川西老君沟和孟通沟花岗岩的地球化学特征、成因机制及对松潘-甘孜地体基底性质的制约

老君沟岩体和孟通沟岩体是位于松潘-甘孜地体东部的中生代花岗岩,为碰撞过程中岩浆作用的产物,包含有地壳基底性质的重要信息。两岩体具有中等至较高的SiO_2含量(63.9～75.0wt%),具有准铝质和轻微过铝质(ACNK=0.86～1. 08)特征,属于中钾到高钾钙碱性系列。其中,老君沟岩体富Al_2O_3(14.2～16.0wt%)、K_2O(2.88～4.36wt%),贫MgO(0.38～1.98wt%),并具有高Sr(307～697ppm)低Y(12.2～21.0ppm)特征以及中等至较高的稀土分馏((La/Yb)_N>10),这些特征非常类似于下地壳熔融形成的埃达克岩。孟通沟岩体的主微量元素特征类似于老君沟岩体,但具有相对低的Sr(110～397 ppm)、稍高的Y(12.2～21.0ppm)和明显较低的Sr/Y比值(5～32)。两岩体均具有地壳特征的Nd-Sr同位素组成(ε_(Nd)(T)= -6.02～-3.11;I_(Sr)=0.7053～0.7075),排除了直接来自地幔岩浆的可能性,表明其可能来自于石榴石稳定区地壳物质的部分熔融。两岩体富含Rb(106～202ppm)、Cs(3.79～25.6ppm)而K_2O/Na_2O(0.56～1.12)比值较高,显示其可能来自黑云母的脱水熔融。由于黑云母的脱水熔融温度较高而剪切生热所能达致的温度较低,同造山的滑脱构造难以导致上述两个岩体的形成,地幔岩浆的底侵作用可能是导致下地壳物质部分熔融的主要原因。两岩体的源区成分和Nd模式年龄(T_(DM(Ⅱ))=1.23～1.44 Ga)均反映松潘-甘孜地体具有类似于扬子板块的中元古陆壳基底。     

大别山超高压变质带燕山期花岗岩地球化学特征及成因探讨

依据花岗岩类的岩性组合、产出状况、结构、侵位机制和地球化学特征等,将大别山超高压变质带中燕山期花岗岩大致可以划分为两大类一类为高钾钙碱性系列,以大同岩体和司空山早、主期岩体为代表,岩性为花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩,表现为SiO2＞56%,Al2O3一般≥14%,MgO＜3%富集LREE,低HREE和Y、Yb(如Y＜18×10-6,Yb＜1.9×10-6),高Sr、Ba,高La/Yb＞39和Sr/Y≥30,Sr、Eu异常不明显,与Adakite岩相似;另一类属正常钙碱性系列,以英山尖岩体为代表,岩性以二长花岗岩为主,具有高硅、低铝的特点,一般SiO2>70%,Al2O3＜14%,LREE略显亏损,HREE略显富集和高Y、Yb(如Y＞18×10-6,Yb＞1.9×10-6),低Sr和La/Yb＜10、Sr/Y＜10,Sr、Eu负异常明显.高钾钙碱性花岗岩可能为增厚的下地壳部分熔融的产物,正常钙碱性花岗岩可能为正常的地壳重熔形成.     

巴颜喀拉中部三叠纪花岗岩类的岩石成因及其地质意义

巴颜喀拉-松潘甘孜造山带三叠纪花岗岩是研究青藏高原中部古特提斯造山作用过程与地壳生长演化机制的重要探针。本次研究对巴颜喀拉中部的花岗质岩体进行了详细的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩地球化学研究,探讨其岩石成因和动力学背景。锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,本次研究的花岗质岩体形成于209～217 Ma,是晚三叠世岩浆活动的产物。岩石地球化学分析揭示,岩体由高Sr/Y值和低Sr/Y值花岗岩类组成。其中,高Sr/Y值岩体具有中等K₂O(2.13%～3.75%)、较高的Sr(373×10^–6～521×10^–6)含量和Sr/Y值(47.5～69.4),较低的Yb(0.42×10^–6～0.62×10^–6)、Y(6.79×10^–6～7.99×10^–6)、Cr(5.86×10^–6～13.0×10^–6)和Ni(1.91×10^–6～6.63×10^–6)含量, La/Yb...     

松潘-甘孜造山带晚三叠世新山沟A型花岗岩年代学和地球化学研究

为探讨松潘-甘孜造山带南部新山沟岩体的成因和构造演化背景及时代,对其开展了岩石学、元素地球化学和年代学研究.结果 显示,新山沟岩体具有高K2O(3.84％～6.15％)、富铝(14.23％ ～ 16.36％)特征,为准铝质富钾钙碱性A型花岗岩系列;其∑REE为260.17×10-6～333.91×10-6,LREE/HREE为9.00～11.00,Y/Yb值5.94～6.9,属轻稀土相对富集、重稀土比较平坦的右倾海鸥型配分模式;30颗锆石的206 pb/238U加权平均年龄为(209.4±3.3) Ma,为晚三叠世晚期;单颗粒锆石的饱和温度为939～1038℃,锆石Ti温度计计算的温度为718～863℃.研究认为,新山沟岩体属A型花岗岩中的PA(或A2)型,岩浆起源于后碰撞岩石圈拆沉、软流圈上涌所携带的热量诱发中-下地壳发生部分熔融,造成岩浆上侵就位,从而形成以地壳岩浆为主体、伴有地幔物质加入的新山沟岩体(壳幔混合型),标志着松潘-甘孜造山带三叠纪造山作用的结束.     

川西容须卡锂辉石矿床石英闪长岩锆石LA-ICP MS测年及构造意义

针对松潘-甘孜造山带中部的容须卡锂辉石矿床中进行了详细的岩石学、地球化学2件石英闪长岩、3件花岗岩闪长岩及锆石U-Pb年代学1件研究,结果表明,岩体具有中-高硅(59.05%～67.67%),高钾(1.64%～2.46%)、富钙(4.11%～7.38%)、贫铝(10.63%～17.61%),铝饱和指数(A/CNK0.58～1.15)偏低的特征,并且岩体中普遍含角闪石,岩石类型属Ⅰ型花岗岩系列。稀土总量变化较大,稀土配分曲线为右倾型,轻稀土相对富集。δEu为0.75～1.63,平均为0.90,具有较弱的负铕异常。野外观测、镜下鉴定及微量元素地球化学特征均显示该岩体原始岩浆起源于壳-幔混熔或下地壳物质的部分熔融,属下地壳重熔的I型高钾钙碱性花岗岩系列岩石。微量元素构造环境判别投点位于火山弧花岗岩区域,与岛弧型花岗岩具有相似的特征,形成于松潘-甘孜造山带碰撞后构造背景,源区可能来自黑云母的脱水熔融。容须卡黑云母石英闪长岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb加权平均年龄为214.4Ma±1.2Ma(MSWD=0.064),表明容须卡岩体原始岩浆的初始结晶时代为晚三叠世。容须卡岩体形成于晚三叠世碰撞后构造环境,是壳-幔岩浆的拆沉作用导致壳-幔混熔的产物,(含稀有金属)伟晶岩脉与与该花岗岩体在成因上有联系。     

西秦岭北缘达加勒埃达克质花岗岩地球化学特征及构造意义

西秦岭北部广泛分布中酸性岩体,时代多属于印支期和燕山期,并多具有埃达克岩的特点。本次研究分析了达加勒花岗岩的岩石学和岩石地球化学特征,发现该岩体主要是以花岗岩、二长花岗岩为主,属于高钾钙碱性系列; ACNK值在1. 1～1. 25之间,平均1. 17,属于过铝质;岩石富SiO2(67. 98%～74. 89%)和Al2O3(13. 27%～15. 50%),高Sr(773. 70×10-6～824. 30×10-6),低Yb(0. 48×10-6～1. 32×10-6)、Y(2. 79×10-6～14. 24×10-6),(La/Yb)N比值24. 39～45. 73,无负Eu异常(δEu=0. 57～1. 08),具有典型的埃达克岩地球化学特征。研究认为花岗岩浆起源于下地壳的部分熔融,源岩主要是变质杂砂岩,有少量的泥质岩,其形成时代可能为燕山早期。这与研究区印支—燕山期存在陆陆碰撞或者陆陆俯冲导致地壳加厚,加厚的下地壳发生部分熔融结果一致。     

松潘-甘孜南部放马坪-三岩龙花岗岩的成因及其构造意义

松潘-甘孜造山带内广泛出露印支期花岗岩类,目前对该区印支期花岗岩的研究主要集中于东部、中部地区,南部地区的研究相对较少.放马坪-三岩龙花岗质杂岩体位于松潘-甘孜造山带南部的九龙地区,根据主微量元素特征的不同可被划分为两大类:第一类具有C型埃达克岩的特征,Sr＞541×10,Y＜12.4×10～,Sr/Y＞55,轻重稀土...     

河南省商城埃达克质花岗岩地球化学特征及成因

河南信阳商城花岗岩体属于高钾钙碱性系列,具有岛弧花岗岩特征,其岩石地球化学具有与adakite岩相似的特征。这些岩石的SiO2含量均56%(67.32%~69.38%),Al2O3的含量除一个样品为14.92%外,其余均15%(15.03%~15.47%)、富含Na2O(3.5%~4.75%)、Na2OK2O,Na2O/K2O比值在1.1~1.4之间,具低MgO(1.10%~2.05%),低Cr(4.8×10-6~22×10-6)、Ni(1.7×10-6~5.6×10-6),具有高Sr(475.3×10-6~896.7×10-6,平均均400×10-6,平均为785.14×10-6),低Y(7.53×10-6~15.5×10-6,平均10.3×10-6,18×10-6),Sr/Y值40(平均84.4)、低Yb(0.58×10-6~1.55×10-6,平均0.87×10-6,1.8×10-6)。该花岗岩体在稀土元素配分曲线图上具有弱Eu负异常,稀土元素分异强烈,属轻稀土富集重稀土亏损;在微量元素蛛网图上具Ba、Sr正异常,而Nb、Ta的负异常较为明显。岩石类型为石英二长岩,花岗闪长岩、花岗岩。矿物成分以更长石、正长石、镁质黑云母、石英为主,副矿物为磁铁矿+榍石-锆石+磷灰石组合,富含暗色闪长质包体,属I型花岗岩类。表明商城埃达克质花岗岩形成可能与增厚下地壳熔融有关。     

安徽金寨岩体地质和地球化学特征及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄

安徽金寨岩体为一钾长花岗岩体,位于大别造山带北淮阳构造带,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年获得岩体侵位年龄为129.7±1.5Ma,属早白垩世岩浆活动产物。岩体周边发现有数个铅锌多金属矿点,与区域岩浆作用及其矿化一致。岩体富硅(SiO_2=72.47%~77.80%)、富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=7.48%~8.16%)、贫钙(CaO=0.15%~1.47%);稀土配分曲线呈现"海鸥式"分布特征,显示强烈的Eu负异常(δEu=0.18~0.40);微量元素特征显示具有较高的Ga(21.68×10~(-6)~24.12×10~(-6))、Zr(127.68×10~(-6)~196.75×10~(-6))、Nb(33.31×10~(-6)~60.53×10~(-6))和Y(14.57×10~(-6)~27.51×10~(-6))含量,较低的Sr(8.15×10~(-6)~138.52×10~(-6))、Ba(23.04×10~(-6)~332.63×10~(-6))含量,在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上显示明显的Ba、Sr、P、和Ti的负异常。以上特征表明金寨钾长花岗岩为A型花岗岩,可能是下地壳源岩部分熔融的产物。金寨钾长花岗岩是形成于造山后伸展环境下的板内A1型花岗岩,不是形成于非造山大地构造背景下的碱性花岗岩。     

内蒙古四子王旗乌尔塔高勒庙岩体的侵位时代及岩石地球化学特征

内蒙中部四子王旗乌尔塔高勒庙花岗岩基位于兴蒙造山带的二道井-查干乌拉-红格尔缝合带南缘,主要由角闪正长岩、二长花岗岩及正长花岗岩组成.为精确厘定该岩体形成时代,我们对其三类岩石进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年.角闪正长岩、二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩分别获得了271 Ma±18 Ma(MSWD=4.1),256 Ma±3 Ma(MSWD=2.7)和261Ma±2 Ma(MSWD=1.2)的206 pb/238U年龄.岩石地球化学数据表明二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩属钙碱性岩石系列,而角闪正长岩为碱性岩系列;角闪石正长岩高Ga/Al比值,高Zn,Y,Nb含量等特征与A型花岗岩类一致;二长花岗岩高Sr(407×10-6～626×10-6),低Y(2.2×10-6～4.8×10-6)和Yb(0.27×10-6～0.45×10-6)以及高Sr/Y(84～235)和LaN/YbN (8.9～49.6)比值,δEu正异常(1.3～3.3)等特征,暗示源区残留相以石榴石+角闪石+斜长石为特征,具加厚地壳特征;该类型岩石通过斜长石的分离结晶形成具低锶花岗岩特征的正长花岗岩.同位素定年和岩石地球化学特征表明乌尔塔高勒庙岩体形成于碰撞后构造环境,是大规模岩浆底侵作用导致地壳熔融的结果.     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.