黔西南,桂北地区微细浸染型金矿床砷,锑,汞,铊元素及矿物组合特征

本文结合野外地质调查和有关的低温硫化物相平衡实验结果，对黔西南、桂北地区的浅成低温热液浸染型金矿床与金共生的硫化物矿物组合、地球化学特征及其成矿作用机制进行了综合分析研究。研究表明，与金矿化共生的砷、锑、汞和铊等地球化学指示元素及其矿物组合不仅具有成生方面的联系，而且可以作为寻找金的一种特征的标型标志。     

湘西龙王江锑砷金矿床地质地球化学特征

龙王江锑砷金矿床具明显的层控特征,空间分布严格受构造控制,褪色蚀变带是矿床赋存的重要标志,矿化主要与毒砂化和硅化有关。原生晕综合异常是成矿作用的地球化学标志。矿石中的金、砷含量呈正相关,金和砷的相关系数近于1。毒砂可作为寻找锑砷金矿床的标型矿物,而砷则是其标型地球化学指示元素。成矿作用是在中低温(330—178℃)条件下进行的,硫同位素组成具变质还原硫特点。该矿属于与元古界浅变质岩有关的变质热液型金矿床。     

云南省者太地区金锑矿找矿预测-来自水系沉积物测量的证据

云南者太地区位于开远-丘北金成矿带东缘,该区及其周边已发现卡林型金矿和木利式锑矿床（点）20余处,具有良好的金、锑矿找矿前景。本文以1:5万水系沉积物测量19种元素含量数据为基础,统计分析了水系沉积物地球化学参数、元素相关性、成矿有利度系数等指标,总结了元素组合、富集贫化规律及其与地质背景、地质构造与成矿作用的关系。区内主要富集元素为Au、Sb、As、Bi、Cd,主要高分异元素为Au、Sb、As、Cd,且具有较高的成矿有利度系数。结果显示,Au元素异常严格受近东西向构造带、北西向构造带、北东向构造带,以及二叠系-三叠系不纯碳酸盐岩、硅质岩、细碎屑岩等因素控制;而Sb元素异常与近东西向构造带、台盆相沉积环境、泥盆系硅化灰岩（硅化碎屑岩等）有着密切联系。依据水系沉积物异常特征和成矿地质条件,圈定综合异常7处,划分出3个找矿远景区,指出了区内今后的找矿方向。     

国内外卡林型金矿对比研究

卡林型金矿是一种主要产于碳酸盐岩－碎悄岩建造中的微细粒浸染型金矿床，以储量大、品位低、金粒度极细为特点，主要分布于美国和中国，区域地质、成矿条件、控矿因素、矿化特征具有明显的可类比性。卡林型金矿区域成矿模式可概括为：金、汞、砷、锑等成矿元素大规模超常聚集，矿质运移－传输，矿床（矿体）的定位等三大系统（阶段）。文中亦对国内外卡林型金矿的成矿系列、成矿模式作对比研究。     

马超营断裂带地质及地球化学特征

根据对马超营断裂带系统进行的地质－地球化学剖面研究，探讨了该带断裂构造活动及其元素地球化学迁移富集规律与构造地球化学分异之间的关系，分析了蚀变，矿化与成矿的关系，认为早期面型蚀变伴有成矿元素的活化和迁移，但无矿化富集，后期带状蚀变伴有金的富集成矿且以硅化，绢云母化为主要标志，从而，为马超营断裂带这一重要的以金为主成矿带的进一步工作，研究、提供了地球化学方面的依据。     

黔西南微细浸染型金矿床金,砷共生分异机制初步研究

黔西南微细浸染型金矿床成矿热液中金可能主要以Ａｕ（ＨＳ）－２及ＡｕＳ－等迁移形式,砷则主要以Ｈ３ＡｓＯ０３形式迁移。随着成矿热液系统物理化学条件的改变,从成矿前阶段、热液主成矿阶段至晚成矿阶段,金、砷络合物在热液中的沉淀经历了共生、初始分离至分离的富集演化阶段。物理化学条件改变是导致金、砷共生分异的重要因素。     

湘西钨锑砷金矿床毒砂含金性的研究

笔者根据对湖南西部钨锑砷金矿床中金的主要富集者之一——毒砂含金性的研究,并参考有关资料,着重探讨了金赋存的地质特征。矿床主要地质特征在湘西金、锑、锑—金、钨—锑—金、锑—砷—金等矿床组合中,共生的硫砷化物毒砂都有相当程度的含金性。这类矿床的主要地质特征是: 1.成矿受地层层位和岩性控制本区钨锑     

粤北诸广整装勘查区城口矿床“三位一体”成矿特征及成矿模式

基于"三位一体"(成矿地质体、成矿构造与成矿结构面、成矿作用特征标志)找矿理论,结合年代学、岩石学、构造地质学、地球化学研究,综合分析并归纳粤北诸广整装勘查区城口矿床的成矿模式和控矿因素,认为城口矿床成矿地质体形成于145~160 Ma燕山早期(γ_5~2),为具有硅化、赤铁矿化的面状蚀变花岗岩体,且具高硅、富碱、贫镁、铝过饱和的岩石地球化学特征;矿化点和异常点主要分布在NEE-SWW向断裂构造上,位于断裂构造交会处;成矿作用标志以蚀变特征为主,具蚀变分带现象,矿化与硅化、绢云母化、赤铁矿化关系密切,矿体主要赋存于强硅化、强绢云母化、强赤铁矿化的蚀变带中。结合成矿U元素"源-动-储-变"特征,提出U元素活化、活化U运移、活化U沉淀、铀矿沉淀储藏4阶段成矿模式,明确城口地区矿床的成矿因素,供该地区铀矿地质勘查工作参考。     

中低温含硫、氯水溶液对地层中金、锑、汞、砷的淋滤实验研究

本文针对湘西低温矿化集中区的地质实际,在100-300℃,40MPa压力条件下,进行了含硫、氯中-低温溶液对地层岩石中金、锑、汞、砷等的多元素淋滤实验研究。实验结果表明,温度、配合物的种类和浓度是控制元素活化能力的重要因素。实验得出了Hg-Sb-Au-As的活化序列,认为200-250℃的富硫低氯热液是金、锑矿化的有利条件,低温低硫富氯热液有利于汞矿化。据实验结果并结合含矿建造及包裹体地球化学的综合研究,认为成矿流体性质的差异是控制湘西低温矿化集中区中金、锑、汞矿化分带的主要地球化学机制。     

有机质在大厂锑矿成矿中的作用

有机质在大厂锑矿成矿中的作用王华云，施继锡（贵州省地矿局地质科学研究所．贵阳５５０００４）（中国科学院地球化学研究所．贵阳５５０００２）关键词有机质，锑矿，成矿作用大厂锑矿是黔西南金、锑、汞矿带中的一个重要成矿单元。该矿带明显受盆地和盆缘构造演化的控...     

川西南大梁子铅锌矿床矿化蚀变分带规律与元素组合分带模型

川西南大梁子铅锌矿床是川滇黔地区震旦系灯影组碳酸盐岩赋矿的后生热液型铅锌矿床的代表之一。针对该矿床矿化蚀变分带规律不清的现状，基于矿区内1884 m、1944 m、2004 m、2064 m中段1∶200矿化-蚀变岩相学填图，精细解剖了蚀变类型、强度及蚀变岩组构，总结了矿化蚀变的强弱变化、矿物共生组合、元素组合及其空间分带特征，揭示了不同矿化蚀变带特征元素含量的变化规律，构建了从铅锌矿体中心向赋矿围岩的矿化蚀变空间分带模式:中等硅化+白云石化角砾状铅锌矿石相带（Ⅰ带）→中等硅化+白云石化网脉状铅锌矿化相带（Ⅱ带）→强硅化+白云石化+方解石化+细脉至星点状黄铁矿化相带（Ⅲ带）→方解石化+炭质+黄铁矿化相带（Ⅳ带）。基于成矿元素、特征元素组合及其元素比值的变化特征研究，矿化指示元素在不同蚀变带中依次具有Pb-Zn-Cd→Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu（Sb）→Ag-Cu-As-Sb→As-Sb的水平分带规律，总结了矿化指示元素的变化趋势。该研究对该矿床深部找矿勘查和同类矿床矿化蚀变分带研究具有启示意义。      

Investigating the spatial distribution of antimony geochemical anomalies located in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi region,China

The Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi region is well known for its abundant mineral resources, and low-temperature hydrothermal mineralization represented by the elemental association of gold, arsenic, antimony and mercury is widely developed there. Many studies on the geological-geochemical characteristics of gold have been conducted, but a comprehensive understanding of the antimony geochemical pattern is still lacking. This paper studied the Sb distribution characteristics and the cause of geochemical anomalies based on the geochemical data of stream sediments and rocks in the study area. In addition, the geochemical data of Au, As, Sb and Hg were centered and log-ratio transformed to eliminate the closure effect, and then random forest regression (RFR) with Au, As and Hg as the characteristic variables was used to investigate the ore-related geochemical anomalies of Sb. Seven geochemical provinces were delineated from the original geochemical data, and they are not entirely consistent with the known deposits. Sb moves from the rocks to the stream sediments during weathering. The variation trend in the Sb background values in stream sediments in each tectonic unit is consistent with that in the rocks themselves, implying that Sb in the stream sediments is inherited from the background rocks. The distributions of Sb predicted by RFR are similar to the distribution pattern of Sb in stream sediments. Of the three elements considered, the influence of As on the variations in the Sb geochemical background is the greatest, followed by Au and then Hg. The geochemical anomalies extracted by the residuals produced in this algorithm are consistent with where the known Sb metallogenic district is located, indicating that this method of recognizing geochemical anomalies is feasible and effective and has theoretical and practical significance.     

Study on the evolution of ore-formation fluids for Au-Sb ore deposits and the mechanism of Au-Sb paragenesis and differentiation in the southwestern part of Guizhou Province, China

Ore deposits (occurrences) of Au, As, Sb, Hg, etc. distributed in Southwest Guizhou constitute the important portion of the low-temperature metallogenic domain covering a large area in Southwest China, with the Carlin-type Au and Sb deposits being the most typical ones. In this paper the Au and Sb ore deposits are taken as the objects of study. Through the petrographic analysis, microthermomitric measurement and Raman spectrophic analysis of fluid inclusions in gangue minerals and research on the S and C isotopic compositions in the gold ore deposits we can reveal the sources of ore-forming materials and ore-forming fluids and the rules of ore fluid evolution. Ore deposits of Au, Sb, etc. are regionally classified as the products of ore fluid evolution, and their ore-forming materials and ore fluids were probably derived mainly from the deep interior of the Earth. Fluid inclusion studies have shown that the temperatures of Au mineralization are within the range of 170-361℃,the salinities are 0.35 wt%-8 wt% NaCl eq.; the temperatures of Sb mineralization are 129.4-214℃ and the salinities are 0.18 wt%- 3.23 wt% NaCl eq.; the ore-forming fluid temperatures and salinities tend to decrease progressively. In the early stage (Au metallogenic stage) the ore-forming fluids contained large amounts of volatile components such as CO2, CH4, N2 and H2S, belonging to the H2O-CO2-NaCl fluid system; in the late stage (Sb metallogenic stage) the ore-forming fluids belong to the Sb-bearing H2O-NaCl system. The primitive ore-forming fluids may have experienced at least two processes of immiscibility: (1) when early ore-bearing hydrothermal solutions passed through rock strata of larger porosity or fault broken zones, CO2, CH4, N2 would escape from them, followed by the release of pressure, resulting in pressure release and boiling of primitive homogenous fluids, thereafter giving rise to their phase separation, thus leading to Au unloading and mineralization; and (2) in the late stage (Sb metallogenic stage ) a large volume of meteoric water was involved in the ore-forming fluids, leading to fluid boiling as a result of their encounter, followed by the drop of fluid temperature. As a result, the dissolubility of Sb decreased so greatly that Sb was enriched and precipitated as ores. Due to differences in physic-chemical conditions between Au and Sb precipitates, Au and Sb were respectively precipitated in different structural positions, thus creating such a phenomenon of Au/Sb paragenesis and differentiation in space.     

老挝爬奔金矿围岩蚀变地球化学特征及其与成矿关系

爬奔金矿围岩蚀变主要有碳酸盐化、硅化、菱铁矿化。通过对各类蚀变岩进行元素地球化学特征及成矿关系分析,发现Au与Si、Fe、As、Sb、Hg呈强正相关关系,与Zn、W、Ag、Cu、Mg呈弱正相关关系,与Ca呈负相关关系。在金矿成矿过程中,碳酸盐化一方面有利于大量菱铁矿化蚀变的形成,另一方面可为金提供赋存空间;硅化、"红化"(褐铁矿化、菱铁矿化)蚀变改变成矿环境,使含矿流体酸度增大、氧逸度减小,有利于金的沉淀。     

贵州滥木厂金汞铊矿床地质地球化学特征及其地质意义北大核心CSCD

黔西南滥木厂矿床是世界上罕见的汞(大型)-铊(大型)-金(小型)多金属矿床,具有独特的成矿元素分带现象。本文通过系统研究滥木厂矿床金、汞-铊、汞、铊矿石及围岩样品的主量、微量及稀土元素地球化学特征,对比分析不同类型矿化的成矿环境,以探讨成矿元素共生分离机制。研究表明,相对于滥木厂矿床的围岩样品,同岩性的各类矿化岩石的SiO_(2)含量显著增加,CaO和MgO含量之和明显降低,表明成矿过程中伴随广泛的硅化和去碳酸盐化作用,K_(2)O-Al_(2)O_(3)投图表明区内存在显著的高岭石化作用。各类矿石与围岩均显示Au、As、Sb、Hg、T1和轻稀土富集特征,且具有相似的稀土配分模式;但成矿元素分布于不同的特征因子中,并表现出富集程度的差异,表明成矿物质继承了原岩的部分地球化学特征,在成矿过程中发生了分离。Y/Ho比值在金矿石中普遍高于28,在其它矿化类型岩石中均低于28,反映金成矿热液富含氟络合物,汞和铊成矿热液以碳酸氢根的络合物为主。各类矿石通常具有Ce正异常,铊、汞-铊和金矿石普遍显示Eu正异常,汞矿石呈现轻微的Eu负异常,表明成矿环境处于相对氧化的状态,并具氧化还原波动性。综合元素地球化学特征与收集的碳、氢、氧、硫、铅同位素成果,认为滥木厂矿床金、汞、铊矿化的成矿物质及成矿流体具有多源性,各类矿化在温度、氧逸度、酸碱性及配合物类型等方面的差异可能是成矿元素产生分异的重要原因。     

湖南符竹溪金矿床多因复成模式及其找矿意义

符竹溪金矿床的形成,历经长期多阶段成矿演化,具有典型的多因复成模式特征,既具多阶段多来源多成因复合叠加成矿特点,又有主阶段主来源主成因成矿特色。主成矿作用为中低温热液成因,成矿热液和驱动力是中生代地洼阶段构造-岩浆活化作用,与脆-韧性剪切带及花岗斑岩的活动有密切时空联系,从而得出四阶段多因复成的成矿模式。据此成矿模式找矿和成矿预测,获得显著的找矿效果。在矿区深部,边部和外围找到了新矿体,扩大了矿床规模,解除了矿山资源危机。     

五台山—恒山绿岩带Au-Ag-Cu成矿作用地球化学特征

五台山—恒山绿岩带Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｃｕ矿床可分为二大类型：（１）再生型金银铜矿，产在包括岩浆岩在内的各类岩石断裂构造中，与岩浆期后热液有关；（２）变生型金银铜矿，产于各类变质岩中，具有层控特征（即绿岩型金矿）。在地球化学特征上，再生型矿床与变生型矿床相比，矿体及围岩中Ｍｏ、Ａｇ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ等成矿及伴生元素明显富集；Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｒｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ、Ｔｈ、Ｕ也明显富集，是后期岩浆热液作用的结果；Ｈｇ、Ｆ的明显富集则与后期构造活动有关；Ｚｎ／Ｃｄ比值较低，说明受到后期岩浆侵入影响；Ｔｈ／Ｕ比值低，可能指示富钙的酸性岩环境。再生型Ａｕ矿化的元素组合为Ｃｄ、Ａｓ、Ｎｉ、Ａｇ、Ｓｂ、Ａｕ、Ｈｇ（Ｂｉ），再生型Ａｇ矿化的元素组合为Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ａｇ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ（Ｍｏ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｂｉ），变生型Ａｕ矿化的元素组合较简单，只为Ａｕ、Ｈｇ、Ａｓ或Ａｕ、Ｃｕ。上述地球化学特征不仅可以有效地区分矿化类型，而且可以作为地球化学找矿和评价的指标     

新疆查汗沙拉-地那达坂地区锑矿成矿条件初探

南天山查汗沙拉-地那达坂锑矿化区为中亚南天山成矿带的东延部分.区内广泛分布有泥盆系滨浅海含碳碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩.岩石具有较高的Sb背景场.异常多呈Sb、Au、As、Hg等元素组合异常出现.异常区内已发现查汗沙拉、地那达坂锑矿床(点).区内锑矿化及异常均受近NW向大型逆冲推覆构造系统控制,具有很大找矿潜力.     

Migration paths and precipitation mechanisms of ore-forming fluids at the Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit,Guizhou, China

Shuiyindong is one of the largest and highest grade stratabound Carlin-type gold deposits in China. This paper reports on the results of petrographic studies, electron microprobe analyses (EMPA) of arsenian pyrite, and the mass transfer during mineralization and alteration, and it presents the deposit-scale distributions of Au, As, Sb, Hg, Tl, and trace elements in a representative cross section across the Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit, Guizhou Province. The main objectives were to identify the precipitation mechanisms of minerals, or elements from fluids, and the migration paths of ore-forming fluids.Petrographic and EMPA studies indicate that gold in the primary ores is mainly hosted by arsenian pyrite. Mass transfer associated with alteration and mineralization shows that Au, As, Sb, Hg, Tl, and S were significantly added to all mineralized rocks, Fe₂O₃ and SiO₂ were immobile in the main orebodies that are hosted in bioclastic limestone, and CaO, Na₂O, Sr, and Li were removed from country rocks. The relations between Fe and S indicate that the sedimentary rocks at the Shuiyindong deposit contain more iron than is needed to combine with all of their contained sulfur to form pyrite. This suggests that sulfidation and decarbonation were the principal mechanism of gold precipitation at the Shuiyindong deposit. Hg, Sb, and As commonly formed sulfide minerals, such as stibnite, realgar, and orpiment, in late-stage quartz–calcite veins, or absorbed by organic matter in argillite. Fluid cooling presumably led to depositions of stibnite, realgar, and orpiment in late-stage quartz–calcite veins. Organic matter likely served as a reductant in argillite for the ore fluids, causing the precipitation of As, Sb, Hg, and S, as well as Au.Deposit-scale distributions of gold and other relevant elements reflect the passage of fluids through the rocks. Rock strata and structures allowed the ore-forming fluids to migrate horizontally along the unconformity surface of the Middle–Upper Permian, converge on the high position of an anticline, and then ascend into the overlying strata along the anticlinal axis. The distributions of the major and trace elements show that elements that accompanied the ore-forming fluids include Au, As, Sb, Hg, Tl, and S, and that Na₂O and Li were exhausted in the Longtan Formation at the anticlinal core during gold mineralization. The enrichment of Co, Cr, and Ni in the Longtan Formation at the anticlinal core might be associated with deformation that formed the anticline, or with gold mineralization. Different host rocks were preferentially mineralized by different elements. The bioclastic limestone is commonly enriched in Au, whereas the argillite is preferentially enriched in As, Hg, Sb, and Tl. The zonation of ore-forming elements in the deposit appears to be Sb–Tl–As–Hg–Au–Hg–As (from bottom to top). Enrichment of Au, As, Sb, Hg, and Tl provides useful guidance for the exploration for Carlin-type gold deposits in Guizhou. Anomalies of As and Hg in soil or stream sediment might be an important clue and these elements can be used as indicator elements. Ore-forming fluids migrated along the unconformity surface of the Middle–Upper Permian and the anticlinal axis, so these are favorable sites for exploration for Carlin-type gold deposits in Guizhou.     

西藏浪卡子县也金嘎波金矿岩石地球化学特征

也金嘎波金矿位于冈底斯成矿带上,是对区域化探发现的Au、As多元素组合异常进行追踪发现的,属于热液型金矿床。矿区各类岩石Au、As、Sb、W、Hg、Ag、Bi、Pb元素平均值高于中国丰度值数倍以上,表明矿区具有丰富的物质来源基础。岩石地球化学研究证明,矿床地表发育Au、As、Sb等10多个元素组合异常。其中Au是成矿指示元素,As、Sb、W是密切伴生元素,Bi、Ag、Pb、Hg是一般的伴生元素。多元素组合异常浓度带发育,浓集中心互相套合叠置部位指示金矿(化)体位置。矿体指示元素(Au、As、Sb、W、Hg、Bi、Ag、Pb)异常分布在岩体、地层接触带和构造交汇处,显示金矿与岩浆活动、热液作用和断裂构造相关,属多次构造作用、岩浆热液叠加富集而成。该金矿床处在冈底斯成矿带内,此研究对该成矿带金异常的识别和查证,寻找新的金矿具有借鉴意义。