辉石族宝石矿物

辉石族矿物属硅酸盐单链结构;是重要的造岩矿物。由于阳离子的不同而晶体结构不同,有斜方和单斜晶系两个辉石亚族。辉石族中的宝石矿物:斜方辉石亚族中有顽火辉石、古铜辉石、紫苏辉石(及其变种富铁紫苏辉石);单斜辉石亚族中有透浑石(及其变种青透辉石、钙铁辉石、铬透辉石、异剥石、绿异剥石)、锂辉石(及其变种紫锂辉石和翠绿锂辉     

福建马坑铁（钼）矿床矽卡岩矿物学特征及分带研究

马坑大型铁(钼)矿赋存于莒舟-大洋花岗岩体外接触带黄龙组(C2h)灰岩和林地组(C1l)碎屑岩层间构造破碎带中,铁矿与矽卡岩密切共生,但矿床成因尚存在争议。本文就马坑铁矿矽卡岩进行了矿物学特征研究。电子探针分析结果表明:该矿矽卡岩矿物组合主要为辉石、石榴子石和钙蔷薇辉石,退化蚀变岩矿物组合为角闪石、绿帘石、绿泥石、石英等。单斜辉石以透辉石和钙铁辉石为主,仅存在少量锰钙辉石;似辉石为钙蔷薇辉石和蔷薇辉石;石榴子石端元成分以钙铁榴石为主,钙铝榴石少量;角闪石属于钙角闪石,矿物学特征表明它们形成于相对较氧化的条件下。马坑铁矿的矽卡岩是由热流体沿灰岩与碎屑岩之间层间构造破碎带交代形成的,铁矿石大部分产于矽卡岩内,磁铁矿多稍晚于矽卡岩,不仅广泛交代矽卡岩,而且还直接交代灰岩、砂岩等围岩,呈交代结构;主矿体下盘常出现厚层石英岩,碎屑岩也出现了明显的交代,矽卡岩分带现象普遍,与典型矽卡岩矿床特征一致。结合矿床地质特征,马坑铁矿矿床类型应为层控矽卡岩型矿床。     

我国夕卡岩矿床中的辉石和似辉石特征及其与金属矿化的关系

根据我国３７个夕卡岩矿床中辉石和似辉石的成分和共生矿物特征等的综合研究分析，指出不同金属矿化夕卡岩中的辉石、似辉石类型和成分特征各不相同，因而作为鉴别夕卡岩含矿性的翻来覆去矿的地球化学标志，岩浆期镁夕卡岩中的辉石为铝透辉石，可伴生磁铁矿化；岩浆期后镁夕卡岩中的为较纯的透辉石，可能伴生Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｏ、Ｓｎ、Ａｕ等矿化；钙夕卡岩中的辉石主要为透辉石，而似辉石成分多为硅灰石，随着辉石中钙铁辉石和钙鳃辉     

陕西商县蔷薇辉石玉石矿床地质、工艺性质及成因

陕西商县蔷薇辉石(粉翠)矿床是陕西省首次发现并评价的玉石矿床。蔷薇辉石产于宽坪群四岔口组中段下部二云石英片岩所夹的含锰石英白云石大理岩、含锰石英岩等含锰岩中。矿体既成层分布又相对集中。粉翠玉料质优且加工工艺性能良好。蔷薇辉石矿床的形成主要经历了沉积期和区域变质期两大阶段。成因类型属变质岩型低温变质相蔷薇辉石矿床。     

钙铁辉石变化特征的实验研究

我们曾用个旧的钙铁辉石在不同温压条件下进行了几组实验,现将部分实验结果整理予以报导。借此机会特向张宝贵、汪志芬、陈国玺、王冠鑫、张月明等同志给予的热情帮助表示衷心感谢。     

滇西卓潘-六合碱性岩的辉石成分及其岩石化学特征

卓潘、六合碱性岩体地属哀牢山-金沙江碱性岩带，由碱性辉长岩、正长岩和正长斑岩组成，岩石学分析表明，二者均属钾质碱性系列的岩石，具有富碱、高钾、高Ca及高K2O／Na2O的特征。岩石中赋存的辉石是透辉石和钙铁辉石，属钙质辉石，为非碱性暗色矿物。钙质辉石的出现与碱性岩的化学成分密切相关，正是由于岩石中高含量Ca的存在，导致了钙质辉石的产生。     

滇西镇康芦子园铅锌多金属矿床中蔷薇辉石的发现及找矿意义

滇西镇康芦子园矿床是保山一镇康地块上近年来新发现的超大型铅锌多金属矿床。野外地质调查发现,蔷薇辉石呈团块状、脉状出现于距地表近200m处,往深部数量增多,结晶颗粒变粗。铅锌矿与蔷薇辉石在空间上关系密切。蔷薇辉石越发育矿石品位愈高、厚度愈大。已有研究在成矿物质和成矿流体来源方面的认识存在分歧,矿床成因争议较大,从而影响成矿模式的建立和确定未来找矿方向。本文就对该矿床的成因具有重要指示意义的蔷薇辉石进行了专门报道。将对认识矿床成因和指导矿区深部找矿具有重要意义。     

辉石晶体结构的微变化及晶体结构微变化的特征离子坐标表示法

本文用离子坐标变化的术语讨论了辉石晶体结构的微变化。讨论了结构中的O3′-O3—O3″角与y_(o3-o3′)数值的关系,y_(M_2-o3′),与y_(M_2-o3)的关系,Z_(o3′-M_2)与Z_(M_2-o3)的关系,Z_(o3)与y_(o3)的关系等。根据这些变化特点,总结出某些微变化的规律性     

接触交代夕卡岩型矿床中石榴子石和辉石成分特点及其与矿化的关系

本文对中国十四个接触交代钙夕卡岩矿床和钙-镁夕卡岩矿床中的三百多个样品的石榴子石和辉石成分进行了电子探针分析。不同矿床类型的石榴子石和辉石成分代表着钙夕卡岩矿床的十个矿种(Fe、Fe-Cu、Pb-Zn、W、Sn、Sn-Mo-Bi-W、、W-Bi-Cu-Mo、Cu-Zn、Cu-Sn、W-Zn-Cu)和钙-镁夕卡岩矿床的三个矿种(Fe-Cu、Mo、Pb-Zn)。石榴子石和辉石成分变化范围大,大多数石榴子石是含锰铝榴石+铁铝榴石+镁铝榴石小于15％(摩尔百分数)的钙铝榴石-钙铁榴石固溶体;大多数辉石是含小于5％的锰钙辉石的透辉石-钙铁辉石固溶体。有些Pb-Zn钙-镁夕卡岩矿床中的辉石显示出Mn含量有所增加。只有Sn和W钙夕卡岩矿床及Pb-Zn钙-镁夕卡岩矿床含(Sps+Alm+Pyr)总量大于15％的石榴子石。石榴子石和辉石成分与夕卡岩矿床金属矿化类型之间有某些联系。     

非理想热力学混合作用对固溶体矿物热容的影响——以斜方顽火辉石-正铁辉石固溶体为例

斜方顽火辉石-正铁辉石(MgSiO_3-FeSiO_3)中Fe~(2+)及Mg~(2+)在M_1和M_2两种非等效位置上进行非理想混合。研究表明,辉石的等压热容(C_p)强烈依赖于组成,呈非线性关系,可表示为: 低温时热容的非理想混合效应显著,随着温度的升高,等温热容曲线(空间热容曲面)从一个极大值点(峰脊)分解为两个极大值点(峰脊),且逐渐趋向于理想混合热容直线(或平面)。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of pyroxenoids in the system MnSiO3-CaSiO3 at Pf=2 kb

Pyroxenoids on the join MnSiO₃-CaSiO₃ were synthesized from (Mn, Ca)-carbonate solid solutions and SiO₂ in CO₂-H₂O mixtures at a total pressure of 2 kb. The type of structure found (pyroxmangite, rhodonite, bustamite or wollastonite) is mainly dependent on the Mn/Ca ratio, but also to a lesser extent on temperature. Johannsenite-type structures were encountered at low temperatures over a wide compositional range. It has been possible to convert the pyroxenoids pyroxmangite → rhodonite, rhodonite → bustamite, bustamite → wollastonite, and johannsenite → bustamite or wollastonite with increase of temperature, but not the reverse. The compositional ranges of the synthetic pyroxenoids are very similar to those found in natural pyroxenoids.     

The experimental determination of the johannsenite-bustamite equilibrium inversion boundary

The CaMnSi₂O₆ clinopyroxene, johannsenite, inverts to bustamite at elevated temperatures. The inversion boundary has been reversibly determined at five pressures up to 22 kbar, using synthetic phases, and shown to have the equation; P(kbar)=0.0411T(°C)–10.7The determination allows the calculation of the enthalpies and free energies of formation for both clinopyroxene and bustamite of CaMnSi₂O₆ composition, and these are compared with data available for the CaFeSi₂O₆ composition which shows analagous inversion behaviour. Johannsenite appears to be of comparable stability to hedenbergite at STP, but at elevated temperatures hedenbergite may be stabilised by crystal field effects associated with the Fe²⁺ ion. Together with the stabilisation of the bustamite structure by manganese, this accounts for the low inversion temperature of johannsenite compared to that for hedenbergite.     

A mechanism for pyroxene-pyroxenoid and pyroxenoid-pyroxenoid transformations

A mechanism for the solid state replacement of clinopyroxene by pyroxenoids has been derived from consideration of the crystal structures. The mechanism involves the propagation of partial dislocations, with Burgers vectors of 1/4 \([2\bar 3\bar 1]\) , through the clinopyroxene matrix to generate a resultant shear; the passage of one dislocation gives rise to a single chain-repeat unit of wollastonite in each silicate chain. Pyroxenoids may thus be formed from clinopyroxene by the periodic introduction of these dislocations on parallel slip-planes, and pyroxenoid to pyroxenoid inversions may proceed by the introduction and removal of such shears by the propagation of the correct combination of partial dislocations. The Burgers vectors for these dislocations in each of the pyroxenoid mineral structures has been calculated. A two step mechanism is proposed for clinopyroxene to bustamite, and pyroxenoid to bustamite inversions, which utilises the same shear as above which generates a wollastonite structure. The second step is a shear of 1/2[001] on the plane \((1\bar 10)\) of this wollastonite intermediate, to give a bustamite structure.     

CaMnSi2O6-CaAlSiAlO6系统的实验研究

冶金炉渣是在迅速冷却的条件下结晶的,铸石是在熔体的固相线以下恒温结晶的,这两种情况皆属不平衡状态。过去的硅酸盐体系的实验研究几乎仅局限于平衡状态,对非平衡状态研究甚少,只是近来才开始这方面的研究。在硅锰渣铸石和硅锰渣微晶铸石中,主要矿物为锰铸普通辉石--钙锰辉石与钙契尔马克分子（CaAlSiAlO₆）以及少量的Mg₂Si₂O₆的固溶体,其次是钙蔷薇辉石和钙长石,另外还有极少量的方锰石、硫化锰等。     

Long-term earthquake prediction in the North Pacific seismic zone based on the time and magnitude predictable model

Earthquake recurrence intervals for large and great shallow mainshocks in 12 seismogenic sources along the North Pacific seismic zone (Alaska-Aleutians-Kamchatka-Kuril Islands) have been estimated and used for the determination of the following relations:

寿山叶蜡石矿床中叶蜡石的多型及其转变

叶蜡石具有1Tc和2M_1两种多型。寿山叶蜡石矿床中的叶蜡石不但具有普遍报道的2M_1型及1Tc与2M_1的混合型,而且具有同类矿床中少见的、但在本区却大量出现的1Tc型。本文对寿山叶蜡石多型变体的X射线衍射特征、镜下特征及化学成分特征作了写实性描述,指出本区叶蜡石存在着2M_1型向1Tc型转变的客观事实,并可能存在二者的中间类型;探讨了叶蜡石多型转变的条件,提出“表生溶液”是实现该转变的主要因素。     

The miscibility gap between rhodonite and bustamite along the join MnSiO3-Ca0.60Mn0.40SiO3

The miscibility gap between rhodonite and bustamite has been experimentally determined at temperatures between 600° and 1,100° C. For temperatures below 700° C the resulting limbs have been extrapolated on T-X-diagram as at such low temperatures equilibrium could not be attained. According to microprobe analyses for the natural assemblages of Ravinella di Sotto (Ivrea zone, Italy) and Broken Hill (N.S.W., Australia) equilibrium temperatures are estimated to be at 500° to 550° C. However these assemblages are thought to have re-equilibrated during cooling and the compositions of equilibrium assemblages are also pressure dependent. According to experiments and to molar volume data the rhodonite structure is stabilized by high pressures whereas bustamite by high temperatures. Based on available experimental results and natural data an isobaric T-X _Ca diagram and two isotherm -X _Ca diagrams (for T=400° C and T=600° C) are given.     

沂水杂岩中变泥砂质岩石的岩石化学特征及年代

含夕线石十字石榴二云斜长片麻岩是沂水杂岩中首次发现的一种少见的变泥砂质岩石,包裹于沂水生心官庄岩浆杂岩体中,为残留的变质表壳岩透镜体,它经历了两期变质作用的改造.早期高角闪岩相变质与区域麻粒岩相变质有关,峰期矿物共生组合主要为:石榴子石(中心域)+黑云母±白云母+斜长石+石英,M1峰期变质温压条件为:T=660±10℃,P=5.7±0.3kb;晚期角闪岩相变质矿物共生组合为:十字石+石榴子石(边部域)+黑云母±白云母+斜长石±夕线石+石英,以形成大量自形-半自形十字石和具有明显的成分环带的石榴子石为特征,晚期石榴子石的形成由核部→边部经历了一降温降压过程,石榴子石核部:T=650±10℃,P=7.7±0.5Kb,石榴子石边部:T=578±10℃,P=4.7±0.1kb;晚期变质作用早期(石榴子石成核)阶段与埋深导致的部分熔融有关,晚期石榴子石生长阶段与岩浆热事件有关.锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果表明:碎屑锆石不一致线上交点年龄为2695±32Ma,代表变泥砂质岩石源区岩浆岩的结晶年龄,变泥砂质岩石的早期变质变质作用年龄小于此值;晚期变质作用年龄为2537±5Ma.     

A High-Temperature Impact Condensate of the Lonar Crater (India)

Doklady Earth Sciences - A high-calcium high-temperature condensate is detected in the Earth’s impact Lonar crater for the first time. Its finding confirms in practice the theoretical...