缘则以挤压作用为主,且其挤压时间及强度呈现南早北晚的特点,即南部曾母盆地明显早于南薇西盆地和北康盆地。南海南、北大陆边缘盆地形成演化的差异性,特别是构造转型差异变化,为新生代南海扩张的迁移性提供了有力的佐证,可以推断南海不同期次海盆扩张可能存在向南的突然跃迁。因此,本次研究梳理出的南海不同陆缘盆地张裂伸展的非同步性可为南海洋盆扩张演化过程解释提供新的证据。     

Seismic evidence of divergent rifting and subsequent deformation in the southern Japan Sea, and a Cenozoic tectonic synthesis of the eastern Eurasian margin

Neogene rift system configuration for the back-arc of southwest Japan, southern rim of the Japan Sea, is argued on the basis of reflection seismic interpretation. Divergent rifting and subsequent contraction provoked by an arc–arc collisional event are manifested by the formation of faulted grabens and their inverted deformation, respectively. We identified the following four Cenozoic tectonic epochs as a decomposition process of the eastern Eurasian margin based on reliable paleomagnetic data: (1) Plate margin rearrangement on a regional left-lateral fault through southwest Japan and Sikhote Alin, which constituted a continuous geologic province before the early Tertiary differential motion; (2) Early Tertiary clockwise rotation (>20°) of the east Tan-Lu block relative to the North China block; (3) Oligocene to early Miocene divergent rifting and spreading of the Japan Sea, which divided southwest Japan from the east Tan-Lu block; (4) Middle Miocene bending and back-arc inversion of southwest Japan caused by collision with the Izu-Bonin arc. According to the estimation of relative motions during these events, a paleogeographic reconstruction is presented through Cenozoic time.     

Plate tectonic control on the formation and tectonic migration of Cenozoic basins in northern margin of the South China Sea

The tectonic evolution history of the South China Sea(SCS) is important for understanding the interaction between the Pacific Tectonic Domain and the Tethyan Tectonic Domain,as well as the regional tectonics and geodynamics during the multi-plate convergence in the Cenozoic.Several Cenozoic basins formed in the northern margin of the SCS,which preserve the sedimentary tectonic records of the opening of the SCS.Due to the spatial non-uniformity among different basins,a systematic study on the various basins in the northern margin of the SCS constituting the Northern Cenozoic Basin Group(NCBG) is essential.Here we present results from a detailed evaluation of the spatial-temporal migration of the boundary faults and primary unconformities to unravel the mechanism of formation of the NCBG.The NCBG is composed of the Beibu Gulf Basin(BBGB),Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB),Pearl River Mouth Basin(PRMB) and Taixinan Basin(TXNB).Based on seismic profiles and gravity-magnetic anomalies,we confirm that the NE-striking onshore boundary faults propagated into the northern margin of the SCS.Combining the fault slip rate,fault combination and a comparison of the unconformities in different basins,we identify NE-striking rift composed of two-stage rifting events in the NCBG:an early-stage rifting(from the Paleocene to the Early Oligocene) and a late-stage rifting(from the Late Eocene to the beginning of the Miocene).Spatially only the late-stage faults occurs in the western part of the NCBG(the BBGB,the QDNB and the western PRMB),but the early-stage rifting is distributed in the whole NCBG.Temporally,the early-stage rifting can be subdivided into three phases which show an eastward migration,resulting in the same trend of the primary unconformities and peak faulting within the NCBG.The late-stage rifting is subdivided into two phases,which took place simultaneously in different basins.The first and second phase of the early-stage rifting is related to back-arc extension of the Pacific subduction retreat system.The third phase of the earlystage rifting resulted from the joint effect of slab-pull force due to southward subduction of the proto-SCS and the back-arc extension of the Pacific subduction retreat system.In addition,the first phase of the late-stage faulting corresponds with the combined effect of the post-collision extension along the Red River Fault and slab-pull force of the proto-SCS subduction.The second phase of the late-stage faulting fits well with the sinistral faulting of the Red River Fault in response to the Indochina Block escape tectonics and the slab-pull force of the proto-SCS.     

Satellite Gravity Anomalies and Their Correlation with the Major Tectonic Features in the South China Sea

The South China Sea (SCS) is a region of interaction among three major plates: the Pacific, Indo-Australian and Eurasian. The collision of the Indian subcontinent with the Eurasian plate in the northwest, back-arc spreading at the center, and subduction beneath the Philippine plate along Manila trench in the east and the collision along Palawan trough in the south have produced complex tectonic features within and along the SCS. This investigation examines the satellite-derived gravity anomalies of the SCS and compares them with major tectonic features of the area. A map of Bouguer gravity anomaly is derived in conjunction with available seafloor topography to investigate the crustal structure. The residual isostatic gravity anomaly is calculated assuming that the Cenozoic sedimentary load is isostatically compensated. The features in the gravity anomalies in general correlate remarkably well with the major geological features, including offsets in the seafloor spreading segments, major faults, basins, seamounts and other manifestations of magmatism and volcanism on the seafloor. They also correlate with the presumed location of continental-oceanic crust boundary. The region underlain by oceanic crust in the central part of the SCS is characterized by a large positive Bouguer gravity anomaly (220–330 mgal) as well as large free-air and residual isostatic anomalies. There are, however, important differences among spreading segments. For example, in terms of free-air gravity anomaly, the southwest section of mid-ocean has an approximately 50 km wide belt of gravity low superimposed on a broad high of 45 mgal running NW–SE, whereas there are no similar features in other spreading segments. There are indications that gravity anomalies may represent lateral variation in upper crustal density structure. For instance, free air and isostatic anomalies show large positive anomalies in the east of the Namconson basin, which coincide with areas of dense volcanic material known from seismic surveys. The Red River Fault system are clearly identified in the satellite gravity anomalies, including three major faults, Songchay Fault in the southwest, Songlo Fault in the Northeast and Central Fault in the center of the basin. They are elongated in NW–SE direction between 20±30'N and 17°N and reach to Vietnam Scarp Fault around 16°30'N. It is also defined that the crustal density in the south side of the Central Basin is denser than that in the north side of the Central Basin.     

西太平洋弧后地区新生代构造迁移的深部地震证据

为了研究西太平洋弧后边缘海盆地的深部构造特征,于2015年在东海琉球岛弧弧后地区布设了一条穿过东海陆架盆地、钓鱼岛隆褶带、南冲绳海槽地区和琉球岛弧的主动源广角反射/折射深部地震剖面.利用走时正演和反演的方法得到的二维速度结构模型展现了西太平洋边缘弧后地区莫霍面的深度由东海陆架地区的大于30 km显著抬升至南冲绳海槽轴部的约16 km,地壳高度拉张减薄,并存在一系列显著的不连续下地壳高速体,速度达6.8~7.3 km/s,这是地幔上涌的显著表现.模型从深部结构角度展现了新生代以来西太平洋弧后盆地扩张中心的变迁,证实了西太平洋洋陆过渡带内深部上涌的软流圈在弧后拉张过程中不断地向洋跃迁,形成自西向东的构造迁移,并带动岩石圈进行幕式伸展,认为新生代向洋变新的构造迁移是太平洋俯冲带后撤引起的一系列弧后深-浅部地球动力效应.      

南海北部陆缘盆地形成的构造动力学背景

摘要：南海北部陆缘盆地处于印度板块与太平洋及菲律宾海板块之间,但三大板块对南海北部陆缘盆地的影响是不同的。通过对三大板块及古南海演化的研究,可知南海北部陆缘地区应力环境于晚白垩世发生改变。早白垩世处于挤压环境,晚白垩世以来转变为伸展环境并且不同时期的成因不同。晚白垩世-始新世,华南陆缘早期造山带的应力松弛、古南海向南俯冲及太平洋俯冲板块的滚动后退导致其处于张应力环境。始新世时南海北部陆缘裂陷盆地开始产生,伸展环境没有变,但因其是由太平洋板块向西俯冲速率的持续降低及古南海向南俯冲引起的,南海北部陆缘盆地继续裂陷。渐新世-早中新世,地幔物质向南运动及古南海向南俯冲导致南海北部陆缘地区处于持续的张应力环境;渐新世早期南海海底扩张;中中新世开始,三大板块开始共同影响着南海北部陆缘盆地的发展演化。     

南海中央海盆高精度地震勘探揭示的大陆漂移过程

南海的形成和演化得到了广泛研究,前人提出了超过5种成因模式,当前流行是海底扩张模式,但它难以合理解释南海洋壳上的洋中脊跳跃和南海中央海盆上的大陆残片。本文首先基于南海中央海盆中的两条高精度地震勘探剖面,在深入剖析洋壳的分层结构基础上,对这两条地震勘探剖面进行了新的构造地质解释。然后通过伸展构造的形成过程,发展了地幔上涌和陆壳重力滑移双驱动大陆漂移模型,最后深入研究了南海的形成和演化过程。结果说明,南海的形成是一种“构造挤出+主动漂移”模式。构造挤出是印度-欧亚大陆碰撞造成的欧亚东南缘微陆块大规模被动挤出,而主动漂移是微陆块在被挤出后发生了主动裂解漂移。南海中央海盆上残留的地震反射特征,是微陆块主动漂移后造成的海底被扩张现象。并进一步恢复了南海演化过程中周边陆块的运动演化历史。所提出的新模式能够合理解释南海的洋中脊跳跃现象及大陆残片的成因机制。新大陆漂移模型为板块运动提供了一个新的动力模式。