湖北铜绿山矿床石英闪长岩的矿物学及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征

铜绿山是长江中下游鄂东南矿集区最重要的、大型夕卡岩型Cu-Fe(Au)矿床。本文对该矿区中与成矿密切的石英闪长岩进行了详细的矿物成分、地球化学及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素研究。结果表明:岩石中斜长石主要为更长石(An=21～31);角闪石贫Ti(0.2),高Mg/(Mg+Fe)(0.5),属于富镁角闪石;而黑云母为镁质黑云母。岩石的地球化学具有高硅(58.86%～67.71%),富碱(Na2O+K2O=5.67%～9.63%),富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE),并强亏损元素Nb、Ta、Ti等特征。岩石的(87Sr/86Sr)i为0.7055～0.7069,εNd(t)为-7.65～-3.44;(206Pb/204Pb)i=17.66～18.00,(207Pb/204Pb)i=15.49～15.56,(208Pb/204Pb)i=37.73～38.19。矿物成分、地球化学和同位素特征说明,铜绿山岩体与阳新岩体为同源岩浆的产物,源区为深度大于40km的富集地幔,经下地壳的混染及分离结晶作用形成。岩浆熔体形成的温度应大于889℃。角闪石和黑云母的温度计估算岩浆结晶温度分别为650～800℃和500～630℃,黑云母开始结晶温度略低于角闪石结晶结束温度,压力为1.49kbar,对应侵位深度约4.9km。岩浆具有利于Cu、Fe、Au等成矿元素进入熔体的条件,可能与板块俯冲作用相关。     

Metallogenic age and metallogenic dynamic setting of the Boziguoer super-large rare-rare earth metal deposit in Xinjiang: Insights from monazite U-Th-Pb dating and graphite Laser Raman spectroscopySCIEI北大核心CSCD

波孜果尔碱性岩型Nb-Ta-Rb-Zr-REE矿床位于塔里木克拉通北缘与南天山造山带的接合地段,是近年来在塔里木北缘碱性岩带中发现的规模最大的稀有-稀土综合性矿床。本文通过对含矿岩体中的独居石和晶质石墨包体开展成矿年代学和岩浆形成条件研究,结合含矿碱性岩全岩成分,揭示波孜果尔碱性岩型稀有-稀土金属矿床的岩石地球化学特征、晶质石墨对成岩/成矿的指示、稀土成矿时代和成矿动力学背景,并进一步总结区域成矿指示意义。研究发现,波孜果尔碱性岩以富含碱性暗色矿物(钠铁闪石和霓石)为特征,岩性以正长岩为主,有较高的稀土总量,富集轻稀土元素和高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th、U等),亏损重稀土元素和Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,显示强烈的负Eu异常。通过对晶质石墨的研究发现,不同岩相组中石墨的拉曼谱峰相似,显示具有较高的结晶程度,岩浆演化从细晶到伟晶阶段,石墨的无序度增大,可能与烧绿石和锆石等含放射性元素矿物增多使得辐射加强的影响有关。估算石墨的结晶温度介于700~800℃之间,其形成早于碱性岩浆,指示碱性岩浆早期为还原环境,晚期趋于氧化。独居石LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb结果显示波孜果尔稀土矿化时代约为280Ma,结合前人已获得的锆石U-Pb年龄,表明波孜果尔碱性岩浆活动时间从~290Ma到280Ma,持续了至少10Myr。进一步研究发现,从时间和空间上,波孜果尔含矿碱性岩所在的碱性岩带形成与塔里木地幔柱有关。地幔柱就位诱发被先前俯冲物质交代富集稀有-稀土元素和挥发性成分的岩石圈地幔低程度部分熔融形成富成矿元素的碱性岩母岩浆,随后在岩浆演化晚期富集成矿。     

芙蓉锡矿田骑田岭花岗岩黑云母矿物化学组成及其对锡成矿的指示意义

芙蓉锡矿田骑田岭复式岩体主要由早阶段角闪石黑云母花岗岩和晚阶段黑云母花岗岩组成.电子探针分析结果表明角闪石黑云母花岗岩中的黑云母属于铁黑云母,黑云母花岗岩中的黑云母属于铁叶云母.相对于黑云母花岗岩,角闪石黑云母花岗岩中黑云母的MgO、TiO2含量偏高,Al2O3含量偏低.矿物化学研究结果显示,角闪石黑云母花岗岩中黑云母的结晶温度、氧逸度(logfO2)分别为680℃～740℃、-16.00～-15.31,黑云母花岗岩中黑云母的结晶温度、氧逸度分别为530℃～650℃、-19.20～-17.50.从角闪石黑云母花岗岩到黑云母花岗岩,岩浆结晶温度和氧逸度逐渐降低.与花岗岩有关的共存流体性质的研究发现,与角闪石黑云母花岗岩共存的热液流体log(fH2O/fHF)fluid,log(fH2O/fHCl)fluid,log(fHF/fHCl)fiuid值分别为4.22～4.39,2.78～3.24,-1.82～-1.73,而与黑云母花岗岩共存的热液流体log(fH2O/fHF)fluid,log(fH2OfHCl)fluid,log(fHF/fHCl)fluid值分别为3.27～3.53,2.85～3.22,-0.75～-0.22,可见与两种岩石类型共存热液流体的性质存在明显差异,且热液中Cl、Sn含量变化与岩浆结晶分异指数呈正相关关系.骑田岭岩体从角闪石黑云母花岗岩到黑云母花岗岩,随着岩浆的演化.岩浆结晶期后分异出的热液流体向富Cl和Sn方向演化.芙蓉锡矿田的成矿流体应主要来源于黑云母花岗岩岩浆结晶期后分异出的岩浆热液.     

高温高压下花岗闪长质熔体的斜长石结晶作用实验研究

对花岗闪长质熔体在500MPa～2000MPa,650℃～750℃和一定水含量条件下结晶作用实验的结果表明,斜长石在500MPa和水饱和条件下的结晶温度为675℃,斜长石的结晶及其成分明显受温度、压力和熔体水含量影响。花岗闪长质熔体有斜长石结晶时残余熔体的SiO2含量高于无斜长石结晶的情况。花岗闪长质熔体发生角闪石、黑云母和斜长石结晶后的残余熔体在主量元素组成上与典型的A型花岗岩基本一致,也与初始物产地的A型花岗岩接近。因此,实验研究初步从主量元素上证明,东准噶尔A型花岗岩浆可以来源于花岗闪长质岩浆的分异结晶作用。     

东昆仑东段加鲁河中基性岩体环石英捕虏晶角闪石和黑云母矿物学特征及其对岩浆混合过程的约束

加鲁河中基性岩体位于东昆仑造山带东段,岩体边部岩浆混合作用明显,富含暗色环边石英,是研究岩浆混合作用的理想地质体。本文在详细岩石学研究基础上,对寄主岩(香加南山花岗岩基)-包体-包体捕虏晶-暗色环边石英的矿物(黑云母和角闪石)进行电子探针成分分析。研究表明,不同类型黑云母的Fe~(2+)/(Fe~(2+)+Mg)比值基本一致,介于0.53~0.59,寄主岩黑云母的MgO含量较低(8.06%~8.29%),包体捕虏晶-暗色环边的黑云母MgO含量较高(分别为9.38%~9.45%和9.25%~9.52%);不同类型角闪石的(Ca+AlⅣ)较高,大于0.5,寄主岩角闪石具有较高的FeO~T含量(20.27%~21.01%)和较低Mg#值(45~47);包体-包体捕虏晶-暗色环边的角闪石具有较低的FeO~T含量(分别为18.31%~19.49%、18.11%~18.90%和18.01%~18.43%)和较高的Mg#值(分别为50~54、52~53和55~60)。寄主岩的角闪石(为铁浅闪石)和黑云母(为铁质黑云母)具壳型特征;包体-包体捕虏晶-暗色环边的角闪石(为镁角闪石)和包体-暗色环边的黑云母(为镁质黑云母)具壳幔型特征。寄主岩和包体捕虏晶的角闪石具有近似的成分和结晶环境,显示包体与寄主岩间存在成分交换。早期富水岩浆有利于磁铁矿和钛铁矿结晶,使晚期结晶的暗色环边矿物(黑云母和角闪石)具有较高的MgO含量和较低的FeO~T含量,以及最低的结晶温度和压力。     

粤北扶溪岩体成因及时代:来自矿物化学、岩石地球化学及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄证据

分析了粤北扶溪地区花岗闪长岩角闪石、黑云母矿物化学组成,全岩岩石地球化学及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄。结果显示,花岗闪长岩中角闪石属镁角闪石,黑云母属镁质黑云母。岩石硅含量较高,w(SiO_2)为63.86%~66.19%;富碱,w(K_2O)为4.07%~4.71%,w(Na_2O)在2.42%~2.76%;铝质量分数中等,w(Al_2O_3)为14.27%~15.02%。稀土元素总量w(ΣREE)为183.22×10~(-6)~283.31×10~(-6),稀土元素配分模式右倾,中等强度负Eu异常(0.62~0.80),富集Rb、K、Th、Sr、Pb、Nd等大离子亲石元素,亏损Th、U、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(440.7±3.3)Ma(MSWD=2.4,n=18)。上述分析结果表明花岗闪长岩为I型花岗岩,是早志留世岩浆活动产物,岩浆主要来源于地壳物质的部分熔融,在温度777~802℃、压力316~442 MPa和氧逸度约lgf(O_2)=-14条件下侵位结晶。     

佛冈高分异I型花岗岩的成因:来自Nb-Ta-Zr-Hf等元素的制约

华南南岭地区发育有大面积的与钨锡成矿相关的侏罗纪花岗岩,然而其中有些花岗岩的成因类型却难以确定。本文以佛冈岩体为例,结合前人已发表数据,对佛冈花岗岩体中Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf等元素的迁移特征及其原理进行探讨,并对佛冈花岗岩的成因类型进行了厘定。随着分异程度增加,佛冈花岗岩Nb和Ta含量增加,Nb/Ta(3.6~15.3)和Zr/Hf(17.3~38.9)比值降低并发生分异。随着Zr含量的降低,佛冈花岗岩的Zr/Hf比值降低,这一特征表明锆石的分离结晶作用使得佛冈花岗岩的Zr/Hf比值分异。Nb/Ta比值分异可能与角闪石和黑云母的分离结晶作用有关。随着Nb/Ta比值降低,Y/Ho比值增加,这一特征表明佛冈花岗岩Nb/Ta比值的分异也和岩浆演化后期的流体有关。佛冈花岗岩不含原生的富铝矿物,为准铝质到弱过铝质岩石。随着分异程度增加,佛冈花岗岩P2O5含量降低,表明它不是S型花岗岩。随着Y/Ho比值增加和Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf比值降低,佛岗花岗岩Ga/Al和Fe OT/Mg O比值增加,从典型I型花岗岩特征演化到类似A型花岗岩的地球化学特征。因此,我们认为佛冈花岗岩不是A型花岗岩而是高分异的I型花岗岩。区域上与成矿相关的流体和花岗质岩浆的相互作用和分离结晶作用,使得华南南岭地区的花岗岩地球化学特征复杂,所以其成因类型也变的难以确定。     

新疆蒙其克辉长岩脉黑云母和角闪石矿物学特征及成因意义

蒙其克辉长岩脉位于玛因鄂博断裂带南缘,属喀拉通克岩体一部分。以蒙其克辉长岩脉中黑云母及角闪石为研究对象,在岩相学观察基础上,利用电子探针对岩体中黑云母和角闪石进行矿物成分分析,限定岩体形成的温压条件、岩浆氧逸度及含水量等结晶条件,探讨岩浆演化及成岩过程。数据显示,辉长岩脉中黑云母矿物Fe~(2+)/(Mg+Fe~(2+))变化范围为0.27～0.33,具富镁(Mg O=16.01%～17.45%)、富铝(Al_2O_3=14.35%～15.75%)、贫钛(Ti O_2=1.69%～2.57%)、贫钙(Ca O=0.19%～0.56%)特征,属镁质黑云母。角闪石矿物具富镁(Mg O=10.48%～15.15%)、富钙(Ca O=10.26%～11.90%)、贫钾(K_2O=0.39%～1.14%)及富钠(Na_2O/K_2O1.0)特征,属镁角闪石和浅闪石。通过电子探针分析黑云母及角闪石矿物化学成分,经化学式计算矿物结晶温度分别为646.97℃～707.82℃和766.27℃～902.38℃;成岩压力分别为147.84～220.87 MPa和85.0 1～297.40 MPa;侵位深度分别为5.59～8.35 km和3.21～11.24 km;氧逸度logf _(O2)分别为-18.54～-16.49和-13.00～-10.49;同时,角闪石结晶时熔体中含水量为5.26%～6.96%。矿物成分相关比值及图解反映成岩物质主要来源于壳幔混合源,为钙碱性岩浆,蒙其克辉长岩脉的形成与俯冲作用关系密切。     

海南岛燕山晚期典型侵入岩成因矿物学研究及其地质意义

分析了海南岛燕山晚期典型的屯昌岩体、千家岩体和保城岩体中的钾长石、斜长石、黑云母和角闪石的化学成分和成因特点。结果表明:(1)多数钾长石晶体的Or含量<90,具岩浆结晶成因特征。大部分斜长石属奥长石-中长石,An含量与岩石的SiO2成负相关关系,显示岩浆发生了较高程度的结晶分异作用。(2)黑云母为镁质黑云母,主要为岩浆结晶成因,部分为耐熔残余。角闪石均为钙质角闪石类,既有岩浆成因角闪石,也有次生交代成因角闪石,以相对贫铝、富镁、(Na+K)A低为显著特点。(3)岩体最终定位深度可能≤3.3km,温度≥750°C,具深源、高温、浅侵位特征。     

胶东白垩纪煌斑岩中单斜辉石再循环晶的识别及其地质意义

穿地壳岩浆系统理念的提出为认知岩浆岩的形成机制提供了一个新的窗口。在穿地壳岩浆系统内,深层次岩浆储库结晶的矿物(例如辉石、角闪石、斜长石等)可通过通道向上运移至浅层次的岩浆储库,该过程可导致这些矿物的熔蚀、流体交代或再生长。上述矿物属于再循环晶,它们保留的成分环带信息可忠实地记录岩浆环境的变化。本文以华北克拉通东南缘胶北早白垩世丛家岩体(-127Ma)内产出的闪斜-拉辉煌斑岩为主要研究对象。这些钙碱性煌斑岩中常见不同结构和成分特征的单斜辉石再循环晶,它们保存了多级岩浆储库的相关信息。丛家煌斑岩包括一系列中基性煌斑岩,形成一个煌斑岩岩石组合具有轻重稀土元素分异明显((La/Yb)_N=14.2～28.1)的特征。在原始地幔标准化微量元素蜘蛛图上丛家煌斑岩表现出亏损Nb、Ta、P和Ti,而富集Ba、Pb、Sr和Nd等元素的特征。本文在丛家煌斑岩中识别出了两类单斜辉石"再循环晶"即正环带单斜辉石和振荡环带单斜辉石。正环带辉石核部Mg~#值为86.0～94.9,稀土元素总含量偏低,亏损HREE;部分核部具筛状结构,筛孔填充物富集大离子亲石元素,并表现出Cr-Ni元素的解耦,显示与流体交代作用有关。正环带辉石边部具振荡环带特征,反映了晶体在震荡环境中的再生长。再生长辉石环带的Mg~#值为78.9～89.1稀土元素总含量较高,但其分配趋势与核部相似,富集Th等元素,亏损Nb、Pb、P。振荡环带辉石的Mg~#值为82.3～89.4,化学成分特征与正环带辉石边部相近。丛家煌斑岩中的角闪石可分为低硅角闪石和高硅角闪石。低硅角闪石的SiO_2含量偏低(38.2%～40.1%),Mg~#值为72.0～82.4,结晶于较高的温压环境(976±22℃～1024+22℃,5.72～10.9kbar)。高硅角闪石的SiO_2含量较高(40.3%～44.3%)Mg~#值为70.9～83.0,结晶于相对低的温压环境(872±22℃～947±22℃,3.06～4.43kbar)。本研究认为,丛家煌斑岩中的单斜辉石再循环晶在不同层次岩浆储库内发生了熔蚀、流体交代或再生长,指示了深部岩浆系统是由多级岩浆储库构成的。     

Nb-Ta-Ti-W-Sn-oxide minerals as indicators of a peraluminous P- and F-rich granitic system evolution: Podlesí, Czech Republic

Summary The strongly peraluminous, P- and F-rich granitic system at Podlesí in the Krušné Hory Mountains, Czech Republic, resembles the zonation of rare element pegmatites in its magmatic evolution (biotite → protolithionite → zinnwaldite granites). All granite types contain disseminated Nb-Ta-Ti-W-Sn minerals that crystallized in the following succession: rutile + cassiterite (in biotite granite), rutile + cassiterite → ferrocolumbite (in protolithionite granite) and ferrocolumbite → ixiolite → ferberite (in zinnwaldite granite). Textural features of Nb-Ta-Ti-W minerals indicate a pre-dominantly magmatic origin with only minor post-magmatic replacement phenomena. HFSE remained in the residual melt during the fractionation of the biotite granite. An effective separation of Nb + Ta into the melt and Sn into fluid took place during subsequent fractionation of the protolithionite granite, and the tin-bearing fluid escaped into the exocontact. To the contrast, W contents are similar in both protolithionite and zinnwaldite granites. Although the system was F-rich, only limited Mn-Fe and Ta-Nb fractionation appeared. Enrichment of Mn and Ta was suppressed due to foregoing crystallization of Mn-rich apatite and relatively low Li content, respectively. The content of W in columbite increases during fractionation and enrichment in P and F in the melt. Ixiolite (up to 1 apfu W) instead of columbite crystallized from the most fluxes-enriched portions of the melt (unidirectional solidification textures, late breccia).     

Genesis of the Katugin rare-metal ore deposit: Magmatism versus metasomatism

Arguments in favor of magmatic or metasomatic genesis of the Katugin rare-metal ore deposit are discussed. The geological and mineralogical features of the deposit confirm its magmatic origin: (1) the shape of the ore-bearing massif and location of various types of granites (biotite, biotite–amphibole, amphibole, and amphibole–aegirine); (2) the geochemical properties of the massif rocks corresponding to A type granite (high alkali content (up to 12.3% Na₂O + K₂O), extremely high FeO/MgO ratio (f = 0.96–1.00), very high content of the most incoherent elements (Rb, Li, Y, Zr, Hf, Ta, Nb, Th, U, Zn, Ga, and REE) and F, and low concentrations of Ca, Mg, Al, P, Ba, and Sr); (3) Fe–F-rich rock-forming minerals; (4) no previously proposed metasomatic zoning and regular replacement of rock-forming minerals corresponding to infiltration fronts of metasomatism. The similar ages of the barren (2066 ± 6 Ma) and ore-bearing (2055 ± 7 Ma) granites along with the features of the ore mineralization speak in favor of the origin of the ore at the magmatic stage of the massif’s evolution. The nature of the ore occurrence and the relationships between the ore minerals support their crystallization from F-rich aluminosilicate melt and also under melt liquation into aluminosilicate and fluoride (and/or aluminofluoride) fractions.     

藏南拿日雍措片麻岩穹窿淡色花岗岩稀有金属的富集

拿日雍措穹窿(错那洞穹窿)位于北喜马拉雅穹窿的东部,穹隆内花岗岩种类较多,有淡色花岗岩、含石榴子石淡色花岗岩、片理化淡色花岗岩、含石榴子石和含绿柱石伟晶岩.这些花岗岩为经历了斜长石、锆石、独居石、磷灰石、富Ti矿物等分离结晶作用而形成的高度演化花岗岩,相对于维氏世界花岗岩平均值,富集Bi、Cs、Li、Sn、Be、Pb、B、W、Ta等稀有金属成矿元素,略贫Nb元素.同时,围岩也相对富集稀有金属元素.全岩地球化学分析表明,引起拿日雍措穹隆淡色花岗岩富集稀有金属成矿元素的因素是分离结晶作用和热液交代作用.高度演化淡色花岗岩在喜马拉雅造山带广泛分布,铌铁矿、钽铁矿、锡石和绿柱石等稀有金属矿物已在多处露头被识别,暗示了喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩是未来稀有金属矿产勘探的重要靶区.     

Bristen granite: a highly differentiated,fluorite-bearing A-type granite from the Aar massif,Central Alps,Switzerland

Bristen granite is a body of fine-grained leucogranite occurring in the Gotthard rail base tunnel in the Central Alps. During construction of the tunnel, Bristen granite (Brgr) has been drilled along a 600 m long section. The aplite-granite belongs to the suite of Variscan granitoid intrusions of the Aar massif and contains a variety of accessory minerals typical of highly differentiated granites. Rock forming fluorite, partly enriched in yttrium (Y) and rare earth elements (REE), is intergrown with the late Y- and REE-bearing carbonate mineral synchysite. The granite contains a variety of Ti- and Y-REE-niobates, thorite, and zircon. Compared with the calc-alkaline central Aar granite (cAgr), Bristen granite is strongly depleted in Ti, P, Mg, Sr, and Ba and shows a remarkable enrichment in incompatible elements such as Rb, Th, U, Nb, Y, HREE and F. Bristen granite is the most evolved granitoid rock of the Aar massif. The composition of Brgr is typical of post-collisional reduced (ferroan) A-type granites. The Brgr melt formed in the lower crust and crystallized from a highly differentiated melt at the cotectic point in the quartz-feldspar system close to 100 MPa and 700 °C. The Brgr intruded as a small isolated stock pre-Variscan gneisses with sharply discordant contacts. The primary igneous host of Nb, Ta, Y, U, Th and REE is biotite in addition to minor amounts of allanite, and zircon. The presence of Y-REE-fluorite, synchysite, parisite and Y- and Ti-niobates and other REE-minerals can be related to reaction of igneous biotite and primary fluorite with hydrothermal fluids. The reaction is associated with alpine metamorphism, because Y-bearing fluorite and synchysite have been reported from Alpine fissures. The transformation of primary biotite to chlorite and muscovite released the heavy metal oxides under lower greenschist facies conditions that formed the Alpine diagnostic mineral stilpnomelane at about 300 °C.     

Cryptic sediment-hosted critical element mineralization from eastern Yunnan Province,southwestern China: Mineralogy,geochemistry, relationship to Emeishan alkaline magmatism and possible origin

A previous study briefly described the occurrence of a new type of Nb(Ta)-Zr(Hf)-REY-Ga (REY: rare earth elements and yttrium) polymetallic mineralization in eastern Yunnan, southwest China. In this paper, the mineralogical and geochemical features have been further advanced through a study of two regionally extensive and relatively flat-lying mineralized layers from No. XW drill core. The layers are clay-altered volcanic ash and tuffaceous clay, and are dominated by clay minerals (mixed layer illite/smectite, kaolinite, berthierine, and chamosite); with lesser amounts of quartz and variable amounts of anatase, siderite and calcite; along with trace pyrite, barite, zircon, ilmenite, galena, chalcopyrite, and REE-bearing minerals. The mineralized samples have higher Al₂O₃/TiO₂ values (13.7–41.4) and abundant rare metal elements (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, REE, Ga, Th, and U) whereas less mineralized samples are rich in V, Cr, Co, and Ni and have lower Al₂O₃/TiO₂ values (2.32–7.67). The mineralized samples also have strong negative δEu in chondrite-normalized REE patterns. Two processes are most likely responsible for the geochemical and mineralogical anomalies of the mineralized samples: airborne volcanic ash and multi-stage injection of low-temperature hydrothermal fluids. Based on paragenetic analysis, this polymetallic mineralization is derived from the interaction between alkaline volcanic ashes and subsequent percolation of low-temperature fluids. The intense and extensive alkaline volcanism of the early Late Permian inferred from this study possibly originated from the coeval Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP). This unique Nb(Ta)-Zr(Hf)-REE-Ga mineralization style has significant economic and geological potential for the study of mineralization of the lowest Xuanwei Formation.     

塔里木巴楚小海子正长岩杂岩体的岩石成因探讨

巴楚小海子正长岩杂岩体是二叠纪塔里木大火成岩省的重要组成部分.SIMS锆石U-Pb定年显示其形成于279.7±2.0Ma,与本区辉绿岩脉和石英正长斑岩岩脉近于同时侵位.根据矿物学特征,小海子正长岩体可分为铁橄榄石正长岩和角闪正长岩两类.前者主要由碱性长石、铁橄榄石、单斜辉石、角闪石和少量石英、斜长石组成,后者主要由碱性长石、角闪石、黑云母和少量的石英、斜长石组成.小海子正长岩体为铁质、碱性系列,轻稀土相对富集,重稀土亏损,具有明显的Eu正异常,无Nb、Ta负异常,相对低的(87Sr/86Sr);(0.7033 ～0.7038)和正的εNd(t)值(+3.1～+3.8),暗示它们来自亏损的地幔源区,没有地壳物质的加入.主微量和同位素地球化学分析,暗示巴楚小海子正长岩的母岩浆为碱性的幔源玄武质岩浆经橄榄石、单斜辉石分离结晶后的残余熔体,并且含有堆晶的碱性长石.这种含有碱性长石堆晶的熔体,在相对还原的条件下结晶,形成铁橄榄石正长岩;在相对氧化的条件下结晶,并经过不同程度斜长石的分离结晶形成角闪正长岩.     

辽宁省丹东地区“前震旦纪”侵入岩的锆石U-Pb 年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

本文对辽东南丹东地区部分原定前震旦纪侵入岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究,以便对其岩石成因和区域构造演化给予制约.详细的岩石学和岩相学研究表明,四个侵入岩体岩性分别为二长花岗岩、角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩、黑云母二长花岗岩和角闪辉长岩.所选样品中锆石均呈半自形-自形晶形、阴极发光图像显示具有成分生长环带或条痕状吸收特点,结合其高的Th/U比值(0.53 ～2.40)和亏损轻稀土元素(LREEs)、相对富集重稀土元素(HREEs)以及负Eu异常和正Ce异常等特征,表明其典型岩浆成因特点.锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,它们均形成于早白垩世(峰期为126Ma).岩石学和地球化学分析结果显示,研究区早白垩世侵入岩具有双峰式岩浆作用特点,其中花岗质岩石SiO2=66.99％～73.13％,K2O=3.52％～4.67％,K2O/Na2O=1.01～1.43,MgO=0.45％～2.61％,Mg#值为29～56,Al2O3=13.97％ ～ 14.92％,富集LREEs和大粒子亲石元素(LILEs),亏损HREEs和高场强元素(HFSEs),暗示其具有I型花岗岩特点,岩浆应起源于下地壳的部分熔融;而角闪辉长岩SiO2=50.22％,MgO=10.61％,Mg#值为69,Cr(196×10-6)、Co(44.8×10-6)、Ni(73.4×10-6)含量较高,富集LREEs和LILEs,亏损HREEs和Nb、Ta、Ti等HFSEs,暗示其岩浆应起源于受俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔楔.结合区域地质资料表明,辽东南丹东地区早白垩世侵入岩应形成于类似弧后盆地的伸展环境,其形成应与古太平洋板块北西向向欧亚大陆之下的俯冲作用相联系.     

Trace element geochemistry of scheelite and rutile from metaturbidite-hosted quartz vein gold deposits, Meguma Terrane, Nova Scotia, Canada: genetic implications

Scheelite and rutile from several metaturbidite-hosted gold-bearing quartz vein deposits of the Meguma Terrane of Nova Scotia were analyzed for trace elements including rare earth elements, niobium and tantalum. Scheelites have high concentrations of Sr, Nb, Y and rare earth elements (REE) with bell-shaped chondrite-normalized REE patterns accompanied by both positive and negative Eu anomalies. They also have high Nb/Ta ratios (80–300). Three distinct trace element types of the scheelites are interpreted to reflect chemical differences in the pulses of hydrothermal fluids. Hydrothermal rutiles have high contents of W (up to 4.2 wt.% WO₃), are rich in Ta compared to Nb and have a very low Nb/Ta ratio (~0.3). Hydrothermal fluids which produced both scheelite with a high Nb/Ta and rutile with a low Nb/Ta ratio are an efficient medium for fractionation of this ratio although these two minerals play an important role during the process.     

The key role of mica during igneous concentration of tantalum

Igneous rocks with high Ta concentrations share a number of similarities such as high Ta/Nb, low Ti, LREE and Zr concentrations and granitic compositions. These features can be traced through fractionated granitic series. Formation of Ta-rich melts begins with anatexis in the presence of residual biotite, followed by magmatic crystallization of biotite and muscovite. Crystallization of biotite and muscovite increases Ta/Nb and reduces the Ti content of the melt. Titanium-bearing oxides such as rutile and titanite are enriched in Ta and have the potential to deplete Ta at early stages of fractionation. However, mica crystallization suppresses their saturation and allows Ta to increase in the melt. Saturation with respect to Ta and Nb minerals occurs at the latest stages of magmatic crystallization, and columbite can originate from recrystallization of mica. We propose a model for prediction of intrusion fertility for Ta.