广州市白云山片麻状花岗岩成因及构造意义

华南板块内部广泛分布的早古生代片麻状花岗岩的形成究竟是与大洋板块俯冲有关,还是与陆内挤压碰撞有关,存在激烈争议.本文对广州市白云山风景名胜区内的片麻状花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩主量元素和微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素和锆石Hf-O同位素地球化学研究,结果表明:白云山片麻状花岗岩形成于晚奥陶-早志留世(444±6 Ma).白云山片麻状花岗岩含有原生白云母和黑云母,并且具有高的SiO2,Al2O3和低的MgO含量(SiO2=74.8％～80.4％,Al2O3=9.64％～12.7％,MgO=0.46％～0.61％).白云山片麻状花岗岩的稀土总量相对较低,变化于44～173μg/g之间,具有轻稀土相对富集的右倾分布模式,同时具有中-强的Eu负异常(Eu*=0.27～0.63).白云山片麻状花岗岩富集Rb、Th、U和Pb,亏损Ba、Sr、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和Ti.白云山片麻状花岗岩具有富集的全岩Nd和锆石Hf同位素组成(εNd(t)=-12.1～-7.88;εHf(t)=-10.8～-2.63)以及高的锆石O同位素组成(δ18O=8.06‰～11.4‰).岩相学和地球化学特征表明白云山片麻状花岗岩主要起源于地壳变质沉积岩的部分熔融.结合区域地质和白云山片麻状花岗岩的地球化学特征,提出白云山片麻状花岗岩最有可能形成于早古生代陆内挤压造山的构造背景.     

西藏类乌齐片麻状黑云二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学特征及地质意义

利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年技术,对藏东他念他翁山类乌齐地区侵入吉塘岩群恩达岩组片麻状黑云二长花岗岩进行测年,获得岩浆结晶年龄为(235.7±0.68)Ma(中三叠世),为藏东他念他翁山地区印支运动提供地质记录。岩石地球化学分析表明,片麻状黑云二长花岗岩SiO2含量为74.02%~77.47%,(K2O+Na2O)-SiO2图解中落入亚碱性花岗岩区,FeOT/MgO-SiO2图解中落入钙碱性区域,SiO2-FeOT/(FeOT+MgO)图解中落入铁质区。A/CNK指数为1.41,属过铝质高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩。稀土分布模式为轻稀土富集的右倾曲线,Eu具明显负异常(δEu=0.05~0.35)。微量元素表现出Ba,Sr,Zr,Hf亏损,Rb,Th,U相对富集特征。据CaO/Na2O比值、Rb-Sr-Ba含量变化及地球化学特征,该岩体形成于上地壳,源岩为泥质岩石花岗质岩浆。结合地球化学特征及区域地质背景认为,藏东他念他翁山地区侵入恩达岩组片麻状黑云二长花岗岩属S型花岗岩,形成于后碰撞地球动力学环境。     

两广交界地区壶垌片麻状复式岩体的年代学和地球化学：对云开地块北缘早古生代构造-岩浆作用的启示

本文对两广交界地区发育的壶垌片麻状复式岩体进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石学、地球化学、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素的分析研究。该复式岩体主要由片麻状英云闪长岩、片麻状花岗闪长岩和片麻状二长花岗岩组成,获得片麻状花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为443.1±2.0Ma。其中片麻状英云闪长岩和片麻状花岗闪长岩总体具有较低硅(SiO2=62.92%~67.54%)、较低碱(K2O+Na2O=3.98%~5.17%)、准铝质(A/CNK=0.83~0.93)的化学组成特征,属于中钾含角闪石钙碱性花岗岩类(ACG);而片麻状二长花岗岩具有高硅(SiO2=71.55%~72.78%)、高碱(K2O+Na2O=6.65%~7.57%)、准铝-弱过铝质(A/CNK=0.92~1.05)的化学组成特征,属于高钾钙碱性花岗岩类(KCG)。岩石表现出富集大离子亲石元素(如U、Ba、Rb和Th)和轻稀土元素,而Nb、Ta和Ti等高场强元素和重稀土元素明显亏损,并具有较高的锶同位素初始比值((87Sr/86Sr)i=0.71268~0.71482)和较低的εNd(t)值(-9.4~-2.6),反映其具有俯冲消减作用形成的岛弧岩浆岩地球化学特征。结合区域地质特征分析认为,壶垌片麻状复式岩体很可能是在扬子板块和华夏板块之间的洋壳岩石圈向南俯冲的地球动力学背景下,引发软流圈地幔上涌,其所带来的热能诱发了岩石圈地幔和上覆云开地块的古老地壳物质重熔,形成以壳源为主的壳幔混源母岩浆,再经历不同程度分离结晶作用,从而形成了本区大陆边缘弧型岩浆岩。因此,壶垌片麻状复式岩体是云开地块北缘早古生代洋陆俯冲-碰撞的地质记录。     

秦岭造山带中部两河口岩体花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及地质意义

北秦岭两河口岩体位于太白地区,侵位于秦岭群杂岩中,主要岩性为眼球状花岗岩、片麻状花岗岩和二长花岗岩。 本文研究的眼球状花岗岩和片麻状花岗岩的结晶年龄分别为928±19 Ma 和940±12 Ma,岩石中还保留古元古代至中元古代的 继承锆石。眼球状花岗岩含有富铝矿物石榴子石和白云母。岩石的A/CNK 多大于1.1,具有高Si、富铝的特征,属于高钾钙 碱性系列。岩石轻、重稀土分馏明显,具有中等负Eu 异常。岩石富集大离子亲石元素（Rb, Ba, K 等）、亏损高场强元素 （Nb, Ta, Ti 等）,具有明显的Ba, P, Sr 负异常。矿物学和地球化学特征显示眼球状花岗岩和片麻状花岗岩为S 型花岗岩。两河 口岩体初始Sr 同位素组成变化大,87Sr/86Sr(t)=0.701067~0.739451,具有较低的εNd(t)=-5.7~-3.3, 两阶段Nd 模式年龄为TDM2= 1.9~2.1 Ga。样品具有高的放射成因Pb 同位素组成,指示两河口岩体是壳源成因岩石,其源岩可能为秦岭群斜长角闪岩和 片麻岩。结合区域地质背景,认为两河口岩体源于新元古代陆壳碰撞晚期的构造转换阶段古老中下地壳的熔融作用,是对 Rodinia 超大陆汇聚事件的响应。     

西藏冈底斯带中南部与俯冲有关的早侏罗世花岗闪长岩:锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学证据

肖打松多花岗闪长岩位于西藏冈底斯花岗岩带中段以南,主要岩石类型有:细中粒黑云母(角闪石)花岗闪长岩、细中粒含斑黑云母(角闪石)花岗闪长岩、细中粒斑状黑云母(角闪石)花岗闪长岩,岩石具钙碱性特征,w(SiO2)=61.58％～72.16％,w(K2O)/w(Na2O) =0.64～1.15,相对富钠,A/CNK=1.25...     

东昆仑丘吉东沟地区泥盆纪花岗岩的成因机制及其对原特提斯造山作用的启示

东昆仑造山带发育巨量显生宙花岗岩,记录了特提斯造山作用的岩浆—构造演化过程.本次研究以东昆仑丘吉东沟地区泥盆纪花岗岩体为研究对象,开展系统的岩石学、年代学和地球化学研究,厘定其成因类型,揭示岩石成因及其对原特提斯造山作用的启示.丘吉东沟花岗岩体由斑状花岗闪长岩组成,岩体内发育暗色微粒包体.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学分析显示,斑状花岗闪长岩形成于382.7±3.6 Ma,判定其为中泥盆世岩浆活动的产物,岩石具有富硅(w(SiO2)= 66.80％～73.15％)、富碱(w(K2O+Na2O)=7.07％～8.50％)和低铝(A/CNK=0.88～0.97)的特征,属于准铝质高钾钙碱性岩石.岩石的w(MgO)和w(FeO)分别为0.74％～1.77％和2.13％～4.98％,具有变化范围较大的Mg#值(21～50).岩石富集Zr,Nb,Ce和Y等高场强元素(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y=330～540X10-6),亏损Ba,Sr,P,Ti和Eu等元素.岩石的稀土分配模式呈右倾的"海鸥式"特征,具有显著的负Eu异常(8Eu=0.12～0.35)和较高的10 000 * Ga/Al比值(2.65～3.72),属于典型的A型花岗岩.构造判别图解指示岩石具有A2型花岗岩特征,形成于后碰撞伸展构造环境.综合分析表明,丘吉东沟泥盆纪A型花岗岩起源于低压高温条件下长英质地壳的部分熔融,具有一定的岩浆混合印记,其成因背景与东昆仑原特提斯域碰撞后伸展作用相关.     

新疆奇台县黄羊山岩浆热液型石墨矿床含矿岩体年代学与地球化学特征

黄羊山石墨矿床位于新疆东准噶尔卡拉麦里造山带,是近年来我国发现并初步探明的一个超大型岩浆热液型石墨矿床。石墨矿体主要赋存于黄羊山碱性花岗岩体内,矿石具独特的球状构造,其成因机制还不清楚。本文对该矿床含石墨碱性花岗岩进行了详细的岩石学、年代学及地球化学研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明:(1)号和(2)号石墨矿体含石墨碱性花岗岩的年龄分别为303.6±4.0Ma和304.6±3.7Ma,其成岩成矿时代均为晚石炭世晚期。岩石地球化学研究表明,含石墨碱性花岗岩具有高硅(SiO_2=74.26%~79.07%)、富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=8.69%~8.92%)、贫钙(CaO=0.11%~0.90%)、低钛(TiO_2=0.07%~0.25%)等特征,均属高钾钙碱性过铝质花岗岩。岩石富集Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素及Nb、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,强烈亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti等元素,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾"V"字形,具明显的负Eu异常,与A型花岗岩特征一致。依据微量元素比值及相关判别图,含石墨花岗岩在成因类型上属于A2型花岗岩,形成于后碰撞构造环境,可能为壳幔混合岩浆沿卡拉麦里深大断裂上升侵位过程中同化混染石炭纪含碳地层,形成具球状构造特征的岩浆热液型石墨矿床。     

粤北黄岗镇侧塘早志留世具似大陆弧特征S型花岗岩成因及地质意义

研究区位于武夷—云开陆内造山带上.侧塘岩体岩性主要是片麻状中细粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb锆石加权平均年龄为(441.5±13)Ma,表明片麻状花岗岩侵位时代为早志留世.岩体K2O/Na2O大于1.1(K2O/Na2O=1.10～3.52,个别为22.38),铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为1.26～3.49,属高钾钙碱性强过铝花岗岩.岩石总体上富集Rb、Th、U、K、Pb、Nd等,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti等,明显富集轻稀土元素[(La/Yb)N=5.18～10.62],具有较强的负Eu异常(δEu=0.52～0.60),具似大陆弧特征.锆石Hf同位素研究结果表明,εHf(t)=–1.3～ –12.5,其平均值为–5.82.两阶段模式年龄(TDM2)主要为1502～2228 Ma(n=10),平均值为1794.8 Ma.这些地球化学特征指示片麻状花岗岩为S型花岗岩.武夷—云开陆内造山早期挤压造山造成强烈褶皱和逆冲推覆,导致地壳加厚,并诱发下地壳古—中元古代砂泥质麻粒岩相源岩发生部分熔融而形成侧塘岩体.     

滇东南老城坡片麻状花岗岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年龄及其意义

为探讨中越边境Song Chay穹窿中片麻状花岗岩的形成及演化,对穹窿北端的老城坡片麻状花岗岩进行了年代学和地球化学研究。结果表明,老城坡片麻状花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为415.4±5.2Ma,属于过铝质高钾钙碱性S型花岗岩,Si O2含量为73.48%~77.16%,全碱含量较高(K2O+Na2O=7.40%~7.86%),K2O/N2O=0.99~1.75(均值为1.301),铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为1.01~1.14。大离子亲石元素K和Rb相对富集,Ba、Sr亏损明显;高场强元素Th、U、Hf相对富集,Ti、Nb亏损,其中Ti强烈亏损。结合区域地质背景初步推断,岩浆源岩可能来自早期地壳物质部分熔融的产物;广西运动时期云开地体与桂滇—北越地体发生碰撞,导致老城坡岩体侵位于华南褶皱带。     

扬子地台西缘淌塘花岗岩的地球化学特征及锆石U-Pb定年

淌塘花岗岩岩体位于扬子地台西缘,岩石类型为钾长花岗岩.为了揭示其成因意义,本文对淌塘花岗岩体进行了SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年和地球化学研究.地球化学及岩石学研究的结果显示淌塘花岗岩具有高硅(SiO2=72.70％～77.95％)、高碱(ALK=5.68％ ～7.32％)、过铝质(ASI =1.41～ 1.78)的特征,K2O/Na2O平均值为1.18,CaO、MgO含量偏低,其岩石系列为高钾钙碱性系列,属于强过铝质S型花岗岩,其稀土元素含量偏低且轻重稀土元素差异较大(LREE/HREE=2.71 ～4.09),部分微量元素的含量显著区别于地壳平均值.锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果获得其成岩年龄为1 063.2±6.9 Ma,属于格林威尔造山期运动产物.地球化学研究表明该花岗岩是由地壳中的泥质岩经过部分熔融形成的,其双峰式的岩浆岩组合模式和Al2O3 - SiO2构造环境判别图的投图结果均显示该花岗岩的形成与裂谷环境密切相关,这与1.0Ga时扬子地台西缘的大地构造背景相呼应,其形成也对应了Rodinia超大陆的汇聚事件.     

O,H,and Sr isotope evidence for origin and mixing processes of the Gudui geothermal system,Himalayas,China

Tho Gudui geothermal field records the highest temperature at equivalent borehole depths among the lainland hydrothermal systems in mainland China.Located about 150 km southeast of Lhasa City,the capital of Tibet,the Gudui geothermal field belongs to the Sangri-Cuona rift belt,also known as the Sangri-Cuona geothermal belt,and is representative of the non-volcanic geothermal systems in the Himalayas.In this study,oxygen-18 and deuterium isotope compositions as well as ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios of water samples collected from the Gudui geothermal field were characterized to understand the origin and mixing processes of the geothermal fluids at Gudui.Hydrogen and oxygen isotope plots show both,deep and shallow reservoirs in the Gudui geothermal field.Deep geothermal fluids are the mixing product of magmatic and infiltrating snow-melt water.Calculations show that the magma fluid component of the deep geothermal fluids account for about 21.10%-24.04%;magma fluids lay also be a contributing source of lithium.The linear relationship of the ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr isotopic ratio versus the 1/Sr plot indicates that shallow geothermal fluids form from the mixing of deep geothermal fluids with cold groundwater.Using a binary mixing model with deep geothermal fluid and cold groundwater as two end-members,the nixing ratios of the latter in most surface hot springs samples were calculated to be between 5% and 10%.Combined with basic geological characteristics,hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics,strontium concentration,~(87)Sr/(86)Sr ratios,and the binary mixing model,we infer the 6 th-Class Reservoirs Evolution Conceptual Model(6-CRECM) for the Gudui geothermal system.This model represents an idealized summary of the characteristics of the Gudui geothermal field based on our comprehensive understanding of the origin and mixing processes of the geothermal fluid in Gudui.This study may aid in identifying the geothermal and geochemical origin of the Gudui high-temperature hydrothermal systems in remote Tibet of China,whose potential for geothermal development and utilization is enormous and untapped.     

内蒙古白乃庙地区绿片岩和花岗闪长斑岩的钕和锶同位素研究

白乃庙群主要分布在内蒙古白乃庙－谷那乌苏一带。这套岩层与毗邻的侵入体不仅是白乃庙－温都尔庙构造岩浆带的重要组成部分，而且赋存有一系列铜（金）和金矿床（点）。长期以来，由于缺乏可信的年龄数据，一般认为：白乃庙群绿片岩和侵入岩体均属奥陶－志留纪￣［１］。据最新资料，白乃庙群绿片岩锆石铀－铅年龄为１１３０±１６Ｍａ￣［２］属中元古代。查明绿片岩和侵入岩体的物质来源和形成机制，对于了解华北板块北缘内蒙古中南段的构造。岩浆演化，确定岩浆活动与金属成矿作用关系具有重要意义。笔者对白乃庙群绿片岩和花岗闪长斑岩进行了Ｎｄ和Ｓｒ同位素研究。并且对它们的形成时代和成因提出了一些新的看法。     

古昆虫学的发展、存在问题与展望

对国际古昆虫学的发展作了回顾，大体上将其分为两个大的发展阶段；开始与积累阶段，发展和繁荣阶段。这两个阶段又可分为8个时期。在古昆虫学的发展史上曾有过3次历史性的重要总结。即Handlirsch A(1906-1908）的《Die Fossil Insketen und die Phylogenie der rezenten Formen》，Rohdemdorf b.b.et al(1962)的《Foundamentals of Paleonentomology》,Carpenter F.A(1992)的《Hexapoda》，以及各国区域性昆虫化石研究和以分类为核心的总结，等等。通过国际古昆虫工作者的共同努力。一部分类为核心的古昆虫学专著基本完成。在国际古昆虫学及中国古昆虫学研究新成就的基础上，提出了古昆虫学研究中还存在的一些问题；如加强基础研究工作，包括化石采集、分类、描述；古昆虫学研究与地质学、地质背景相结合；化石昆虫群的演化及其发展史的建立：昆虫的起源；加强国际合作与交流，崇尚科学精神，促进学科发展等。     

贵州施秉县旅游资源合理开发利用问题的探讨

基于对贵州省施秉县旅游资源的实地调查，首先对该县的旅游资源进行了总体评价，其次指出了该县旅游资源开发利用中存在的问题，最后对该县合理开发利用旅游资源提出了若干建议和对策。     

Fluid Inclusions and C,H, O,S, and Pb Isotopic Compositions of the Dabaoshan Cu Polymetallic Deposit,Northern Guangdong Province,South China

The Dabaoshan deposit in Northern Guangdong Province, South China, is a Cu–Mo–W–Pb–Zn polymetallic deposit, located in the southern part of the Qin–Hang porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo ore belt. The deposit mainly comprises porphyry Mo and stratiform skarn Cu ore deposits. The genesis of the Cu ore deposit has been ascribed to a typical skarn ore deposit formed by the metasomatism of Devonian carbonate rock layers or to a volcanic rock‐hosted massive sulfide deposit formed by marine exhalation. In this paper, we report on the homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions and C, H, O, S, and Pb isotopic compositions of fluids and minerals in this deposit. Homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions in garnet, diopside, quartz, and calcite provide information on the skarnification, mineralization, and postmineralization stages. The data show that ore‐forming fluids experienced a continuous transition from high temperatures and salinities to low temperatures and salinities over the entire period of mineralization. C, H, and O isotopic compositions indicate that ore‐forming fluids were derived mainly from magmatic water. O isotopic compositions indicate that ore‐forming fluids mingled with atmospheric water during the last stage of mineralization. Sulfur in the ore came mainly from deep magmatic sources. Pb isotopic compositions in the orebody show that almost all the lead in the ore was derived from magma with a crustal source. Combined geological, geophysical, and geochemical data were achieved before we proposed that the Dabaoshan porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo–W–Pb–Zn deposit, as one member of the Qin–Hang porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo ore belt, formed during the Jurassic subduction of the paleo‐Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian continent at quite low angle. NE‐ and EW‐trending structures controlled the emplacement of magmatic rocks in the South China region. In the mining area, the Xiangguanping Fault and its branches were the main conduits for magmatic crystallization and mineralization. The many subfaults, folds, and interlayer fracture zones on both sides of the main fault provided the requisite space for the ore and, together, were the controlling structures of the orebody.     

Fluid Inclusion,H-O,S, Pb and noble gas isotope studies of the Aerhada Pb-Zn-Ag deposit,Inner Mongolia,NE China

The Aerhada Pb-Zn-Ag deposit is located in the western segment of the Great Hinggan Range Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu-Mo-Au-Fe metallogenic belt in NE China. Orebodies occur mainly as vein type and are hosted by sandstone and siliceous slate. Three stages of primary mineralization, including an early arsenopyrite-pyrite-quartz, a middle polymetallic and silver sulfides-quartz and a late sphalerite-pyrite-calcite-fluorite are recognized. Four types of fluid inclusions have been identified in the ore-bearing quartz and fluorite veins, i.e., liquid-rich, gas-rich, three-phase CO₂ aqueous inclusions, and pure gas or liquid aqueous inclusions. Microthermometric studies on fluid inclusions reveal that homogenization temperatures from early to late stages range from 253° to 430 °C, 195° to 394 °C and 133° to 207 °C, respectively. Fluid salinities range from 2.9 to 14.0 wt.% NaCl equiv. The vapor composition of the ore fluid is dominated by H₂O, CO₂ and CH₄, with minor proportions of N₂. The fluid δ¹⁸O_H2O and δD_H2O values vary from +1.6 to +9.3‰ and −122 to −56‰, respectively, and reflect a magmatic fluid and a meteoric fluid dominant hydrothermal system for the early and late stages of mineralization, respectively. The calculated δ³⁴S_H2S values of hydrothermal fluids in equilibrium with sulfides range from +5.2 to +7.1‰, suggesting a mixed source for sulfur, i.e., the local magmatic and sedimentary rocks. The Pb isotope compositions of sulfides are similar to those of the local magmatic and sedimentary rocks, implying that lead and possibly silver relate to these sources. The noble gas isotope compositions of fluid inclusions hosted in ore minerals suggest that the ore-forming fluids were dominantly derived from a deep mantle source. Fluid mixing and dilution are inferred as the dominant mechanisms for ore deposition. The Aerhada Pb-Zn-Ag deposit can be classified as a medium to low temperature hydrothermal vein type deposit.     

长江上游国土资源,生态环境与灾害防治

长江上游干流流经青、藏、川、滇、鄂、渝6省市,支流涉及甘肃、陕西、贵州3省,流域面积为105.4×104km2,人口1.55亿,占全国国土面积的11.1%.长江上游地区经济发展相对落后,人均国民收入低,少数民族众多,与中下游经济发达地区差距很大.但上游地区蕴藏着巨大的经济开发潜能,丰富的水力和矿产等自然资源,以及农、林、牧等物产,对中下游地区经济发展有着巨大的支援作用.同时,由于自然地理上的相关性,又使上游地区的开发治理,对中下游地区的生态环境和可持续发展有着至关重要的作用.目前,长江上游森林植被大量减少,水源涵养能力下降,水土流失加剧:泥石流、滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害严重,旱、洪灾害频发;沿江大量排放废气、废水、污水,使大气和水体严重污染.随着上游地区生态环境的日益恶化,给中下游地区带来严重危害,河道、湖泊、水库淤积加速,洪涝灾害频繁发生,造成中下游地区经济建设和人民生命财产的重大损失.因此,必须尽快对长江上游地区进行全面综合治理,尽快开展新一轮国土资源大调查,制定各种自然资源的合理开发利用和保护方案;控制沿江污染源的排放,建立大气和水体污染监测系统;运用高新技术,建立上游重点地带地壳形变的动态监测和预警系统,防治地质灾害;充分利用上游地区丰富的水力资源,兴建多级水利设施,对地表水实施人工的时空控制,消除旱、洪灾害.     

Thermodynamic study of the association and separation of copper and gold in the Shizishan ore field, Tongling, Anhui Province, China

The Shizishan ore field is the largest gold–copper ore field in the Tongling ore district of Anhui Province, China. Copper and gold deposits in the district are present as one-commodity deposits or as deposits with both commodities. Copper and gold mineralization are either cogenetic or are temporally and spatially distinct. We present the results of systematic geochemical analysis of fluid inclusions from typical Au–Cu deposits in the Shizishan ore field; these data are used to determine the solubility of Cu and Au in the ore-forming fluids and to ascertain the mechanisms and factors that controlled variations in the association and separation of copper and gold mineralization. Our results indicate that copper in the ore-forming fluids was transported as CuCl₂⁻ and CuCl⁰ complexes and that the solubility of copper was controlled by variations in Cl⁻ concentration. In addition, the precipitation of copper was controlled by changes in temperature, pH, fO₂, and fO₂. In comparison, gold in the ore-forming fluids was transported as Au(HS)₂⁻ and Au₂S(HS)₂²⁻ complexes, and the solubility of gold was controlled by variations in total sulfur concentration; the precipitation of gold was controlled by temperature, pH, fO₂, and fO₂. These differences between the two elements meant that copper and gold in the ore-forming fluids responded in different ways to changes in physicochemical conditions. Copper precipitated under relatively acidic conditions at high temperatures, while gold precipitated under weakly alkaline conditions at relatively low temperatures; this dissociation resulted in the temporal and spatial separation and zonation of copper and gold mineralization in the Shizishan ore field.     

新疆蒙库铁矿床的变形变质及其成矿作用

新疆蒙库铁矿床产于阿尔泰南缘下泥盆统康布铁堡组下亚组变质火山沉积岩中,矿床赋存受康布铁堡组中的铁木下尔衮向形构造控制。研究表明,在海相火山沉积成矿期后,矿床经历了区域变质成矿作用及其后的热液交代成矿作用,前者包括浸染状-条带状磁铁矿阶段和块状磁铁矿阶段,后者包括钙硅酸盐交代阶段、硫化物阶段和方解石石英脉阶段。其中区域变质是蒙库铁矿最重要的成矿期,经压溶富集形成透镜状、条带状分布的块状磁铁矿。类矽卡岩是热液在富Ca沉积岩和富Si酸性火山岩系层间活动经交代形成的,其形成晚于块状磁铁矿的形成。晚期铜矿化与热液交代成矿期有关。反映区域变质作用的顺层石英脉(Q2)中,测得早期包裹体的均一温度(Th)为235～511℃,晚期次生流体包裹体Th为157～326℃;晚期热液石英脉(Q3)中包裹体的Th为122～337℃包裹体。用等容线交叉法获得Q2脉中共生的纯CO2包裹体和盐水溶液包裹体的捕获压力73～90MPa。磁铁矿氧同位素(δ18OSMOW)为-2‰～+1.28‰,平均-0.15‰,其组成特征显示了火山沉积变质成矿作用特征,与国内外沉积变质矿床磁铁矿氧同位素组成相似,而与典型的矽卡岩矿床有区别;磁铁矿爆裂曲线也显示了变质作用改造的特征。总体来看,区域变质-热液叠加改造是蒙库铁矿最重要的成矿作用。     

贵州水城“7.23”高位远程滑坡冲击铲刮效应分析

以2019年贵州水城“7.23”滑坡为例,采用现场调查、无人机航测和数值模拟技术,分析了滑坡的运动过程和冲击铲刮特征,结果表明:（1）水城“7.23”滑坡属典型的高位远程滑坡,滑体高位启动后冲击下方凸起山脊,铲刮地表残坡积土层,并解体形成碎屑流,最大铲刮深度可达11 m;（2）模拟结果显示,滑坡运动最大速度为30 m?s-1,最大动能达8 900 kJ,铲刮体积达46×104 m3,最终体积为116×104 m3,灾害放大效应明显;（3）水城滑坡的冲击铲刮过程可分为冲击嵌入→剪切推覆→裹挟混合三个阶段。