大别山北部镁铁-超镁铁质岩带中榴辉岩的分布与变质温压条件

大别山北部镁铁-超镁铁质岩带中的榴辉岩主要有两种产状,一是产于变形较强(面理化)的橄榄岩中,另一种是产于片麻岩中。其中,绿辉石中硬玉端元组分大多为Jd=20mol％～52mol％。产于橄榄岩和片麻岩中榴辉岩的石榴子石成分分别相当于Coleman的B型和C型榴辉岩。石榴子石成分特征及钠质单斜辉石中石英针状出溶体的出现表明,本区榴辉岩早期可能经历过超高压变质作用,且至少经历了3个变质阶段,即:①榴辉岩相峰期变质阶段,主要矿物共生组合为石榴子石+绿辉石+金红石±蓝晶石+石英(或柯石英假象?),p≥2.5GPa、t=595～874℃;②高压麻粒岩相变质阶段,主要矿物共生组合为石榴子石+透辉石+紫苏辉石+钛铁矿+尖晶石+斜长石等,p=1.1～1.37GPa、t=817～909℃;③角闪岩相变质阶段,主要矿物共生组合为角闪石+斜长石+磁铁矿等,p=0.5～0.6GPa、t=500～600℃。该区榴辉岩独特的麻粒岩相退变质阶段,表明榴辉岩在折返初期并未能上升到中上地壳,而处于下地壳,它与南部超高压变质岩有不同的p-t演化史,即在榴辉岩相峰期变质之后经历了近等温减压(或稍升温减压)和降温减压变质过程。     

北大别片麻岩的超高压变质证据——来自锆石提供的信息

本文对北大别片麻岩锆石中矿物包体及年代学进行了研究,首次发现了北大别片麻岩的超高压变质作用证据。结合阴极发光图像和同位素定年,片麻岩锆石中矿物包体组合至少可分出三期:(1)原岩岩浆矿物组合,即斜长石、黑云母、石英和磷灰石;(2)超高压变质矿物组合,即金刚石、石榴子石和金红石等;(3)麻粒岩相退变质矿物组合,如透辉石等。其中,金刚石和石榴子石主要以包体形式被包裹于透辉石中,而透辉石是北大别麻粒岩相退变质阶段形成的代表性矿物。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果表明,北大别片麻岩的峰期变质时代和麻粒岩相退变质时代分别为218±3Ma和199±10Ma。这些证明北大别片麻岩,如同其中的榴辉岩一样,经过了印支期超高压变质作用。     

东南极拉斯曼丘陵镁铁质麻粒岩的变质作用演化

拉斯曼丘陵（Larsemann Hills）位于东南极普里兹构造带的中部,研究该区麻粒岩的变质作用演化对于理解普里兹带的构造属性至关重要。通过对该区含石榴石镁铁质麻粒岩转石详细的岩相学观察表明,峰期前进变质阶段矿物组合（M1）由角闪石+斜方辉石+单斜辉石+斜长石+黑云母+钛铁矿±石英±磁铁矿组成,其峰期矿物组合（M2）为石榴石+斜方辉石+单斜辉石+角闪石+钛铁矿±磁铁矿±石英,而代表后期与降压有关的叠加变质组合（M3）为斜方辉石+斜长石+单斜辉石+黑云母+钛铁矿±磁铁矿。矿物化学分析,结果显示其中石榴子石和斜方辉石具有弱的成分环带特征。利用THERMOCALC软件在NCFMASHTO体系下对该麻粒岩进行了详细的热力学模拟,结合传统温压计和平均温压计算结果,得出不同阶段温压条件分别为650~750℃/5.5~6.5kb （M1）,850~950℃/8~8.5kb （M2）,800~900℃/5.5~7.5kb （M3）。其变质作用演化为典型的峰期后近等温减压的（ITD）顺时针P-T轨迹。通过区域上镁铁质麻粒岩的对比分析,我们认为该镁铁质麻粒岩可能来源拉斯曼丘陵基岩露头。结合已有的年代学资料,表明该镁铁质麻粒岩的峰期变质事件可能对应于晚元古代格林威尔期构造事件,而后期退变质作用与早古生代的泛非期构造事件有关,意味着泛非期普里兹带可能是陆内造山带。     

大别超高压变质带的进变质、超高压和退变质时代的准确限定:以双河大理岩中榴辉岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年为例

在大别超高压变质带的双河地区存在一种特殊类型的榴辉岩,该类榴辉岩主要以似层状、条带状以及不规则透镜体赋存于大理岩中。矿物组成主要为石榴石、绿辉石以及少量的金红石、白云石、菱镁矿等。沿石榴石和绿辉石边缘常退变为角闪石+斜长石等,有的岩石完全退变为斜长角闪岩。激光拉曼和阴极发光综合分析表明,该类榴辉岩中的锆石可划分为两种类型:继承性碎屑锆石和变质锆石。继承性碎屑锆石十分少见,阴极发光图象具有明显的双层结构,即强发光的核和弱发光的边,核部和边部的包体矿物分别为Pl+Ap和Qtz+Pl。SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果表明。继承性碎屑锆石核部记录的207Pb／206Pb年龄为2701±15Ma,Th/U比值明显偏高为1．05,稀土元素配分模式显示重稀土明显富集,具有典型岩浆结晶锆石的特点;边部记录的207Pb／206Pb年龄为1801±12Ma-1753±22Ma,Th／U比值则明显偏低,为0．19-0．22之间,稀土元素配分模式显示重稀土相对平坦,具有典型变质锆石的特点。上述特征表明该类继承性碎屑锆石可能来源于太古代的基底,并经历了早元古代变质热事件的改造。新生的变质锆石无论是矿物包体还是阴极发光图象均与继承性碎屑锆石存在明显差异。有的变质增生锆石具有弱发光的核(阴极发光图象呈灰色)和强发光的边(阴极发光图象呈白色)。核部包体矿物组合为Qtz +Grt+Omp+Phe+Dol+Ap,具有典型石英榴辉岩相矿物组合特征,而边部则保存含柯石英的超高压包体矿物组合Coe+Grt +Omp+Mgs+Arg+Ap,表明该类锆石的核部和边部分别形成于俯冲进变质阶段和超高压变质阶段。另一部分变质增生锆石具有强发光的核(阴极发光图象呈白色)和弱发光的边(阴极发光图象呈黑色)。核部保存的标志性超高压包体矿物组合为Coe+Grt+Omp+Mgs+Arg+Ap,边部则保存Qtz+Cal等退变矿物组合,有的则缺乏矿物包体,表明该类锆石自超高压变质阶段开始生长,并经历了后期退变质作用的改造。从不同微区矿物包体组合的性质及其转变特征可以明显看出,自石英榴辉岩相进变质阶段到超高压峰期变质阶段存在下列转变反应:Qtz→Coe和Dol→Mgs+Arg;而自超高压峰期变质阶段到后期退变质阶段则存在下列退变反应:Coe→Qtz和Arg→Cal。SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果表明,含石英榴辉岩相矿物包体的锆石微区记录的206Pb／238U年龄为249-241Ma,加权平均值为244±4Ma,代表了深俯冲石英榴辉岩相进变质阶段的变质年龄;含柯石英等超高压矿物包体的锆石微区记录的206Pb／238U年龄为239-231Ma,加权平均值为234±3Ma,代表超高压阶段的峰期变质年龄;而含石英和方解石的退变边记录的206Pb／238U年龄为219-211Ma,加权平均值为216±6Ma,应代表后期折返阶段的角闪岩相退变质年龄。上述两类变质增生锆石微区的Th／U比值和稀土元素配分模式十分相似,Th／U比值变化于0．02- 0．18之间,稀土元素配分模式显示重稀土相对平坦,稀土元素总量明显低于继承性碎屑锆石,具有典型变质锆石的特点。根据锆石微区矿物包体的化学成分,采用Grt-Omp和Grt-Omp-Phe温压计,结合前人的变质反应实验资料的综合分析,确定榴辉岩的原岩在深俯冲过程的石英榴辉岩相进变质阶段的变质温压条件为T=588-668℃,P=1．7-1．8GPa;超高压峰期阶段的温压条件为T=784-849℃,P>5．5GPa;而构造折返过程中角闪岩相退变质阶段的温压条件为T=550-720℃,P=0．8～1．4GPa。由此可见,大别超高压变质岩的原岩——元古代(部分可能为太古代)的陆壳物质在早三叠纪发生俯冲至55- 60km深处,并经历了石英榴辉岩相变质作用。随后这些变质岩石继续深俯冲至165～175km的地幔深处,于中三叠纪发生了超高压变质作用,石英榴辉岩相矿物组合转变为超高压榴辉岩相矿物组合。最后这些超高压变质岩石发生构造折返,至晚三叠纪抬升到约30km的中下地壳深度,并经历了角闪岩相退变质作用的改造,超高压榴辉岩相矿物组合退变为角闪岩相矿物组合。由此推断,大别超高压变质带俯冲和折返速率分别为11-12km Myr-1和7．5-8．1km Myr-1。该项成果不仅确定了大别超高压变质地体的石英榴辉岩相进变质-超高压榴辉岩相峰期变质-角闪岩相退变质的年代谱系,而且对于重塑大别超高压变质地体的快速俯冲-折返的动力学模式有着重要的科学意义。     

CCSD主孔超高压榴辉岩金红石中的矿物包裹体研究

金红石是榴辉岩中的主要含钛副矿物。中国大陆科学钻探工程（CCSD）主孔100～2000m岩心样品中，金红石榴辉岩、多硅白云母榴辉岩和蓝晶石榴辉岩中都程度不等地含有金红石。金红石既可以与其他矿物一起被石榴石、绿辉石等主要变质矿物包裹，也可以包裹其他矿物。本文利用电子探针技术，对CCSD所揭示的超高压榴辉岩的金红石中的矿物包裹体进行了鉴定和分析。结果显示，绿辉石、富铪锆石、高铝榍石、韭闪石和红闪石、斜黝帘石等矿物包裹体形成于榴辉岩相进变质至峰期变质阶段；随着超高压变质带快速折返，榴辉岩经受强烈的退变质作用，包括金红石、绿辉石在内的多种矿物都经受了退变质作用，与金红石共生的钛铁矿完全或者部分退变成含铁金红石和钛铁晶石。在退变的金红石中，还发现了透辉石＋斜长石后成合晶、低铝榍石、镁绿闪石等退变质矿物组合。     

苏鲁地体超高压矿物的三维空间分布

采用激光拉曼技术,配备电子探针和阴极发光测试,确认苏鲁地体大多数花岗质片麻岩,所有类型片麻岩、斜长角闪岩、蓝晶石英岩和大理岩的锆石中均隐藏以柯石英为代表的超高压包体矿物组合。其中花岗质片麻岩典型超高压包体矿物为柯石英±多硅白云母;副片麻岩为柯石英+石榴子石+绿辉石、柯石英±石榴子石+硬玉+多硅白云母+磷灰石、柯石英+多硅白云母±磷灰石;斜长角闪岩为柯石英+石榴子石+绿辉石±金红石;蓝晶石英岩为柯石英+蓝晶石+金红石+磷灰石、柯石英+蓝晶石+多硅白云母+金红石;大理岩为柯石英+透辉石、柯石英+橄榄石。表明苏鲁地体由榴辉岩及其围岩所组成的巨量陆壳物质曾普遍发生深俯冲,并经历了超高压变质作用。锆石的矿物包体分布特征及相应的阴极发光图像研究表明,在同一样品中,锆石的成因特征存在明显差异。有的锆石显示继承性(碎屑)锆石的核(core)、超高压变质的幔(mantle)和退变质的边(rim);有的锆石则具有超高压的核、幔和退变质的边;而有的锆石却记录了深俯冲的核、超高压的幔和退变质的边。标志着苏鲁超高压变质带各类岩石副矿物锆石均具有十分复杂的结晶生长演化历史。因此,在充分研究锆石中矿物包体性质、分布特征以及相应阴极发光图像的基础上,采用SHRIMP离子探针技术,在锆石晶体的不同     

山东半岛早前寒武纪高级变质基底中超镁铁质岩的成因

山东半岛早前寒武纪高级变质基底广泛出露超镁铁质岩,它们呈大小不等的透镜体产于TTG片麻岩中,且与基性高压麻粒岩密切"伴生"。岩相学和矿物相转变分析、温压条件估算以及锆石原位U-Pb定年结果表明,山东半岛超镁铁质岩记录了十分复杂的演化历史,其中早期残留的原岩标志性的矿物组合 (M₁) 以尖晶石 (富Mg)+橄榄石 (富Mg)+斜方辉石 (富Mg) 为特征,相应的岩浆结晶温压条件T=980~1050℃、P=1.55~1.65GPa;峰期高压麻粒岩相变质阶段 (M₂) 的典型的矿物组合以尖晶石 (富Fe)+橄榄石 (富Fe)+斜方辉石 (富Fe) 为特征,相应的温压条件T=840~880℃、P=1.40~1.55GPa,此阶段形成的变质锆石记录的高压麻粒岩相变质时代为1858~1877Ma;峰后中低压角闪-麻粒岩岩相退变质阶段 (M₃) 的矿物组合以斜方辉石+单斜辉石+橄榄石+角闪石 (富 (Na+K))+尖晶石+磁铁矿(富Cr) 为特征,相应的温压条件T=760~820℃、P=0.55~0.65GPa,此阶段形成的变质锆石记录的退变质时代为1820~1840Ma;晚期低角闪岩相-绿片岩相变质阶段 (M₄),以形成角闪石 (贫 (Na+K))+磁铁矿 (贫Cr)+蛇纹石±绿泥石±金云母的矿物组合为特征,相应的温压条件T=500~600℃、P=0.32~0.40GPa。超镁铁质岩的变质演化具有典型碰撞造山带顺时针P-T-t轨迹,指示山东半岛超镁铁岩是古老陆块之间碰撞造山的产物。该项成果对于进一步深入探讨华北克拉通东南缘早前寒武纪古老陆块的碰撞-拼贴及其演化的动力学过程具有重要科学意义。     

大别山北部鹿吐石铺含石榴子石斜长角闪岩的变质特征及Rb-Sr同位素年龄

大别山北部鹿吐石铺含石榴子石斜长角闪岩早期经历了榴辉岩相及随后的麻粒岩相退变质阶段,现主要表现为角闪岩相矿物组合特征。它的全岩＋角闪石Rb－Sr等时线年龄为172±3Ma(I=0.706095),代表了角闪岩相阶段的退变质年龄。     

苏北高压变质带及其与北侧超高压变质带的关系

在苏北超高压变质带以南存在一条与之平行的高压变质带。带内由东南向西北可进一步划分出蓝闪石-黑硬绿泥石带,石榴石-绿帘石带和蓝晶石-黄玉带三个变质亚带。从蓝门石-黑硬绿泥石带到蓝晶石-黄玉带变质温压逐渐升高,其峰期地热梯度为15±3℃/km,属于高压变质相系。北侧超高压变质带的典型矿物组合是石榴石+绿辉石+柯石英+金红石,地热梯度为9±2℃/km。高压变质带峰期变质与北侧超高压带峰期变质的地热梯度明显不同,而与超高压变质体的退变质地热梯度相吻合。结合同位素年代学资料,本文指出本区的高压变质作用与北侧的超高压变质作用不是同时发生,而是与超高压变质体的退变质作用同时发生于中生代的印支期。含柯石英榴辉岩的超高压峰期变质早于印支期,并经两次抬升出露于地表。     

内蒙古头道桥地区蓝闪石片岩和相关变质岩石岩石学特征及其构造意义

内蒙古头道桥地区出露了一套经高压变质形成的岩石组合。本次研究通过岩相学和矿物化学分析,根据矿物组合的不同,识别出蓝片岩、绿片岩两种不同类型的岩石类型。其中,蓝片岩的矿物组合为角闪石（蓝闪石、蓝透闪石）+绿帘石+钠长石+绿泥石+石英+赤铁矿±多硅白云母±方解石±榍石;绿片岩的矿物组合为绿泥石+钠长石+石英±绿帘石±角闪石（阳起石、镁角闪石、蓝透闪石、冻蓝闪石等）±多硅白云母±赤铁矿。确定了蓝片岩的峰期变质级别为绿帘-蓝闪片岩相,峰期变质温度为400~600℃,压力为1.2~1.4 GPa。绿片岩的峰期变质级别为绿帘-角闪岩相。结合前人研究成果,认为蓝片岩和绿片岩的形成与额尔古纳地块和兴安地块的碰撞拼合有关。     

大别山北部榴辉岩和英云闪长质片麻岩锆石U-Pb年龄及多期变质增生

大别山北部榴辉岩及英云闪长质片麻岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分析表明：北部榴辉岩相峰期变质时代为226～230Ma左右;北部塔儿河一带英云闪长质片麻岩经历过印支期变质事件;大别山北部与南部超高压岩石中一致的（226～230Ma）高压或超高压变质年龄表明,北部镁铁-超镁铁质岩带中部分岩石也曾作为扬子俯冲陆壳的一部分,在印支期发生过高压或超高压变质作用;本区锆石发生过两期变质增生事件,一是印支期高压或超高压变质,另一期是燕山期热变质事件;榴辉岩及英云闪长质片麻岩的原岩形成时代为晚元古代;锆石U-Pb年龄可用多期变质增生模型来解释。     

"罗田穹隆"中的下地壳俯冲成因榴辉岩及其地质意义

在“罗田穹隆”中发现了下地壳俯冲成因榴辉岩．榴辉岩呈透镜状或板状产于含石榴子石条带状片麻岩中．新鲜的榴辉岩主要由石榴子石、绿辉石、金红石等组成．含少量退变质的角闪石、斜长石、紫苏辉石、透辉石、(钛)磁铁矿和石英等．研究区榴辉岩以保留早期麻粒岩相变质矿物残留体以及经受晚期麻粒岩相和角闪岩相退变为特征．指示它们由扬子镁铁质下地壳麻粒岩相岩石俯冲到深部发生变质并形成榴辉岩．然后折返至下地壳发生麻粒岩相退变，由于麻粒岩相退变质阶段仅以后成合晶形式出现．因而它们可能在下地壳停留时间不长．就又进一步被构造抬升至中上地壳而发生角闪岩相退变．大别山造山带乃至扬子板块北缘现今缺乏厚层镁铁质下地壳．它们也很少出露地表．推测这些俯冲的镁铁质下地壳可能已拆离再循环进人地幔．从而为“罗田穹隆”的形成和演化以及大别山高压-超高压岩石的形成与折返机制等研究提供了关键性的岩石学证据。     

关于大别山榴辉岩相变质作用

大别山产出的榴辉岩相岩石包括石榴橄榄岩、榴辉岩、榴云片岩、榴辉片麻岩、榴玉英岩和榴辉大理岩等不同系列,它们均分布于花岗质片麻岩中。矿物共生序列研究表明,榴辉岩相岩石经历了从绿帘角闪岩相、柯石英榴辉岩相、角闪榴辉岩相、绿帘角闪岩相到绿片岩相的演化过程。花岗质片麻岩及变质火山—沉积岩系并未经历超高压变质作用,但却与榴辉岩相岩石经历了同一期绿帘角闪岩相变质事件,证明二者在地壳范围内发生了构造合并     

Ultrahigh-pressure eclogite transformed from mafic granulite in the Dabie orogen, east-central China

Although ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks are present in many collisional orogenic belts, almost all exposed UHP metamorphic rocks are subducted upper or felsic lower continental crust with minor mafic boudins. Eclogites formed by subduction of mafic lower continental crust have not been identified yet. Here an eclogite occurrence that formed during subduction of the mafic lower continental crust in the Dabie orogen, east‐central China is reported. At least four generations of metamorphic mineral assemblages can be discerned: (i) hypersthene + plagioclase ± garnet; (ii) omphacite + garnet + rutile + quartz; (iii) symplectite stage of garnet + diopside + hypersthene + ilmenite + plagioclase; (iv) amphibole + plagioclase + magnetite, which correspond to four metamorphic stages: (a) an early granulite facies, (b) eclogite facies, (c) retrograde metamorphism of high‐pressure granulite facies and (d) retrograde metamorphism of amphibolite facies. Mineral inclusion assemblages and cathodoluminescence images show that zircon is characterized by distinctive domains of core and a thin overgrowth rim. The zircon core domains are classified into two types: the first is igneous with clear oscillatory zonation ± apatite and quartz inclusions; and the second is metamorphic containing a granulite facies mineral assemblage of garnet, hypersthene and plagioclase (andesine). The zircon rims contain garnet, omphacite and rutile inclusions, indicating a metamorphic overgrowth at eclogite facies. The almost identical ages of the two types of core domains (magmatic = 791 ± 9 Ma and granulite facies metamorphic zircon = 794 ± 10 Ma), and the Triassic age (212 ± 10 Ma) of eclogitic facies metamorphic overgrowth zircon rim are interpreted as indicating that the protolith of the eclogite is mafic granulite that originated from underplating of mantle‐derived magma onto the base of continental crust during the Neoproterozoic (c. 800 Ma) and then subducted during the Triassic, experiencing UHP eclogite facies metamorphism at mantle depths. The new finding has two‐fold significance: (i) voluminous mafic lower continental crust can increase the average density of subducted continental lithosphere, thus promoting its deep subduction; (ii) because of the current absence of mafic lower continental crust in the Dabie orogen, delamination or recycling of subducted mafic lower continental crust can be inferred as the geochemical cause for the mantle heterogeneity and the unusually evolved crustal composition.     

大别山高压、超高压变质岩结构构造的演化规律(PTt-D轨迹)

根据大别山高压、超高压变质岩的中尺度-显微构造分析及PTt研究,建立它们的结构和构造随变质作用（前榴辉岩相、超高压变质峰期、前角闪岩相和角闪岩相）有序演化的PTt-D轨迹。这一演化主要包括：在岩石的矿物结构方面从石榴石静态重结晶结构到柯石英假像及放射状张裂隙构造;在岩石组构方面从L>S到L-S和S>L榴辉岩;以及在中尺度构造方面发育的D1和D2变形构造。该PTt-D轨迹同时可以提供有关高压、超高压变质岩折返模式的信息。     

Tectonic Affinity, T-t Path and Uplift Trajectory of Eclogites from Northern Dabie Mountains, Central-Eastern China

INTRODUCTIONTheDabieMountainsaretheeasternsectionoftheE WtrendingQinling DabieorogenicbeltbetweentheNorthChinablockandYangtzeblock ,andistransectedatitseasternendbyTan Lufault.Ultrahigh pressuremetamorphic (UHPM)rocksincludingcoesites (Okayetal.,1989;Wangetal.,1989)andmicrodiamonds (Xuetal.,1992b)bearingeclogitesareexposedintheDabieMountainsandSu Luorogen ,whichisthelargestUHPMbeltontheearthsurface .TheUHPMrocksarecomposedofdifferentkindsofmetamorphicrockssuchascoesite anddiamo…     

冀北赤城榴辉岩的时间序列:来自锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄的证据

冀北赤城退变榴辉岩的原岩为兼具洋中脊和岛弧地球化学属性的拉斑玄武岩类,其变质演化经历了早期的榴辉岩相进变质,以及后期的麻粒岩相和角闪岩相退变质等阶段。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学研究表明,退变榴辉岩的原岩形成于438 Ma±,峰值榴辉岩相变质发生在355 Ma±,后期麻粒岩相和角闪岩相退变质年龄则分别为341 Ma±和322 Ma~326 Ma。冀北赤城退变榴辉岩演化时间序列的确定,对探讨华北克拉通北缘中段的大地构造演化具有十分重要的意义。     

Ultra-high-pressure metamorphism of carbonate rocks in the Dabie Mountains, central China

Abstract Widespread ultra-high-P assemblages including coesite, quartz pseudomorphs after coesite, aragonite, and calcite pseudomorphs after aragonite in marble, gneiss and phengite schist are present in the Dabie Mountains eclogite terrane. These assemblages indicate that the ultra-high-P metamorphic event occurred on a regional scale during Triassic collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons. Marble in the Dabie Mountains is interlayered with coesite-bearing eclogite and gneiss and as blocks of various size within gneiss. Discontinuous boudins of eclogite occur within marble layers. Marble contains an ultra-high-P assemblage of calcite/aragonite, dolomite, clinopyroxene, garnet, phengite, epidote, rutile and quartz/coesite. Coesite, quartz pseudomorphs after coesite, aragonite and calcite pseudomorphs after aragonite occur as fine-grained inclusions in garnet and omphacite. Phengites contain about 3.6 Si atoms per formula unit (based on 11 oxygens). Similar to the coesite-bearing eclogite, marble exhibits retrograde recrystallization under amphibolite–greenschist facies conditions generated during uplift of the ultra-high-P metamorphic terrane. Retrograde minerals are fine grained and replace coarse-grained peak metamorphic phases. The most typical replacements are: symplectic pargasitic hornblende + epidote after garnet, diopside + plagioclase (An₁₈) after omphacite, and fibrous phlogopite after phengite. Ferroan pargasite + plagioclase, and actinolite formed along grain boundaries between garnet and calcite, and calcite and quartz, respectively. The estimated peak P–T conditions for marble are comparable to those for eclogite: garnet–clinopyroxene geothermometry yields temperatures of 630–760°C; the garnet–phengite thermometer gives somewhat lower temperatures. The minimum pressure of peak metamorphism is 27 kbar based on the occurrence of coesite. Such estimates of ultra-high-P conditions are consistent with the coexistence of grossular-rich garnet + rutile, and the high jadeite content of omphacite in marble. The fluid for the peak metamorphism was calculated to have a very low X_CO2 (<0.03). The P–T conditions for retrograde metamorphism were estimated to be 475–550°C at <7 kbar.     

Transition of UHP eclogites to gneissic rocks of low-amphibolite facies during exhumation: evidence from the Dabie terrane, central China

The Shuanghe ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) slab in the Dabie Mountains consists of layered coesite-bearing eclogite, jadeite quartzite, marble and biotite gneiss, and is fault bounded against hosting orthogneiss. Representative assemblages of eclogite are Grt+Omp+Coe+Rt±Ky±Phn±Mgs; it formed at P>27 kbar and 680–720±50 °C. During exhumation, these UHP rocks experienced multistage retrograde metamorphism. Coesite was overprinted by quartz aggregates, phengite by biotite±muscovite and rutile by titanite. Garnet was successively replaced by a thin rim of Amp, Amp+Pl, and Amp+Ep±Bt+Pl (minor). Omphacite and kyanite were replaced by Amp+Pl±Cpx (or ±Bt) and by Zo+Pl+Ms±Mrg±Bt, respectively. Secondary calcite occurs as irregular pockets in some layers. An outcrop near the UHP slab border is composed of 20 thin, concordant layers of foliated eclogites, amphibolite and gneissic rocks of variable bulk composition. These layers exhibit mineral assemblages and textures transitional from less altered through extensively retrograded eclogite to gneissic rock of low-amphibolite facies through hydration, metasomatism and recrystallization. Retrograde metamorphism has caused oxygen and hydrogen isotope disequilibria between some of the minerals, but the fluid for retrograde reactions was internally buffered in the stable isotope compositions. Retrograde metamorphism of variable extent may be attributed to selective infiltration of retrograde fluids of CO₂-rich and low-salinity aqueous, intensity of deformation and mineral resistance to alteration. The fluid phase for retrogression may have occurred either as discontinuous flow along grain boundaries in completely retrograded eclogites, and/or as isolated pockets in extensive or less altered eclogite layers.     

桐柏造山带古元古代变质基性岩的锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

桐柏造山带位于秦岭和大别造山带之间,其北侧对应于北秦岭中高级变质杂岩,南侧对应于大别山高压/超高压变质杂岩.锆石U-Pb定年在一个榴辉岩中获得其原岩侵位年龄和锆石重结晶或生长年龄分别为(1961±23) Ma和(1949±51) Ma,在一个石榴角闪岩(退变榴辉岩？)中获得其变质年龄为(1936±26) Ma,表明这两种基性岩石在二叠-三叠纪高压变质之前经历了古元古代变质作用的影响.由桐柏—大别—苏鲁造山带可利用的年代学资料确定,扬子陆块北缘发育的古元古代构造热事件可分为两幕,第一幕发生在约1.97～1.93 Ga,可能与Columbia超大陆的聚合有关;第二幕发生在约1.85～1.82 Ga,或者代表Columbia超大陆汇聚的继续,或者是陆块边缘增生过程的结果.