Paleomagnetic Polarity Research of Paleobiology Boundary (Bed 27) of Meishan, Changxing, Zhejiang Province

Ｗｅｃｏｌｅｃｔｅｄｏｒｉｅｎｔｅｄｍａｇｎｅｔｏｓｔｒａｔｉｇｒａｐｈｉｃｓａｍｐｌｅｓａｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｂｅｄ（Ｂｅｄ２７,ｌｉｍｅｓｔｏｎｅ）ｏｆＡａｎｄＤｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｓｎａｍｅｄｂｙＳｈｅｎｇｅｔａｌ．（１９８４）ｏｆＭｅｉｓｈａｎｓｅｃｔ...     

世界钻石之最

世界钻石之最黄镜友（湖南省地质矿产厅长沙４１００１１）关键词钻石，发现，商贸ＴｈｅＭｏｓｔＩｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｇＡｓｐｅｃｔｓｏｆＤｉａｍｏｎｄｉｎｔｈｅＷｏｒｌｄ￥ＨｕａｎｇＪｉｎｇｙｏｕ（ＨｕｎａｎＢｕｒｅａｕｏｆＧｅｏｏｇｉｃａｌＥｘｐｌｏｒａ...     

Complexity and Self-Organized Criticality of Solid Earth System(Ⅱ)

ＱＵＡＮＴＩＴＡＴＩＶＥＤＹＮＡＭＩＣＳＴＲＡＴＩＧＲＡＰＨＹ（ＱＤＳ）Ｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｐａｓｔｆｅｗｄｅｃａｄｅｓｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆｓｅｄｉ－ｍｅｎｔａｒｙｂａｓｉｎｓｗｅｒｅｃａｒｒｉｅｄｏｕｔａｌｏｎｇｄｉｆｅｒｅｎｔａ...     

专业技术人员的业务档案亟待完善管理

专业技术人员的业务档案亟待完善管理徐启平（湖南省地质研究所长沙４１０００７）ＭａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＡｒｃｈｉｖｅｓｏｆＳｃｉｎｔｉｆｉｃａｎｄＴｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌＰｅｒｓｏｎｎｅｌＤｏＲｅｑｕｉｒｅｓＰｅｒｆｅｃｔｉｎｇ￥ＸｕＱｉＰｉｎｇ（Ｈｕ...     

On Tectonogeomorphology of China

Ｏｎ　Ｔｅｃｔｏｎｏｇｅｏｍｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇｙ　ｏｆ　Ｃｈｉｎａ￥ＷａｎＴｉａｎｆｅｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＭｉｎｅｒａｌＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎａＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＧｅｏｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００８...     

Geometric and Dynamical Characteristics of Sequences in Yitong Graben

ＧｅｏｍｅｔｒｉｃａｎｄＤｙｎａｍｉｃａｌＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆＳｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓｉｎＹｉｔｏｎｇＧｒａｂｅｎ￥ＸｉｅＸｉｎｏｎｇ；ＳｕｎＹｏｎｇｃｈｕａｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｍｅｎｔｏｆＭｉｎｅｒａｌＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎａＵｎｉｖｅｒｓ...     

Petrogenesis of Eclogites in the Light of Punctuated Metamorphic Evolution in Dabie Terrane，China

Ｐｅｔｒｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓ　ｏｆ　Ｅｃｌｏｇｉｔｅｓ　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　Ｌｉｇｈｔ　ｏｆ　ＰｕｎｃｔｕａｔｅｄＭｅｔａｍｏｒｐｈｉｃ　Ｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ　ｉｎ　Ｄａｂｉｅ　Ｔｅｒｒａｎｅ，Ｃｈｉｎａ￥ＹｏｕＺｈｅｎｄｏｎｇ；ＨａｎＹｕｊｉｎｇ；ＺｈｏｎｇＺ...     

Two－Dimensional Model of Hydraulic Fracturing in Geosciences：Effects of Fluid Buoyancy

Ｔｗｏ－ＤｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌＭｏｄｅｌｏｆＨｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃＦｒａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇｉｎＧｅｏｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ：Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ　ｏｆ　Ｆｌｕｉｄ　ＢｕｏｙａｎｃｙＹｏｓｈｉｔｏＮａｋａｓｈｉｍａ；ＭｉｔｓｕｈｉｒｏＴｏｒｉｕｍｉ（ＧｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＩ...     

梅山铁矿地质灾害特征与防治对策

梅山铁矿地质灾害特征与防治对策张和应（上海梅山铁矿，南京，２１００４１）关键词：地质灾害，铁矿，水文地质环境，灾害防治，江苏梅山。ＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓａｎｄＣｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｆＧｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＤｉｓａｓｔｅｒｓｉｎＭｅｉｓｈａｎＩｒｏｎＭ...     

Geochemical Features of Ophiolite in Mianxian Lueyang Suture Zone，Qinling Orogenic Belt

ＧｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌＦｅａｔｕｒｅｓｏｆＯｐｈｉｏｌｉｔｅｉｎＭｉａｎｘｉａｎＬｕｅｙａｎｇＳｕｔｕｒｅＺｏｎｅ，ＱｉｎｌｉｎｇＯｒｏｇｅｎｉｃＢｅｌｔＬａｉＳｈａｏｃｏｎｇ；ＺｈａｎｇＧｕｏｗｅｉ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｌｏｇｙ，Ｎｏｒｔ...     

钛矿石物相的快速分析

钛矿石的主要矿物有金红石(TiO2),其次钛铁矿(FeO.TiO2)、榍石(CaO.TiO2.SiO2)和钛磁铁矿(FeTiO3.nFe2O3)。样品经碱熔融,过氧化氢比色测定总钛;利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定,氟化氢铵和盐酸溶解钛铁矿、钛磁铁矿、榍石和硅酸盐中的钛;湿法磁选、盐酸溶解钛磁铁矿中的钛;磁选后的残渣经800℃灼烧,氟化氢铵和盐酸溶解榍石和硅酸盐中的钛。方法对12个钛矿石样品进行了4种钛矿物物相分析,结果与实际地质成矿组分符合。     

硅酸盐岩石中硅的流动注射分析

本文研究了用流动注射-光度法测定硅酸盐岩石中硅的实验条件,建立了一个可靠的测定高含量硅的方法,精密度和准确度良好。对标准参考岩石样品分析结果与推荐值吻合。     

碳酸盐岩锶同位素比值测定中的残渣分析

通过对经HAc溶解后的碳酸盐样品的残渣进行分析，验证了碳酸盐岩中所合非碳酸盐组分的^87Sr／^86Sr同位素比值较高的事实，同时也论证了HCl溶解碳酸盐岩样品的不足，即造成非碳酸盐的溶解，从而导致^87Sr／^86Sr同位素比值质谱测定结果偏高。     

The automated photometric determination of vanadium in geological samples with 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol

Vanadium is determined in geological samples utilising the red complex formed between V⁵⁺ and 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol. The determination is performed with the Technicon Auto Analyzer. The method has been applied to the determination of the element in standard rock and mineral samples after fusion with sodium carbonate and magnesium oxide. Using this sensitive method, it is possible to determine as little as 1 p.p.m. vanadium in a 200-mg sample of silicate rock or mineral.     

X射线荧光光谱法分析地质样品的应用技巧

X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)具有制样简单、绿色环保、可同时测定多个元素等特点,被广泛应用于勘查地球化学分析领域中,其中粉末压片XRF是快速经济的主导方法。然而在大批量实际样品测试中,如果分析者选择测量条件不当或者校正标准曲线不合理,就会导致测量结果的粗大误差甚至测出不合逻辑的数据。本文对地质样品中的主要元素在测试中容易出现的技术问题作一具体分析:以钒元素为例,用实验说明探测器的选择对于测量结果的重要性,采用SC探测器可将V Kα线与Ti Kβ线分开,而采用SC+PC探测器两元素的谱线发生重叠;以硅酸盐中铁元素为例,描述了不同的回归标准曲线对测量结果的影响;对地质样品中低含量铌、钽的测定,标准曲线要根据实际情况合理回归,并将测试后的样品与化学方法对照,结果相符。同时提出了硅酸盐、碳酸盐等地质样品的测量问题。对于土壤、水系沉积物、岩石地质样品,一些元素之间会产生相互干扰,以常见的造岩元素钛为例,用实验证明铝和铁对钛的谱线确实有增强和吸收效应;对于常见的碳酸盐类样品,氯和铬的测量要考虑氧化钙的吸收增强效应,必须添加氧化钙作为其吸收增强校正项,才能保证测量结果可靠。针对硫元素的测定,除了受到硫赋存状态的影响,样品污染问题也是影响因素之一,需要避免空气、实验室环境以及分析过程中对样品的污染。本文针对一些典型元素XRF分析提出的具体测量方案,应用于实际地质样品测试可以获得满意的效果。     

二次熔矿方式电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定棕刚玉中硅铁钛钙镁锆

根据棕刚玉难熔的特点,采用二次熔矿方式对样品进行分解,经盐酸酸化的浸提液用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定硅、铁、钛、钙、镁、锆的含量。第一次加入硼酸-碳酸钠(质量比2∶1)熔矿,熔剂中大量硼酸的存在可以确保棕刚玉样品无需研磨而分解完全;但所得熔融物极难提取,通过提高熔剂中碳酸钠的比例后进行第二次熔矿,使熔融物酸化浸取变得快速简单。对硼酸-碳酸钠混合溶剂的比例、熔矿温度和时间、称样量和样品粒度等实验条件进行优化,分析结果表明方法检出限为0.0003%～0.0051%,精密度(RSD,n=11)为0.88%～4.78%。用标准物质验证,测定值与标准值相符;与国标法对比验证,测定结果相符。该方法样品分解充分,对样品的粒度适应范围宽,可满足生产控制快速检测的要求。     

Subduction metamorphism of serpentinite‐hosted carbonates beyond antigorite‐serpentinite dehydration (Nevado‐Filábride Complex,Spain)

At sub‐arc depths, the release of carbon from subducting slab lithologies is mostly controlled by fluid released by devolatilization reactions such as dehydration of antigorite (Atg‐) serpentinite to prograde peridotite. Here we investigate carbonate–silicate rocks hosted in Atg‐serpentinite and prograde chlorite (Chl‐) harzburgite in the Milagrosa and Almirez ultramafic massifs of the palaeo‐subducted Nevado‐Filábride Complex (NFC, Betic Cordillera, S. Spain). These massifs provide a unique opportunity to study the stability of carbonate during subduction metamorphism at P–T conditions before and after the dehydration of Atg‐serpentinite in a warm subduction setting. In the Milagrosa massif, carbonate–silicate rocks occur as lenses of Ti‐clinohumite–diopside–calcite marbles, diopside–dolomite marbles and antigorite–diopside–dolomite rocks hosted in clinopyroxene‐bearing Atg‐serpentinite. In Almirez, carbonate–silicate rocks are hosted in Chl‐harzburgite and show a high‐grade assemblage composed of olivine, Ti‐clinohumite, diopside, chlorite, dolomite, calcite, Cr‐bearing magnetite, pentlandite and rare aragonite inclusions. These NFC carbonate–silicate rocks have variable CaO and CO₂ contents at nearly constant Mg/Si ratio and high Ni and Cr contents, indicating that their protoliths were variable mixtures of serpentine and Ca‐carbonate (i.e., ophicarbonates). Thermodynamic modelling shows that the carbonate–silicate rocks attained peak metamorphic conditions similar to those of their host serpentinite (Milagrosa massif; 550–600°C and 1.0–1.4 GPa) and Chl‐harzburgite (Almirez massif; 1.7–1.9 GPa and 680°C). Microstructures, mineral chemistry and phase relations indicate that the hybrid carbonate–silicate bulk rock compositions formed before prograde metamorphism, likely during seawater hydrothermal alteration, and subsequently underwent subduction metamorphism. In the CaO–MgO–SiO₂ ternary, these processes resulted in a compositional variability of NFC serpentinite‐hosted carbonate–silicate rocks along the serpentine‐calcite mixing trend, similar to that observed in serpentinite‐hosted carbonate‐rocks in other palaeo‐subducted metamorphic terranes. Thermodynamic modelling using classical models of binary H₂O–CO₂ fluids shows that the compositional variability along this binary determines the temperature of the main devolatilization reactions, the fluid composition and the mineral assemblages of reaction products during prograde subduction metamorphism. Thermodynamic modelling considering electrolytic fluids reveals that H₂O and molecular CO₂ are the main fluid species and charged carbon‐bearing species occur only in minor amounts in equilibrium with carbonate–silicate rocks in warm subduction settings. Consequently, accounting for electrolytic fluids at these conditions slightly increases the solubility of carbon in the fluids compared with predictions by classical binary H₂O–CO₂ fluids, but does not affect the topology of phase relations in serpentinite‐hosted carbonate‐rocks. Phase relations, mineral composition and assemblages of Milagrosa and Almirez (meta)‐serpentinite‐hosted carbonate–silicate rocks are consistent with local equilibrium between an infiltrating fluid and the bulk rock composition and indicate a limited role of infiltration‐driven decarbonation. Our study shows natural evidence for the preservation of carbonates in serpentinite‐hosted carbonate–silicate rocks beyond the Atg‐serpentinite breakdown at sub‐arc depths, demonstrating that carbon can be recycled into the deep mantle.     

Accurate Measurement of Lithium Isotopes in Eleven Carbonate Reference Materials by MC‐ICP‐MS with Soft Extraction Mode and 1012 Ω Resistor High‐Gain Faraday Amplifiers

Lithium isotopes in carbonate rocks and minerals can serve as important tools for assessing palaeoclimates and palaeoenvironments. However, carbonate bulk rock samples are commonly mixtures of carbonate and silicate minerals, which require the complete digestion of the carbonate without digesting the silicate. Additionally, the low Li content (ng g^?1 level) in carbonates provides an additional challenge. Hence, despite their wide applications, few carbonates have had their δ⁷Li values characterised, particularly carbonate reference materials, which hinders comparisons of Li isotope measurement results obtained in different laboratories and the further application of Li isotopes in geological studies. This study aimed to provide precise and accurate δ⁷Li values for carbonate reference materials based on an evaluation of sample leaching and the Li purification method for carbonates, as well as the adoption of soft extraction and 10¹² Ω amplifiers to increase the intensity/blank ratio and matrix effect on Li isotope measurement. The precision and accuracy of the proposed procedure were verified by analysing synthetic carbonate samples and mono‐elemental Li solutions. With the developed method we provide δ⁷Li values for eleven carbonate reference materials with a precision of ~ 0.4‰. The accuracy of the δ⁷Li values was validated using the standard addition method.     

水泥基土壤固化剂固化土的物理化学作用

采用击实试验、液塑限联合测定界限含水率试验、蜡封法测定干密度试验、二氧化碳气量法、交换性钠离子百分比试验等方法,结合黏土矿物组成与结构特点,研究了水泥基土壤固化剂固化土的物理化学作用。试验结果表明：随着固化剂剂量的增加,混合料的最大干密度增大,最优含水率降低;固化土混合料经过养护后,塑性指数降低,干密度增大,碳酸盐含量增加,交换性钠离子百分比升高;黏土矿物在强碱性和钙离子作用下被激活,形成各种水化硅酸盐和铝酸盐。研究认为：在土-固化剂-水-气系统中通过液相和气相向固相的转变以及各类水化产物的填充、挤密、胶结等作用,混合料逐渐形成较致密的整体;离子交换反应对土体的加固作用在后期起负效应;铝硅酸盐黏土矿物在强碱性和钙离子存在条件下被分解,参与水化硅酸盐和铝酸盐的反应。     

火成碳酸岩的实验岩石学研究及对地球深部碳循环的意义

火成碳酸岩是地表出露较少的幔源岩石之一。实验岩石学研究表明碳酸盐化的橄榄岩和循环的地壳物质(如碳酸盐化榴辉岩或泥质岩)的低程度(<1%)部分熔融均可以产生碳酸岩质的熔体,其中碳酸盐化泥质岩具有最低的熔融温度且更加富碱质、CO2和不相容元素;富CO2的霞石质等硅酸盐岩浆也可以通过不混溶或分离结晶作用产生碳酸岩,用于解释碳酸岩在空间中常与碱性硅酸岩的共生关系。由于碳酸岩熔体具有极低的粘度和高的活性,形成后在上升过程中会将二辉橄榄岩转变为异剥橄榄岩,是引起地幔交代作用和地幔地球化学不均一性的重要介质之一。实验表明在俯冲作用过程中,大多数的碳酸盐在位于岛弧之下的含水熔融并不分解而是被带入到深部地幔并且稳定存在,含碳地幔的熔融又会形成碳酸岩质的熔体,这说明俯冲循环物质可能对碳酸岩的成因也起着重要的作用。然而,对于碳酸岩的初始熔体成分、岩浆演化、地幔交代作用、成矿特征以及碳从地球深部返回到地表的途径和过程等都存在着很大的争议。我国火成碳酸岩出露相对较多,分布广泛,因此,加强我国碳酸岩以及伴生硅酸岩的成因研究,同时开展与碳酸岩相关的实验岩石学工作,不仅可以检验现有的成因理论,而且有助于提高我国对火成碳酸岩的研究水平;由于其特殊的成因背景,还可为许多存在很大争议的重大地质事件提供新的科学依据。