内蒙古兴和县曹四夭超大型斑岩钼矿床流体包裹体和氢-氧同位素研究

曹四夭钼矿床位于内蒙古兴和县,是近年来在华北克拉通北缘发现的一个超大型斑岩钼矿床。矿体主要赋存于中生代花岗斑岩与中太古界集宁群变质岩接触带靠近变质岩一侧,成矿与晚侏罗世正长花岗斑岩密切相关。该矿床的成矿过程可以划分为3个阶段:石英-辉钼矿阶段、石英-辉钼矿-黄铁矿阶段、石英-方解石-黄铁矿阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,曹四夭钼矿床主要发育富液包裹体(WL型)、富气包裹体(WG型)、H2O-CO2包裹体(C型)和含子矿物包裹体(S型)。正长花岗斑岩的石英斑晶内发育WL型、WG型、C型和S型包裹体,其均一温度介于385~550℃,w(Na Cleq)介于8.0%~65.0%,属H2O-Na Cl-CO2-CH4体系;石英-辉钼矿阶段的石英内亦发育WL型、WG型、C型和S型包裹体,其均一温度介于243~401℃,w(Na Cleq)介于6.0%~40.7%,属H2O-Na Cl-CO2±CH4体系;石英-辉钼矿-黄铁矿阶段的石英内主要发育WL型和S型包裹体,亦有少量WG型和C型包裹体,其均一温度介于208~336℃,w(Na Cleq)介于1.2%~34.1%,属H2O-Na Cl±CO2体系;石英-方解石-黄铁矿阶段的石英内仅发育WL型包裹体,其均一温度为124~196℃,w(Na Cleq)介于3.9%~13.2%,属H2O-Na Cl体系。曹四夭钼矿床石英-辉钼矿阶段和石英-辉钼矿-黄铁矿阶段成矿热液的δ18O水值介于4.1‰~7.5‰,δDV-SMOW值为-96.0‰~-76.9‰;石英-方解石-黄铁矿阶段成矿热液的δ18O水值介于-2.9‰~-0.5‰,δDV-SMOW值介于-112.2‰~-77.7‰。表明钼成矿阶段的流体主要来自岩浆水,而石英-方解石-黄铁矿阶段有明显的大气降水注入。石英-辉钼矿阶段和石英-辉钼矿-黄铁矿阶段的流体均为不混溶流体,流体的多次沸腾和氧逸度的降低是矿质沉淀的2种主要机制。     

Cassiterite U-Pb age,fluid inclusion and H-O-S-Pb isotope geochemistry of the Xiaogushan Sn-Zn deposit in the southern Great Xing'an Range,NE ChinaSCIEI北大核心CSCD

毛登-小孤山地区是大兴安岭南段锡多金属成矿带代表性矿区,由小孤山锡锌矿床和毛登锡钼铋多金属矿床组成。小孤山矿床锡石U-Pb Tera-Wasserburg谐和年龄为134.8±1.9Ma,表明其形成于早白垩世。该矿床成矿过程可划分为4个阶段:锡石-黄铁矿-石英-电气石阶段(Ⅰ阶段)、锡石-黄铜矿-闪锌矿-石英-萤石阶段(Ⅱ阶段)、闪锌矿-方铅矿-石英-萤石阶段(Ⅲ阶段)、黄铁矿-石英-方解石阶段(Ⅳ阶段)。小孤山矿床主要发育富液两相包裹体(WL型)、富气两相包裹体(WG型)及含子矿物包裹体(S型)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ阶段均发育WL、WG和S型包裹体,Ⅳ阶段仅出现WL型包裹体。从Ⅰ至Ⅳ阶段流体包裹体均一温度/盐度分别为420-443℃/8.3%-52.0%NaCleqv、286-379℃/4.0%-40.2%NaCleqv、214-299℃/3.8%-36.1%NaCleqv、178-195℃/2.1%-3.3%NaCleqv,表明从早阶段到晚阶段成矿流体由高温高盐度向低温低盐度转化,且前三个阶段流体盐度波动大,暗示成矿流体发生了多次沸腾。矿床的δ18O水介于-2.6‰-11.0‰,δD介于-107‰--91‰,Ⅰ和Ⅱ阶段的成矿流体以岩浆水为主,Ⅲ阶段开始有大气降水的加入。硫化物的δ34SCDT值介于-3.3‰--0.6‰,206Pb/204Pb介于17.772-18.427,207Pb/204Pb介于15.482-15.679,208Pb/204Pb介于37.668-38.622,表明成矿物质来源于早白垩世花岗质岩浆。流体沸腾和降温是矿质沉淀的两种主要机制。     

胶东邢家山矽卡岩型钼矿床成矿流体与成矿机制

邢家山矿床是胶东地区发现的大型矽卡岩型钼多金属矿床。通过野外调研,将成矿过程划分为四个阶段:早矽卡岩阶段、晚矽卡岩阶段、石英硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段。对不同阶段流体包裹体研究表明,存在液体包裹体(L)、气体包裹体(V)和含子矿物包裹体(S)三类。激光拉曼探针显示流体的气体分类型为H_2O-H_2S,早和晚矽卡岩阶段均一温度集中在375～450℃,盐度存在14%～15%NaCleqv和大于30%NaCleqv两个端元;石英-硫化物阶段均一温度集中在260～340℃,盐度存在8%～12%NaCleqv和大于50%NaCleqv两个端元;石英-碳酸盐阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中在170～200℃,盐度小于10%NaCleqv。该矿床成矿流体具有高温高盐度的特征,且富含H_2S等还原性气体,从矽卡岩阶段到碳酸盐阶段成矿温度和盐度总体有降低的趋势。邢家山钼矿δ~(18) O_(H_2O)值为0.04‰～8.18‰,δ~(13) C_(V-PDB)值为-3. 35‰～-0.73‰,δ~(18) O_(V-SMOW)值为5. 93‰～8. 42‰,δ~(34)S值为6.5～10. 8‰。邢家山矿床成矿流体主要来源于岩浆,后期有大气降水的加入,流体沸腾是成矿的主要机制。     

豫西双河金矿流体包裹体及稳定同位素研究

双河金矿床位于华北克拉通南缘的卢氏金多金属矿集区,为一石英脉型金矿;矿体呈脉状产于中元古代宽坪群石英二云母片岩切层断裂中;金主要产在黄铁矿和多金属硫化物石英/铁白云石脉中。以含金石英矿脉为中心由内到外围岩蚀变主要发育硅化、黄铁矿化及碳酸盐化。流体成矿过程包括早、中、晚3个阶段,分别以无矿白石英、石英-黄铁矿-多金属硫化物-铁白云石组合和石英-方解石组合为标志,矿石矿物主要沉淀于中阶段。双河金矿流体包裹体类型丰富,不同成矿阶段的流体包裹体主要有H_2O-CO_2包裹体、H_2O包裹体、含子晶(NaCl、CaCO_3)包裹体和含C单质包裹体。显微测温学研究表明,成矿早阶段乳白色石英中包裹体类型有H_2O-CO_2包裹体和H_2O包裹体,H_2O-CO_2包裹体均一温度为220～350℃,盐度为3. 89%～16. 55%NaCleqv; H_2O包裹体均一温度介于220～285℃之间,盐度为1. 40%～1. 70%NaCleqv。成矿主阶段烟灰色石英中包裹体类型包括H_2O-CO_2包裹体、H_2O包裹体、含NaCl子晶包裹体和含C单质包裹体,其中H_2O-CO_2包裹体均一温度为189～345℃,盐度为3. 33%～20. 23%NaCleqv; H_2O包裹体的均一温度介于180～348℃之间,盐度为0. 88%～14. 97%NaCleqv;含NaCl子晶包裹体均一温度为210～359℃,盐度为30. 92%～42. 50%NaCleqv。氢氧同位素研究表明成矿流体来自岩浆水与变质水(δ~(18)O_水=5. 3‰～8. 6‰,δD=-72. 6‰～-38. 4‰);热液碳酸盐的δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)值为-7. 5‰～-5. 2‰,δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)值为14. 7‰～17. 0‰。包裹体及C-H-O同位素的研究表明,流体的沸腾及水岩反应可能是双河金矿金沉淀的主要原因。     

阿尔泰南缘托库孜巴依金矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿流体演化

新疆西北部的托库孜巴依(巴依)金矿床位于西伯利亚古板块南缘,阿尔泰陆缘活动带克兰弧后盆地与哈巴河弧间盆地接壤处。本次研究在前人成果基础上,通过详细的野外调查、室内显微观察、流体包裹体测温、激光拉曼成分分析和氢-氧同位素分析等多种方法,揭示了巴依金矿各成矿阶段流体特征、成矿热液来源和流体演化过程。根据野外矿脉空间分布、穿插关系、矿物组合及结构构造等特征,结合流体包裹体研究,本文将巴依金矿的成矿作用划分为4个阶段:石英-磁铁矿阶段(Ⅰ),主要发育富液相包裹体,均一温度范围在3529～4134℃区间,盐度范围为73%～147%NaCleqv,平均为104%NaCleqv;石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅱ),该阶段主要发育富液相包裹体、富气相包裹体以及含子晶包裹体,均一温度范围为1860～3398℃,盐度变化范围为27%～443%NaCleqv,平均为92%NaCleqv;石英-黄铁矿-黄铜矿阶段(Ⅲ)主要发育富液相包裹体和含(富)CO_2三相水溶液包裹体,均一温度范围为1410～1864℃(富液相包裹体),盐度范围较大,介于0～88%NaCleqv之间;石英-方解石阶段(Ⅳ),流体包裹体以富液相为主,均一温度范围1020～1400℃,盐度范围为02%～43%NaCleqv。该矿床从成矿早阶段到成矿晚阶段温度-盐度整体呈下降趋势,在主要成矿阶段(Ⅱ、Ⅲ)出现流体沸腾现象。各成矿阶段δ~(18)O、δD同位素变化范围分别为:成矿早阶段(Ⅰ)531‰和-8510‰;主要成矿阶段(Ⅱ、Ⅲ)-153‰～150‰和-974‰～-811‰;成矿晚阶段(Ⅳ)-352‰～-342‰和-939‰～-871‰,成矿流体主要是早阶段的变质水与中晚阶段加入的大气水混合而成。巴依金矿成矿流体表现为一套中低盐度NaCl-H_2O-CO_2流体体系,符合造山型金矿成矿流体特征。综合矿床地质研究,本文认为在晚石炭世-二叠纪喀拉通克岛弧与西伯利亚板块碰撞造山构造体制下,流体混合、压力降低和沸腾作用是巴依金矿床富集成矿的主要机制。     

蚌埠五河地区金矿床成矿物质来源及其年代学研究——以河口和荣渡金矿床为例

安徽省蚌埠五河地区河口和荣渡金矿床是华北地台东南缘蚌埠台隆和五河台坳邻接区域的两个金矿床。本文通过对比研究河口和荣渡金矿床的地质特征、流体包裹体地球化学、Re-Os同位素以及H-O-S同位素特征,来厘定其形成时代、探讨其成矿物质来源和成矿过程。河口及荣渡金矿床矿体主要呈细脉浸染状、脉状和网脉状赋存于古太古代西堌堆地层中,成矿过程可划分为4个阶段:(1)石英脉阶段(早阶段);(2)石英-黄铁矿阶段(早阶段);(3)石英-多金属硫化物阶段(中阶段);(4)碳酸盐阶段(晚阶段);其中,中阶段为金的主要矿化时期。河口和荣渡金矿床早阶段(石英脉和石英-黄铁矿阶段)的石英内发育富液两相包裹体(WL型)、富气两相包裹体(WG)以及少量的含子晶的气液固三相包裹体(S型),均一温度为322～412℃,盐度介于5. 56%～15. 67%NaCleqv之间,属于高温中低盐度流体体系;中阶段(石英-多金属硫化物脉阶段)石英内发育有富液两相包裹体(WL型)、富气两相包裹体(WG),均一温度为257～357℃,盐度介于3. 06%～7. 45%NaCleqv之间,属于中高温低盐度流体体系。从成矿早阶段到主成矿阶段流体的盐度和温度都发生了较大程度的降低,推测矿化过程可能是由流体温度和盐度的降低引起的。成矿阶段石英中流体水的δ~(18)O值介于5. 01‰～7. 90‰之间,δD_(V-SMOW)值介于-89‰～-65‰之间,表明两个矿床的成矿流体为主要为岩浆水。河口金矿床矿石中的黄铁矿δ~(34)S值介于3. 89‰～9. 65‰之间,荣渡金矿床方铅矿δ~(34)S值为0. 76‰,表明河口及荣渡金矿床δ~(34)S值具有岩浆硫的特征,后期由于岩浆去气作用或地层硫的参与使矿石中的δ~(34)S值升高。因此,这两个金矿床可能是与岩浆热液有关的热液石英脉型金矿床。对荣渡金矿床矿石的黄铁矿进行Re-Os同位素定年,确定金矿床形成于134±19Ma,结合前人对该地区所做的岩浆岩定年工作,推测荣渡金矿床的成矿可能与区内130Ma左右的岩浆活动密切相关。     

胶东蓬莱大柳行金矿田燕山金矿床流体包裹体特征和氢- 氧同位素研究

燕山金矿床分布在胶东栖霞- 蓬莱成矿带上的大柳行金矿田内,它是一座典型的石英脉型金矿床,矿体呈脉状或透镜状产于中生代花岗岩内部的断裂体系中。该矿床成矿热液过程至少可划分为4个成矿阶段,从早到晚分别是钾长石- 黑云母- 石英阶段、石英- 黄铁矿阶段、多金属硫化物阶段及石英- 碳酸盐阶段,其中2、3阶段为主成矿阶段。成矿阶段的流体包裹体有5种类型,分别是气液两相包裹体(Ⅰ型)、纯液相包裹体(Ⅱ型)、含CO2三相包裹体(Ⅲ型)、纯气相包裹体(Ⅳ型)及含子矿物三相包裹体(Ⅴ型);激光拉曼探针分析显示成矿流体气相成分主要为CO2,另含少量CH4、N2、H2S及有机质等,总体属于CO2- H2O- NaCl体系。通过显微测温获得主成矿阶段成矿流体完全均一的温度在167～393℃之间,盐度为2. 04％～11. 51％NaCleq,密度为0. 54～0. 91g/cm3,整体呈现中低温、低盐度、低密度特点;对应的δ18O H2O值为2. 9‰～6. 6‰,δD值为-82. 9‰～-70. 5‰,显示成矿流体来源于深部流体,以岩浆水为主,其次有少量大气水加入。综合特征揭示,该矿床应属于中低温热液脉型金矿床。     

冈底斯西段鲁尔玛斑岩型铜(金)矿成矿流体性质及演化

目前冈底斯成矿带报道的斑岩型矿床主要集中在东段,而鲁尔玛斑岩型铜(金)矿为冈底斯成矿带西段新发现的铜矿,具有钾硅酸盐化、绢英岩化、青磐岩等明显的斑岩型矿床蚀变特征.其热液脉体从早到晚化分为:钾硅酸盐化脉(A脉)、石英-金属硫化物脉(B脉)以及石英-绿帘石-碳酸盐化脉(D脉).对各阶段热液脉体的的流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温、显微激光拉曼和H-O-C同位素等分析.发现A脉石英中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在390~460℃,盐度介于4.5%~21.6%NaCleqv和43.6%~59.6%NaCleqv两个区间;B脉石英中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在310~380℃,盐度介于3.6%~19.8%NaCleqv和6.0%~16.0%NaCleqv两个区间;D脉石英和方解石中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在200~320℃,盐度集中在0.4%~14.7%NaCleqv.拉曼分析表明,鲁尔玛铜(金)矿的流体包裹体含CO2、N2、CH4等气体及石盐子晶和多种金属硫化物和金属氧化物子晶.各热液脉体石英中流体包裹体的δDH2O,V-SMOW值的变化范围为-128‰^-110‰,δ18OH2O,V-SMOW值的变化范围为-9.09‰^-1.45‰,方解石的δ13CCal,V-PDB值的变化范围为-20.8‰^-19.8‰,δ18OCal,V-SMOW值的变化范围为-5.9‰^-4.9‰,展现出岩浆热液的特征,晚期还有大气降水的加入.研究结果显示,成矿流体属高温、高盐度、含CO2、N2、CH4等气体和Cu、Fe、Mo等金属元素的Ca+-Na+-Cl-H2O体系流体,具有典型的斑岩型铜矿床成矿流体的特征.成矿流体从深部封闭体系运移到浅部的开放体系,温压环境突变导致金属硫化物沉淀,形成A脉和B脉型矿化.随着成矿物质的大量析出,同时伴随着大气降水等因素的影响,流体温度、盐度迅速降低,产生D脉型矿化.     

延边五凤——五星山金(银)矿床的流体包裹体特征及成因模式

延边五凤五星山金(银)矿床是一个大型的典型低硫化型浅成低温热液金矿床.矿床由石英-方解石脉、石英脉以及细脉浸染状硫化物角砾状蚀变岩等矿体所组成;矿化可分为含黄铁矿块状石英、玉髓状石英脉、方解石-石英脉、方解石-沸石4个阶段,其中玉髓状石英脉阶段和方解石-石英脉阶段为主要成矿阶段.矿物流体包裹体的研究表明:(1)以气液两相包裹体为主,由孤立的原生包裹体和沿裂隙成串分布的次生包裹体构成;(2)均一温度为180～280 ℃;(3)盐度(w(NaCl))和密度分别为4.8%～7.02%,0.75～0.92 g/cm3;(4)成矿深度为0.15～0.32 km;(5)激光拉曼光谱实验获得流体包裹体的气相主要成分为水.结合氢氧同位素地球化学特征(δD值为-66‰～-98‰,平均为-87‰;δ18O值为3.18‰～-7.2‰,平均为-5.1‰),确定成矿流体是以水为主的循环大气水,受深部热流作用形成含矿热液,在伸展环境下沿断裂上升,在浅部由充填作用形成五凤石英-方解石脉、石英脉,深部通过沸腾作用形成五星山浸染状硫化物以及角砾状蚀变岩矿体.这与前人认为两矿区仅是通过沸腾作用而造成成矿物质沉淀的成矿观点有所不同.     

山西中条山铜矿峪斑岩型铜矿床成矿流体特征

铜矿峪铜矿床位于中条山铜多金属成矿带,是目前中国最古老的斑岩型铜矿床之一。基于详尽的野外地质调查,结合流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温、群包裹体成分和碳、氢、氧、硫同位素分析等研究,探讨铜矿峪铜矿床成矿流体来源、性质及其演化和成矿物质来源。铜矿峪铜矿床的成矿阶段可划分为红钠化(石英-钠长石)阶段,钾长石-石英阶段,石英-硫化物阶段,石英-碳酸盐阶段(石英-方解石-硫化物阶段和石英-铁白云石-硫化物阶段)和碳酸盐阶段。流体包裹体类型主要有富液相气液两相包裹体(Ⅰ型)、含子晶包裹体(Ⅱ型)和CO2包裹体(Ⅲ型),还有少量的富气相包裹体(Ⅳ型)和液相包裹体(Ⅴ型),成矿流体系统早期为中高温、高氧逸度、富CO2的岩浆热液,中阶段经过流体沸腾、温度降低、氧逸度降低、CO2逸失等过程演化为还原性流体,使得大量金属硫化物沉淀,最后由于大气降水的不断加入和降温等过程,形成晚期的低温、中低氧逸度、低盐度、贫CO2的大气降水热液。氢、氧同位素组成(δ18OH2O值变化范围为6.5‰～-1.10‰,δD值变化范围为-99‰～-58‰)显示,从早阶段到晚阶段,成矿流体从以原生岩浆水为主,到晚期大气降水为主。9件硫化物样品δ34S值变化于1.1‰～4.8‰,平均值为2.44‰。表明成矿物质具有深源的特征。     

Police, politics, and the right to the city

Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.     

Rb-Sr, K-Ar, H-and O-Isotope systematics of the Middle Riphean shales from the Debengda Formation, the Olenek Uplift, North Sibera

Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ¹⁸O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

Delivery of Trace Metals (Al,Fe, Mn,V, Co,Ni, Cu,Cd, Ag,Pb) from the Trinity River Watershed Towards the Ocean

The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.     

山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义

在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。     

海南长塘岭矿区大坡岩体岩石学、地球化学特征及其含矿性初探

海南大坡岩体位于五指山褶皱带内,主要受昌江—琼海构造带、琼西构造带与潭爷断陷构造带控制.岩石地球化学及岩石学研究表明,大坡岩体形成于海西-印支晚期,岩性单一,主要为中细粒似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩.岩体显示为Ⅰ型花岗岩与S型花岗岩的混合,主体以地壳物质部分熔融为主,形成过程有少量地幔物质加入.元素对的比值及稀土元素配分特征说明岩体钨锡等多金属含矿性可能较差.     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...