孟加拉残留洋盆地形成过程与构造单元划分

孟加拉盆地位于印度板块东北部,处于印度板块、欧亚板块和缅甸微板块汇聚区,其东临印缅造山带,西接印度古地盾,北隔西隆高地与喜马拉造山带前渊相望,向南进入孟加拉湾。孟加拉盆地西部和北部发育在印度古陆上,其余大部分地区分布在白垩系残留洋壳上,属于残留洋盆地。本文结合区域构造和剖面演化特征,还原了孟加拉盆地的形成过程,并据此将孟加拉盆地划分为:前裂谷-同裂谷期、大陆漂移期、软碰撞期和硬碰撞期共四个构造演化阶段。结合构造演化过程和盆地现今构造沉积特征,将孟加拉盆地划分为:西部陆架、陆架斜坡带、南部坳陷、中部隆起带、北部坳陷和东部褶皱带共六个次级构造单元。演化过程研究表明,孟加拉盆地残留洋部分形成于古新世,并自始新世开始范围不断减小;至上新世,盆地东部残留洋消失,残留洋局限于盆地南部地区。孟加拉盆地残留洋部分控制了盆地沉积中心的分布和迁移,决定了盆地油气的分布。     

全球沉积盆地结构与构造演化背景——洲际经-向超长构造剖面对比

沉积盆地地层及其结构可记录盆地构造演化过程,而盆地演化则记录了不同历史时期的构造背景。为系统认识盆地 构造演化及其演化背景,本文在全球构造理论指导下,收集全球上百个重要沉积盆地资料,编制了洲际超经向长剖面 2 条:(1) 印度—西伯利亚—北美—南美经向超长剖面;(2)非洲东海岸—地中海—欧洲—北冰洋沿岸—西伯利亚—澳大利亚超长剖面。 它们成为探讨沉积盆地结构特征、构造演化对比的重要基础,由此获得的主要认识包括:超长剖面是全球沉积盆地分类的 基础,不同类型的沉积盆地有序并列。盆地构造演化和发育受控于板块构造边界作用以及基底沉降作用。不同的盆地类型 在时间演化和空间分布具有密切成因联系。从板块边缘出发一般为大洋盆地、海沟、弧前盆地、弧后前陆盆地、前陆盆地、 克拉通盆地、裂谷盆地、被动陆缘盆地。位于欧亚板块的各个盆地均受到阿尔卑斯造山运动(喜马拉雅运动)影响,亚洲 大陆盆地群发育及其后期改造受古亚洲、特提斯和西太平洋构造域控制。受板块边界作用影响,相同板块上的不同盆地群 之间具有密切的构造—沉积联系和构造事件响应。全球油气最富集的巨型盆地主要出现于板块内部、远离挤压板块边界的 环境下。     

孟加拉湾盆地构造特征与动力学演化:来自卫星重力与地震资料的新认识

为了揭示孟加拉湾盆地的构造特征和中生代以来的动力学演化,对研究区卫星重力数据进行滤波、梯度和延拓等深度处理,对相关地震剖面进行标准化处理,在研究区建立了8条主干剖面.自由空气重力异常及其深度处理结果显示在盆地西部、海岭内部及盆地东部分别发育北西向破碎带、近东西向断裂和北东向线性构造,分别反映了海底北西向扩张、海岭侵位及印度洋洋壳北东向俯冲的影响.主干剖面经标准化处理后划分出上白垩统-第四系5套层系,结合重力异常与地层厚度,将孟加拉湾盆地划分为西部坳陷、85°E海岭隆起、中央坳陷、90°E海岭隆起和若开坳陷5个构造单元.85°E海岭隆起内发育的多个孤立高隆起是热点幕式喷发的响应,控制着碰撞前盆地“西厚东薄”的沉积格局,而碰撞后孟加拉扇体系在始新世至中新世期间一直向南迁移,未受到海岭的明显影响.90°E海岭南段(7°~14°N)的俯冲消减促进了安达曼增生楔的向西生长,北段(14°~20°N)的俯冲作用则控制着若开坳陷、印缅增生楔和孟加拉湾盆地沉积中心的演化.构造特征和动力学演化分析表明盆地经历了原始大洋盆地(晚白垩世-早渐新世)和残留洋盆地(晚渐新世-)2个主要演化阶段.      

根据形成地质作用对中国大陆岩石圈作构造分区

在综合评述前人关于大陆板块内部大地构造单元划分的基础上,讨论了以大陆岩石圈地质作用序列对亚欧大陆板块内部二级大地构造单元划分的准则与方法。相邻单元之间地壳生成演化作用序列不同,造成地层和岩石圈构造属性不同。基于板块运动的规律,可以根据地层和构造属性不同特征推断构造单元演化作用序列,并依据岩石测年资料划分大陆岩石圈构造单元。据此,大陆板块可划分为四个二级构造单元,包括克拉通、大陆碰撞造山带、大陆俯冲增生带和叠复构造单元。中国大陆板块的克拉通包括华北、扬子、塔里木和华夏四个;大陆碰撞造山带包括天山—西拉木伦河、昆仑—秦岭—大别、喜马拉雅、萍乡—江山—绍兴和台湾五个。大陆俯冲增生带包括吉黑、准噶尔、柴达木祁连、羌塘—拉萨—松潘和江南五个。这种分区同时把形成时代和区域构造形成地质作用作为区划的主要根据,体现了构造单元的基本属性。     

华北及其以北地区晚古生代—早中生代构造格架主体特点

从全球尺度对原大西洋与古亚洲洋构造域大地构造旋回及其演化特征进行对比研究,有助于了解巨型构造域内的区域构造演化的关联性。建立古大陆构造单元属性"动态行为"的理念,将复合造山区与毗邻大地构造单元进行关联分析,揭示出华北前陆盆地的形成发展与毗邻复合造山区的构造演化进程密切相关。华北及其以北地区晚古生代—早中生代构造格架的主体特点是:1)蒙古—兴安复合造山区发育石炭纪—二叠纪陆表海盆地、裂陷槽和上叠盆地,及三叠纪的山间盆地;2)华北前陆盆地与复合造山区构造演化进程同步,在古陆上形成石炭纪海相和海陆交互相沉积,二叠纪—中三叠世的陆相沉积,以发育红层和局部形成膏盐为特点;3)原华北古陆北缘"构造岩浆活化带"属晚古生代—早中生代蒙古—兴安复合造山区最南端的构造单元,具有构造前锋带属性。     

德格—中甸微板块在三叠纪时期各沉积构造带的性质和沉积盆地演化

德格—中甸微板块是在晚二叠世初随甘孜—理塘洋的产生而从扬子板块西缘分离出来的。在三叠纪时期受金沙江缝合带与甘孜—理塘缝合带构造作用的相互影响,其沉积构造性质也由被动边缘盆地演化为活动边缘盆地,同时分裂为白玉—义敦前陆盆地,昌台—乡城岛弧带、玉隆—稻城弧前盆地。     

南海陆缘伸展破裂过程中的构造迁移和盆地演化

为了阐明南海由陆向洋的过渡带内构造活动的时间 空间迁移过程,本文以两条跨南海东部共轭被动陆缘和南海西南部共轭陆缘的两条长剖面为基础,进行精细的构造解释和分析,在南海洋陆转换带内确定了出Tb、SD、PD和Bi四个一级层序界面,并以这4个一层序界面为界,将南海陆缘划分为：早期断陷盆地(Tb—SD)、晚期拆离盆地(SD—PD)和断坳转换盆地(PD—Bi)。通过对同一剖面不同构造单元带内同构造地层的分析,发现构造活动时代由陆向洋逐渐变年轻;通过对比不同剖面同一构造单元带内的同构造地层发现,构造活动时代沿着海底扩张迁移的方向逐渐变年轻。因此,在南海扩张期间,岩石圈的伸展变形不仅表现为向洋方向的迁移,同时表现为向海底扩张方向的迁移。     

东海陆架盆地伸展率和压缩率及构造跃迁

东海陆架盆地位于欧亚板块的东南缘和西太平洋活动大陆边缘,本文选取了东海陆架盆地主要凹陷的17条地震剖面,采用平衡剖面技术,计算了主要凹陷新生代不同演化阶段的伸展率和压缩率。分析表明,东海陆架盆地构造演化总体由西向东跃迁。晚白垩世至晚古新世东海陆架盆地裂陷中心在西部坳陷带,始新世东迁至东部坳陷带,上新世东迁至东海陆架盆地东侧的冲绳海槽盆地。古新世中后期东海陆架盆地西部坳陷带北侧昆山凹陷反转;中新世东部坳陷带的西湖凹陷反转。东海陆架盆地西部坳陷带与东部坳陷带构造演化不同,证明了东海陆架盆地的东西分带。西部坳陷带北部的长江坳陷和南部的台北坳陷构造演化不同,东部坳陷带北部的西湖凹陷和南部的钓北凹陷构造演化不同,证明了东海陆架盆地的南北分块。     

黑龙江漠河盆地构造特征与成盆演化

对漠河盆地的地层层序、构造特征和构造单元、盆地演化过程等进行了研究。漠河盆地盖层主要为侏罗纪陆相煤系地层及白垩系火山岩，属典型的二元结构。晚侏罗世中期由于蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋的关闭，额尔古纳微板块与西伯利亚板块碰撞，使盆地西部产生逆冲推覆构造，地层缩短量在64km以上。晚侏罗世晚期到晚白垩世，盆地进入西太平洋构造域演化阶段，处于拉张环境，在盆地中部和东部发生了三期大规模的火山活动，形成火山断陷盆地。因此，漠河盆地经历了蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋和西太平洋两种不同构造域的演化阶段，具有西部挤压推覆、中部和东部拉张断陷构造特点。     

南华北盆地与东秦岭—大别造山带的耦合关系

南华北盆地包括周口坳陷和合肥坳陷 ,是横跨在华北地块南部和华北地块南缘构造带之上的具有挤压和伸展双重性质的叠合盆地。受东秦岭—大别造山带的影响 ,它在中生代表现为东秦岭—大别山北麓冲断带前沿的前陆盆地 ,到新生代转化为断陷盆地。区域上 ,南华北盆地和东秦岭—大别造山带跨越四大构造单元 ,由南向北依次为扬子板块、南秦岭—大别 (包括南大别碰撞杂岩带和北大别弧杂岩带 )构造带、北秦岭—北淮阳构造带、华北地块南缘构造带和华北板块。其间分布着 5条主要断裂 ,即襄樊—广济断裂、桐柏—磨子潭断裂、方城—舒城断裂、确山—合肥…     

Structure of the North Kara Shelf from results of seismostratigraphic analysis

The sedimentary cover section of the North Kara Shelf had been subdivided based on extensive seismic data, and seismic correlation was carried out. The predominant role of Upper Riphean-Middle Paleozoic rocks has been corroborated. A series of relatively deepwater basins filled with primarily terrigenous fly-schoid rocks up to 7–9 km in thickness existed in the Late Riphean-Vendian at the place of the shelf. In the Cambrian, isolated basins merged into a wide and shallow-water basin as a result of the Baikalian reactivation in southeast Severnaya Zemlya and probably in Taimyr. After the pre-Ordovician hiatus, a vast sedimentation basin with a regressive section was formed on the shelf from Ordovician to Late Devonian. Shallow-water marine and near-shore carbonate and carbonate-terrigenous sequences accumulated in this basin and gave way to continental and less frequent near-shore, marine, variegated, and red beds in the Devonian. The thickness of the Ordovician-Devonian sequence reaches 6 km. Since the Mid-Carboniferous, block emergence and deep erosion of Ordovician-Devonian complexes have occurred in the north Kara shelf as a result of Hercynian events in northern Taimyr, Severnaya Zemlya, and in the southern Kara Sea. No Permian-Triassic rifts existed on the North Kara Shelf. At that time, the shelf was an area of erosion. The thickness of the Middle Carboniferous-Cretaceous sequence was insignificant and gradually increased toward Barents Sea troughs. The newly formed Svyataya Anna and Voronin troughs arose due to opening of the Eurasia Basin of the Arctic Ocean. The terrane concept has been subjected to criticism. The available data show that a large epi-Grenvillian continental block existed, and the North Kara region was part of it. Collision of the northern continent with the Paleosiberian Platform in the Late Paleozoic resulted in the formation of the Hercynian fold arc to the south of the North Kara Shelf, and an inverted orogenic arch arose at the place of shelf basin. The individual geological features that distinguish the North Kara Shelf from the Barents Sea troughs and the South Kara Syneclise are emphasized. The ancient pre-Riphean basement, a system of Late Riphean-Vendian relatively deepwater troughs and basins, Hercynian tectonic inversion, deep erosion of the most uplifted part of the arch, and significant block motions are the distinguishing features of the North Kara Shelf.     

Tectonic evolution of the triple junction off central Honshu for the past 1 million years

We discuss several models of the evolution of the trench-trench-trench triple junction off central Honshu during the past 1 m.y. on the basis of plate kinematics, morphology, gravity and seismic reflection profile data available for the area. The study area is characterized by large basins, 7–8 km deep on the inner lower trench slope on the Philippine Sea side and the deep (9 km) Izu-Bonin Trench to the east. Between the basins and the trench, there are 6–7 km-deep basement highs. The triple junction is unstable due to the movement of the Philippine Sea plate at a velocity of 3 cm/yr in WNW direction with respect to Eurasia (Northeast Japan), subparallel to the strike of the Sagami Trough. Generally we can expect the boundary area between the Philippine Sea and Pacific plates to be extended because the Pacific plate is unlikely to follow the retreating Philippine Sea plate due to the obstruction of the southeastern corner of Eurasia. The above peculiar morphology of the junction area could have resulted from this lack of stability. However, there are several possible ways to explain the above morphology.

Our gravity model across the trench-basement high-basin area shows that the basement highs are made of low-density materials (1.8–2 g/cm³). Thus we reject the mantle diapir model which proposes that the basement highs have been formed by diapiric injection of serpentinites between the retreating Philippine Sea plate and the Pacific plate.

The stretched basin model proposes that the basins have been formed by stretching of the Philippine Sea plate wedge. We estimated the extension to be about 10 km at the largest basin. We reconstructed the morphology at 1 Ma by moving the Philippine Sea plate 20 km farther to the east after closing the basins, and thus obtained 8 km depth of the 1 Ma trench, which is similar to that of the present Japan Trench to the north. Although this stretched basin model can explain the formation of the basins and the deep trench, other models are equally possible. For instance, the eduction model explains the origin of the basin by the eduction of the Philippine Sea basement from beneath the basement high, while the accretion model explains the basement highs by the accretion of the Izu-Bonin trench wedge sediments. In both of these models we can reconstruct the 1 Ma trench depth as about 8 km, similar to that of the stretched basin model.

The deformation of the basement of the basins constitutes the best criterion to differentiate between these models. The multi-channel seismic reflection profiles show that the basement of the largest basin is cut by normal faults, in particular at its eastern edge. This suggests that the stretched basin model is most likely. However, the upper part of the sediments shows that the basement high to the east has been recently uplifted. This uplift is probably due to the recent (0.5 Ma) start of accretion of the trench wedge sediments beneath this basement high.     

南黄海盆地和北黄海盆地地震速度分析

在概述南黄海盆地和北黄海盆地区域地质背景的基础上,介绍了横跨2个盆地的HHQY05-1测线的位置和地层属性。通过对2个盆地(主要是HHQY05-1测线)的速度谱、平均速度以及层速度的分析对比,认为2个盆地的地震速度差别较大,南黄海盆地的平均速度总体上小于北黄海盆地的速度,主要是由于2个盆地在地质构造、岩性、地质年代等方面的差异所引起。因此,利用地震速度可以初步了解盆地的构造特征和地质属性。     

Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic rifting and its dynamic setting in Eastern China and adjacent areas

During the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic, extension was widespread in Eastern China and adjacent areas. The first rifting stage spanned in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous times and covered an area of more than 2 million km² of NE Asia from the Lake Baikal to the Sikhot-Alin in EW direction and from the Mongol–Okhotsk fold belt to North China in NS direction. This rifting was characterized by intracontinental rifts, volcanic eruptions and transform extension along large-scale strike–slip faults. Based on the magmatic activity, filling sequence of basins, tectonic framework and subsidence analysis of basins, the evolution of this area can be divided into three main developmental phases. The first phase, calc-alkaline volcanics erupted intensely along NNE-trending faults, forming Daxing'anling volcanic belt, NE China. The second phase, Basin and Range type fault basin system bearing coal and oil developed in NE Asia. During the third phase, which was marked by the change from synrifting to thermal subsidence, very thick postrift deposits developed in the Songliao basin (the largest oil basin in NE China).Following uplift and denudation, caused by compressional tectonism in the near end of Cretaceous, a Paleogene rifting stage produced widespread continental rift systems and continental margin basins in Eastern China. These rifted basins were usually filled with several kilometers of alluvial and lacustrine deposits and contain a large amount of fossil fuel resources. Integrated research in most of these rifting basins has shown that the basins are characterized by rapid subsidence, relative high paleo-geothermal history and thinned crust. It is now accepted that the formation of most of these basins was related to a lithospheric extensional regime or dextral transtensional regime. During Neogene time, early Tertiary basins in Eastern China entered a postrifting phase, forming regional downwarping. Basin fills formed in a thermal subsidence period onlapped the fault basin margins and were deposited in a broad downwarped lacustrine depression. At the same time, within plate rifting of the Lake Baikal and Shanxi graben climaxed and spreading of the Japan Sea and South China Sea occurred. Quaternary rifting was marked by basalt eruption and accelerated subsidence in the area of Tertiary rifting. The Okinawa Trough is an active rift involving back-arc extension.Continental rifting and marginal sea opening were clearly developed in various kind of tectonic settings. Three rifting styles, intracontinental rifting within fold belt, intracontinental rifting within craton and continental marginal rifting and spreading, are distinguished on the basis of nature of the basin basement, tectonic location of rifting and relations to large strike–slip faults.Changes of convergence rates of India–Eurasia and Pacific–Eurasia may have caused NW–SE-trending extensional stress field dominating the rifting. Asthenospheric upwelling may have well assisted the rifting process. In this paper, a combination model of interactions between plates and deep process of lithosphere has been proposed to explain the rifting process in East China and adjacent areas.The research on the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic extensional tectonics of East China and adjacent areas is important because of its utility as an indicator of the dynamic setting and deformational mechanisms involved in stretching Lithosphere. The research also benefits the exploration and development of mineral and energy resources in this area.     

北美东部被动大陆边缘盆地的分段性与油气勘探

北美东部被动大陆边缘是世界上最古老的完整被动大陆边缘之一,是研究被动大陆边缘发育演化的天然实验室。本文在大量国外研究成果的基础上,应用盆地构造解析方法,深入研究了北美东部被动大陆边缘盆地群的地质结构和构造演化特征,并揭示了盆地群的油气地质规律。研究认为,北美东部盆地群沉积充填和不整合面发育具有明显的分段性和差异性。以区域不整合面为界,不同段盆地可划分为不同的构造层:南段盆地可划分为两套构造层;中段南部盆地可划分为3套构造层;中段北部盆地可划分为4套构造层;而北段盆地可划分为5套构造层。盆地群整体经历了陆内裂谷—陆间裂谷—被动大陆边缘的演化过程,但不同段盆地的构造演化具有明显的分段性和迁移性:晚三叠世沉降中心位于南段盆地;早侏罗世初期迁移至中段盆地,南段大陆开始裂解;中侏罗世逐渐迁移至北段盆地,中段大陆开始裂解;早白垩世晚期,北段大陆开始裂解。受持续的抬升剥蚀及大西洋岩浆活动省的联合作用,南段盆地和中段大多数盆地缺乏油气保存条件;斯科舍盆地和大浅滩盆地是主要的含油气盆地,以上侏罗统烃源岩为主,主要发育断层—背斜圈闭和盐体刺穿圈闭,整体表现为“自生自储”和“下生上储”的特征。     

Plate kinematics, origin and tectonic emplacement of supra-subduction ophiolites in SE Asia

A unique feature of the Circum Pacific orogenic belts is the occurrence of ophiolitic bodies of various sizes, most of which display petrological and geochemical characteristics typical of supra-subduction zone oceanic crust. In SE Asia, a majority of the ophiolites appear to have originated at convergent margins, and specifically in backarc or island arc settings, which evolved either along the edge of the Sunda (Eurasia) and Australian cratons, or within the Philippine Sea Plate. These ophiolites were later accreted to continental margins during the Tertiary. Because of fast relative plate velocities, tectonic regimes at the active margins of these three plates also changed rapidly. Strain partitioning associated with oblique convergence caused arc-trench systems to move further away from the locus of their accretion. We distinguish “relatively autochthonous ophiolites” resulting from the shortening of marginal basins such as the present-day South China Sea or the Coral Sea, and “highly displaced ophiolites” developed in oblique convergent margins, where they were dismantled, transported and locally severely sheared during final docking. In peri-cratonic mobile belts (i.e. the Philippine Mobile Belt) we find a series of oceanic basins which have been slightly deformed and uplifted. Varying lithologies and geochemical compositions of tectonic units in these basins, as well as their age discrepancies, suggest important displacements along major wrench faults.We have used plate tectonic reconstructions to restore the former backarc basins and island arcs characterized by known petro-geochemical data to their original location and their former tectonic settings. Some of the ophiolites occurring in front of the Sunda plate represent supra-subduction zone basins formed along the Australian Craton margin during the Mesozoic. The Philippine Sea Basin, the Huatung basin south of Taiwan, and composite ophiolitic basements of the Philippines and Halmahera may represent remnants of such marginal basins. The portion of the Philippine Sea Plate carrying the Taiwan–Philippine arc and its composite ophiolitic/continental crustal basement might have actually originated in a different setting, closer to that of the Papua New Guinea Ophiolite, and then have been displaced rapidly as a result of shearing associated with fast oblique convergence.     

南海北部深水盆地沉积-构造的差异性及其油气意义

南海北部深水区自西向东依次分布着琼东南盆地、珠江口盆地、台西南盆地等新生代被动陆缘盆地,这些盆地经历了大致相当的从裂陷到坳陷的构造演化史,但在张裂活动过程中存在着明显的沉积-构造的差异性。构造沉降特征分析显示:在同一构造带上自西向东有盆地主要构造沉降发生的时段逐步变晚的趋势;在不同构造带上自北向南有盆地主要构造沉降发生的时段逐步变晚的趋势。这种沉积-构造的差异性对烃源岩的发育类型、分布及生储盖组合等方面有明显的控制作用,表现为:裂谷期构造沉降幅度大的盆地,陆相烃源岩发育,以陆生陆储陆盖型成藏组合为主;裂后期构造沉降幅度大的盆地,海相烃源岩发育规模较大,海生海储海盖型成藏组合及混生海储海盖型生储盖组合所占分量逐渐增多。推测渐新统湖相-湖沼相及海陆过渡相源岩和中新统海相烃源岩应是南海北部深水区油气的主要来源,陆生海储海盖型、海生海储海盖型及混生海储海盖型生储盖组合应是深水区基本生储盖组合类型。     

Formation of the Eurasia Basin in the Arctic Ocean as inferred from geohistorical analysis of the anomalous magnetic field

A new combined magnetic database and a magnetic-profile map are developed for the Eurasia Basin as a result of adjusting all available historical and recent Russian and American magnetic data sets. The geohistorical analysis of magnetic data includes several steps: identification of linear magnetic anomalies along each trackline, calculation of the Euler rotation pole positions for the relative motion of the North American and Eurasian plates, analysis of temporal and spatial variations in the spreading rate, and plate reconstructions. The pattern of key Cenozoic magnetic isochrons (24, 20, 18, 13, 6, 5, 2a) is constructed for the entire Eurasia Basin. In the western half of the basin, this pattern is consistent with a recently published scheme [16]. In its eastern half, magnetic isochrons are determined in detail for the first time and traced up to the Laptev Sea shelf. The main stages in the seafloor spreading are established for the Eurasia Basin. Each stage is characterized by a specific spreading rate and the degree of asymmetry of the basin opening. The revealed differences are traced along the Gakkel Ridge. Systematic patterns in wandering of the Eurasia Basin opening pole are established for particular stages. The continent-ocean transition zone corresponding to the primary rupture between plates is outlined in the region under consideration on the basis of gravimetric data. The nature of different potential fields and bottom topography on opposite sides of the Gakkel Ridge is discussed. The characteristic features of the basin-bottom formation at main stages of its evolution are specified on the basis of new and recently published data. The results obtained are in good agreement with plate geodynamics of the North Atlantic and the adjacent Arctic basins.     

北萨哈林盆地的热演化特征与影响因素

北萨哈林盆地作为俄罗斯远东地区最大的含油气盆地,其热流分布和演化过程对油气勘探有重要意义。本文通过单井和区域热流分析,恢复了北萨哈林盆地和鄂霍茨克海域各时期热流值的分布范围;对沉积盆地热演化各期次进行数值模拟,改进了简单沉降模型,使其适用于弧后拉分盆地;利用EASY%Ro 方法对热演化过程进行恢复,并与理论计算的热流值进行对比分析。研究表明,北萨哈林盆地各时期热流分布极为不均,热演化可以分成两个阶段：1） 古近纪,盆地内陆和海域具有各自的热流中心,其热演化过程相对独立;2） 晚渐新世后,盆地受弧后拉张和断裂剪切的共同作用,热流范围发生改变,构造拼合带成为新的热流中心。本文认为岩浆活动强弱和沉降速率差异是造成该现象的内因和外因。     

南海构造变形分区及成盆过程

为了系统认识新生代南海沉积盆地形成演化过程和成盆机制, 在对南海及其周缘区域构造和沉积研究进展调研的基础上, 利用覆盖南海主要盆地新近采集和重处理的地震剖面开展详细的构造-地层分析.基于盆地结构构造、演化特征和成盆动力学的差异性, 以红河-越东-Lupar线大型走滑构造带为界, 将南海及其周缘沉积盆地划分为古南海俯冲拖拽构造区沉积盆地群和挤出-逃逸构造区沉积盆地群, 前者主要是古南海俯冲及其所引起的区域构造变形形成的盆地, 包括北部湾、琼东南、珠江口、曾母、北康、文莱-沙巴和礼乐等盆地, 后者是印度-欧亚大陆碰撞导致印支地块挤出和旋转形成的盆地, 如莺歌海、湄公、中建南、万安等盆地.最后, 结合周缘板块动力学事件和本次对盆地构造研究的成果, 特别是盆地中重要界面属性的重新厘定, 建立了南海及其周缘沉积盆地演化过程.