基性-超基性岩铜镍矿与铬铁矿含矿性判别研究

岩石与矿物地球化学数据常用于判别岩石成因、构造环境等,事实上它们也可以用于判别岩石成矿专属性,从而更好地指导找矿工作。通过对含铜镍矿的基性-超基性岩与含铬铁矿的基性-超基性岩全岩主量、铂族元素和铬铁矿尖晶石地球化学特征进行综合对比研究结果显示:1)铜镍矿的m/f值主要集中在1.5～8.5,铬铁矿主要集中在6.5～12.5,有一定重叠,因此通过m/f值确定是否成矿具有不确定因素;利用全岩主量元素的二元图解进行判别也存在重叠区域,不利于成矿专属性的判别。2)铜镍矿基性-超基性岩全岩具有高的w(PPGE)/w(IPGE)值(0.06～343.75,平均16),w(Pd)/w(Ir)1;铂族元素具有左倾的原始地幔配分模式;铬铁矿尖晶石高w(TiO_2)、Fe~#值,Cr~#、Mg~#值变化范围较大。3)铬铁矿基性-超基性岩全岩具有低的w(PPGE)/w(IPGE)值(0.000 4～20.34,平均0.55),w(Pd)/w(Ir)1,铂族元素具有右倾的原始地幔配分模式;铬铁矿尖晶石低w(TiO2),Fe~#、Mg~#值,高Cr~#值。因此,利用基性-超基性岩的铂族元素与铬铁矿地球化学特征值能有效指示成矿专属性,可成为基性-超基性岩铬铁矿与铜镍矿的勘查工具。     

华北东南缘荆山花岗岩成因及其构造意义

对华北东南缘荆山花岗岩进行了锆石U-Pb定年、微量元素和Hf同位素分析,全岩主微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素分析.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,荆山花岗岩形成于晚侏罗世(160.9±0.8~161.6±1.5 Ma).残留锆石的U-Pb年龄主要为三叠纪和新元古代,分别与大别-苏鲁造山带超高压变火成岩的变质年龄和原岩年龄一致.这些花岗岩为钙碱性-高钾钙碱性,具有弧型的微量元素分布特征和富集的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成,即高的全岩(87Sr/86Sr)_i比值(0.708 0~0.709 1),低的ε_Nd(t)值(-15.6~-13.5)和锆石ε_Hf(t)值(-23.1~-9.5),对应的两阶段Nd-Hf模式年龄主要为古元古代.这些锆石U-Pb同位素年代学和地球化学特征与大别-苏鲁造山带超高压变火成岩一致,表明它们之间存在成因联系.特别地,残留锆石新元古代和三叠纪U-Pb年龄是俯冲华南陆壳的标志性特征.因此,荆山花岗岩是俯冲华南陆壳部分熔融的产物,华南陆壳是三叠纪大陆碰撞过程中进入华北地壳之中的.这些花岗岩具有低的Rb含量、高的Sr和Ba含量,低的Rb/Sr比值以及低的全岩锆饱和温度和锆石Ti温度(~700℃),表明它们源于俯冲华南陆壳低温加水部分熔融,可能与侏罗纪古太平洋板块俯冲于中国东部之下有关.      

大别山中生代中酸性岩浆岩锆石U-Pb定年、元素和氧同位素地球化学研究

对大别山中生代主簿源、天柱山和团岭中酸性岩浆岩进行了锆石U-Pb定年、全岩主量和微量元素分析以及全岩和单矿物的氧同位素分析。结果表明,这些富钾的中酸性侵入岩表现出明显的轻稀土富集和高场强元素(Nb、P和Ti)负异常,与围岩片麻岩之间具有类似的微量元素分布特征和初始Sr-Nd-Ph同位素组成。锆石U-Pb年龄指示了早白垩世(121～131Ma)的岩浆结晶年龄。通过CL照相和SHRIMP定年在某些锆石颗粒中发现了老的继承核,年龄分别为742～815Ma和222Ma。这些新元古代和三叠纪核年龄分别与大别-苏鲁造山带超高压变火成岩原岩年龄和超高压变质年龄一致。尽管石英和锆石具有较小的δ~(18)O值变化范围(石英:6.30‰～8.66‰,锆石:4.14‰～6.11‰),全岩和其它单矿物氧同位素比值变化较大(全岩:0.07‰～7.13‰,钾长石:0.55‰～7.40‰,斜长石:-4.88‰～6.96‰),大多数锆石具有与正常地幔锆石(5.3±0.3‰)一致的δ~(18)O值。大多数样品的石英-锆石之间保存了氧同位素平衡分馏,而其它矿物(如,钾长石、斜长石、黑云母和角闪石)与锆石之间则大多表现出明显的氧同位素不平衡分馏,指示它们受到了岩浆期后亚固相水-岩相互作用的扰动。元素和同位素特征表明,大别山中生代中性岩起源于加厚基性下地壳的脱水部分熔融,在岩浆侵位过程中伴随有结晶分异作用;而花岗岩则起源于与北大别TTG正片麻岩具有相似化学组成的中性地壳的部分熔融。因此,大别山中生代中酸性岩岩浆源区是三叠纪扬子陆块俯冲产生的加厚地壳,形成机制可能与早白垩世地幔超柱事件热扰动所引起的部分熔融有关。     

胶北南山口古元古代高压基性麻粒岩和钙硅酸盐岩的岩石地球化学特征探讨

胶北莱西古元古代的高压基性麻粒岩和钙硅酸盐岩的基本矿物组合分别为以铁铝榴石为主的石榴石-普通辉石-铁紫苏辉石和钙铝榴石-黝帘石-葡萄石-钠长石.矿物岩石学研究表明钙硅酸盐岩是由含石榴石高压基性麻粒岩经退变质和钙质交代作用形成.南山口高压基性麻粒岩记录了麻粒岩相变质作用前、麻粒岩相变质作用、退变质和钙硅酸盐岩化共同作用以及完全钙硅酸盐岩化的四个阶段的地质作用,其矿物组合分别为Cpx+ Pl+ Qtz(M1),Grt+ Cpx+ Rt+ Qtz(M2),Cpx+Pl+ Opx+ Ilm+ Mgt+ Ep(M3)和Grs+ Zo+ Prh+ Ab+ Cal(M4).微量元素研究表明,高压基性麻粒岩中大离子亲石元素Ba、Rb、K、Rb、Th富集,而高场强元素Nb、Zr、Ti、Y亏损,具有轻稀土富集的右倾型稀土配分曲线.稀土元素和微量元素配分图解显示了岛孤拉斑玄武岩的特征.主元素、微量元素的构造判别图解进一步分析表明高压基性麻粒岩及其钙硅酸盐岩的原岩形成于大陆边缘的岛弧环境.综合高压基性麻粒岩岩石学、元素地球化学特征认为,莱西高压基性麻粒岩的原岩是拉斑玄武岩质岩石,可能是形成于孤后扩张背景下基性的侵入岩或喷出岩.岩石形成以后,在胶-辽-吉带碰撞闭合过程中,经历了麻粒岩相变质作用,又在后来的抬升过程中经历退变质和钙硅酸盐岩化作用.     

胶东地块东部变质岩锆石U-Pb定年和氧同位素研究

对胶东地块东部高压-超高压变质岩作了系统的锆石U-Ph定年和矿物氧同位素分析,结果对这些变质岩的原岩性质提供了制约。研究得到:(1)区域花岗片麻岩及岩浆锆石普遍不同程度地亏损~(18)O,3个片庥岩样品中岩浆核锆石U-Pb年龄分别为723±36Ma、738±17Ma和744±63Ma,低δ~(18)O值(-0.42～4.14‰)岩浆核锆石说明其原岩为新元古代低δ~(18)O值岩浆岩,石英-石榴石氧同位素温度及少量印支期变质锆石的出现,指示片麻岩与榴辉岩曾经共同经历了印支期超高压变质作用;(2)花岗片麻岩中的榴辉岩原岩年龄有两种,一种是新元古代,其U-Ph年龄为806±79Ma。另一种是古元古代晚期,其 U-Pb年龄为1838±41Ma。这2个榴辉岩的超高压变质年龄分别为229±3Ma和242±21Ma。多数榴辉岩中的变质增生或变质重结晶锆石也具有低δ~(18)O值特征(0.22～3.4‰),指示在榴辉宕相变质作用之前,这些榴辉岩原岩为低δ~(18)O值蚀变岩或低δ~(18)O值基性岩浆岩;(3)大理岩中榴辉岩变质增生锆石δ~(18)O值高达15.9‰,U-Pb年龄为229±4Ma,指示在榴辉岩相变质作用之前,榴辉岩原岩与大理岩一样具有高δ~(18)O值;(4)斜长角闪岩的原岩U-Pb年龄为1719±18Ma,与同时期榴辉岩原岩一起构成扬子板块北缘新元古代岩浆侵位时的裂谷肩部围岩,在三叠纪大陆碰撞时同样受到变质改造。     

喜马拉雅造山带中段亚东地区石榴角闪岩的成因：岩石学和锆石U- Pb年代学

喜马拉雅造山带中段出露的基性麻粒岩是理解印度大陆前喜马拉雅期演化历史和新生代碰撞造山作用的理想研究对象。本文对亚东多庆湖地区的石榴角闪岩进行了岩石学、全岩主微量元素地球化学和锆石U- Pb年代学研究,揭示了其原岩类型和新生代的变质作用过程。石榴角闪岩的原岩很可能为新元古代(~890 Ma)的玄武岩,具有E- MORB型岩石的地球化学特征。石榴角闪岩具有三期矿物组合：① 进变质矿物组合可能为石榴子石+角闪石+斜长石+钛铁矿+石英,即石榴子石核部及其中包裹体;② 峰期矿物组合为石榴子石+角闪石+斜长石+黑云母+石英,即石榴子石边部和基质矿物;③ 退变质矿物组合为角闪石+斜方辉石+斜长石+黑云母+石英,包括退变质域和石榴子石边部的后成合晶矿物。矿物温压计和相平衡模拟表明,石榴角闪岩进变质、峰期和退变质条件分别为609~621℃和0. 59~0. 65 GPa、805~845℃和0. 91~1. 04 GPa、825~840℃和0. 61~0. 68 GPa,经历了峰期高压麻粒岩相的变质作用。锆石U- Pb年代学研究表明,石榴角闪岩的峰期变质时间为34. 8~20. 3 Ma,退变质时间为18. 1~17. 7 Ma,可能经历了一个较长期的部分熔融过程。本文研究认为,亚东石榴角闪岩是印度板块向欧亚板块长期俯冲、地壳增厚成因的基性麻粒岩,原岩可能与Rodinia超大陆拼合相关;其以加热埋藏、近等温降压为特征的顺时针P- T轨迹指示了喜马拉雅造山带中段的大喜马拉雅岩系上部构造层位经历了长期持续的地壳增厚和高温麻粒岩相变质作用,以及早中新世(21~17 Ma)相对快速的减压抬升和随后(17 Ma之后)相对缓慢的折返至地表的演化过程。     

北大别黄土岭长英质麻粒岩的原岩、变质作用及源区热事件年龄的锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb测年约束

本研究应用激光剥蚀技术测定了北大别黄土岭高温-高压长英质麻粒岩锆石3个结构域的U-Pb年龄.变质锆石成因的碎屑锆石域的207Pb/206Pb年龄范围为(2493±54) Ma~(2500±180) Ma, 岩浆成因的碎屑锆石域的207Pb/206Pb年龄范围为2628~2690Ma, 其最大的206Pb/238U年龄为(2790±150) Ma, 变质增生或变质重结晶锆石域的不一致线上交点年龄为(2044.7±29.3) Ma.长英质麻粒岩的矿物组合成分、主量元素地球化学, 尤其是锆石副矿物内部结构特征显示其原岩为沉积岩.这表明, 麻粒岩原岩物质来自具有复杂热历史的蚀源区, 该蚀源区曾发生过~2.8Ga的岩浆作用和~2.5Ga变质作用, 因此其原岩的沉积年龄不应早于2.5Ga.高温-高压麻粒岩相变质作用的精确年龄为(2.04±0.03) Ga, 表明黄土岭麻粒岩是一个晚古元古代超高温变质岩之残块.      

北秦岭松树沟榴辉岩的确定及其地质意义

松树沟石榴石角闪岩(榴闪岩)呈透镜状产于松树沟超镁铁岩旁侧的斜长角闪岩中,一直以来被认为是形成于接触交代变质或麻粒岩相变质过程。详细岩相学及矿物元素分析,在榴闪岩的基质矿物、石榴石幔部及锆石包体中发现残留的绿辉石,而且石榴石也保存了明显的进变质主、微量元素成分环带,表明松树沟榴闪岩为榴辉岩退变质的产物,至少经历了从角闪岩相到榴辉岩相再到角闪岩相的三阶段顺时针PT演化过程。锆石定年结果得到榴辉岩的变质年龄为500±8Ma,原岩结晶时代为796±16Ma,与秦岭岩群北侧官坡超高压榴辉岩的变质年龄和原岩年龄完全一致,也与北秦岭区域高压-超高压变质时代和原岩的结晶时代一致。表明松树沟榴辉岩与北秦岭造山带已发现的高压-超高压变质岩石一起都应是古生代大陆深俯冲作用的结果,而松树沟超镁铁岩可能是俯冲的大陆板片在折返过程中携带的俯冲隧道中的交代地幔岩。     

鲁西郯城蛇纹岩微量元素和锆石U-Pb年代学:对华北陆块东部岩石圈地幔改造的启示

对鲁西郯城蛇纹岩进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和全岩微量元素研究。结果为:蛇纹岩中44颗锆石的年龄值可以分为5组,其中岩浆锆石的年龄为古元古代—新太古代(1 815～2 518 Ma)、新元古代(711 Ma、719 Ma)、早白垩世(106～122 Ma)和晚白垩世(78～92 Ma),而变质锆石形成于晚三叠世(225～231 Ma)。郯城蛇纹岩轻重稀土元素分馏不明显,相对富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、Th、U),相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Zr、Hf),整体上与华北陆块代表古老岩石圈地幔残留的橄榄岩类包体地球化学特征相类似。蛇纹岩的原岩为纯橄岩,是华北陆块东部古老岩石圈地幔的残留。古元古代—新太古代岩浆锆石的存在,代表拆沉的华北陆块基底物质对岩石圈地幔的改造;新元古代岩浆锆石和晚三叠世变质锆石的发育,表明蛇纹岩的原岩受到了由超高压变质作用的俯冲-断离扬子陆壳物质熔融产生的熔体改造;早白垩世和晚白垩世岩浆锆石年龄的出现,与华北陆块东部该时期发育的岩浆作用时间相一致。华北陆块东部岩石圈地幔受到多阶段、不同性质熔体的改造,改造的峰期发生在早白垩世,与华北陆块东部岩石圈发生大规模减薄的峰期时间一致。     

大别-苏鲁造山带高级变质岩中锆石微区U，Th和Pb化学组成特征统计

对大别-苏鲁造山带27个高级变质岩(以榴辉岩和片麻岩为主)中锆石进行了337次微区离子探针U.Th和Pb测定和U-Pb年龄研究。根据测定点年龄的不同，可以把变质岩中锆石分成三种不同成因区域，一是变质岩原岩(继承)锆石区域，它遭受了不同程度的变质重结晶作用，其^206Pb/^238U年龄值大于277Ma；二是三叠纪高压.超高压变质阶段形成的变质锆石区域，其年龄限定为273-184Ma；三是碰撞造山变质作用后形成的锆石区域，其年龄小于148Ma。对三种类型锆石中U，Th和Pb特征分析发现：片麻岩锆石中U的含量是榴辉岩类锆石中U的丰度的两倍，片麻岩类和榴辉岩类锆石中Th的丰度大致相近。各类岩石变质阶段形成的变质锆石和原岩锆石区域相比，U含量有升有降，而Th含量则大幅下降，下降幅度一般在2-10倍，高者可达20-30倍以上。除石榴石橄榄岩外，各类岩石变质锆石中区域的Th/U比都小于0.1，这是判断高压-超高压变质成因锆石的极重要化学指标。大别山超高压变质阶段后形成的锆石的Th/U比多数类似于其原岩锆石，少数接近变质锆石，说明白垩纪后期热扰动对变质岩中已存在的锆石的影响如同岩浆结晶过程。各类岩石中锆石Pb的含量变化比较复杂，Pb-U正相关性表明锆石中普通铅含量很低，绝大部分为放射成因铅。     

Refertilization of serpentinites in the Sulu UHP terrane,Eastern China: constraints from geochronology,mineral composition,geochemistry, and Re–Os isotopes

ABSTRACT

Serpentinites from Junan (JN), Rizhao (RZ), and Rongcheng (RC) in the Sulu ultra-high-pressure (UHP) terrane, China, were analysed for U–Pb zircon geochronology, mineral chemistry, whole-rock major and trace element chemistry (including rare-earth elements (REEs) and platinum-group elements (PGEs)), and Re–Os isotopes, in order to better constrain their petrogenesis and geodynamic process. The serpentinite zircons yield two age groups: 731 ± 10 to 780 ± 10 Ma for relic magmatic zircon cores, which may indicate early crystallization and emplacement of the peridotite in the Yangtze crust, and 209 ± 2 to 218 ± 3 Ma for metamorphic zircon, which coincides with Triassic UHP metamorphism. The spinels in the serpentinites exhibit significant Cr# variation (0.6–0.91) and have undergone multi-stage metamorphism. The serpentinites are characterized by enrichment in incompatible trace elements, low Ni and IPGE concentrations, and high Pd/Ir ratios, and the bulk-rock major elements plot in the ultramafic cumulate region. Their Re and Os concentrations are similar to those of typical orogenic peridotite, but they have high ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratios (0.12433–0.14423). We believe that the serpentinite’s protolith consisted of cumulates from an asthenosphere-derived melt that intruded into the continental crust of the Yangtze craton in the Neoproterozoic. These cumulates were later subducted and metamorphosed during the subduction of the Yangtze craton in the Triassic. The serpentinites underwent melt–rock interactions and fluid enrichment, both prior to and during serpentinization.     

超基性岩中锆石年龄的特征和意义——以西南天山UHP蛇纹岩中锆石U-Pb年龄为例

超基性岩本身难以生长锆石的特性,使得研究其中的锆石需要特别谨慎。超基性岩中的锆石虽然具有多解性,但是锆石也携带了很多演化信息。产出不同地质背景的超基性岩,其中的锆石特征不同。本文总结现有的研究实例表明:(1)经历高温高压变质作用的石榴橄榄岩通常通过交代作用获得锆石,且锆石能够记录峰期变质时代,其中的继承锆石较少,可能在高温高压条件下,继承锆石发生分解重结晶;(2)大洋蛇绿岩型超基性岩和地幔岩捕掳体中通常具有年龄分布很广的锆石年龄特征,锆石年龄峰值通常与区域上构造事件相吻合,为捕掳晶锆石。接下来本文以西南天山超高压(UHP)蛇纹岩为例,对其锆石年龄进行解释。西南天山蛇纹岩为经历过超高压变质作用的大洋蛇绿岩型超基性岩,2个蛇纹岩样品中锆石的阴极发光图像分析和SIMS U-Pb定年分析结果显示,西南天山UHP蛇纹岩中的锆石包含捕掳晶锆石和变质锆石,捕掳晶锆石的年龄为2.1~1.0Ga,对应该区变泥质岩中碎屑锆石记录的年龄峰值。409~537Ma可能代表了蛇纹岩原岩结晶时代。区域上的变质压力峰期年龄(~320Ma)在蛇纹岩中没有记录,仅有1颗锆石记录了309±5Ma的近峰期时代。270~155Ma的退变质时代在西南天山蛇纹岩中出现较广,这与榴辉岩中出现的退变年龄相吻合,代表了折返过程中较为普遍的后期热液事件。基于对超基性岩中锆石特征的初步了解,结合西南天山蛇纹岩的研究实例,认为通过研究锆石的年代学,结合锆石矿物化学、包体矿物学、同位素地球化学等特征,不仅可以提供年代学信息,还可以对超基性岩的来源和演化过程进行解析。     

蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋俯冲的记录：额尔古纳地区八大关变质杂岩的证据

本文对额尔古纳地块西缘八大关杂岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学分析,以确定该套杂岩的形成时代及其构造属性。原定义为"佳疙瘩组"的八大关杂岩主要由黑云角闪斜长片麻岩和花岗质糜棱岩组成。LA-ICP MS锆石U-Pb研究表明,3个样品的锆石发育典型的岩浆振荡环带,高Th/U(0.13~1.42),轻稀土元素亏损,重稀土元素富集,具有强烈的正Ce异常和强烈的负Eu异常等特征,表明锆石均属于岩浆成因。测年结果表明2个黑云角闪斜长片麻岩形成时代分别为210±2Ma、214±2Ma,花岗质糜棱岩的原岩年龄为203±3Ma;样品中同时存在~501Ma和~795Ma的捕获/继承锆石。上述结果显示八大关杂岩的形成时代应为晚三叠世而不是前人认为的新元古代,而捕获锆石则显示与东北其它地块具有相同的构造演化历史。地球化学研究显示,八大关杂岩具有高钠、铝等特点,A/CNK=0.86~1.05,A/NK=1.53~1.97,为准铝质到弱过铝质钙碱性系列;轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损(La/Yb)N=6~31,Eu弱亏损(Eu/Eu*=0.50~1.01),具有较高的Sr含量(在378×10-6~598×10-6之间)及低的Yb含量(在0.71×10-6~3.50×10-6之间);微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网模式图显示,富集Rb、Ba、K及Sr等大离子亲石元素、强烈亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ce及Ti等高场强元素。这些地球化学特征表明八大关杂岩形成于活动大陆边缘的岛弧环境。因此,八大关杂岩应形成于蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋向额尔古纳地块俯冲的大地构造背景,为蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋在三叠纪晚期南向俯冲提供了关键证据。     

Paleozoic serpentinite-enclosed chromitites from Tehuitzingo (Acatlán Complex, southern Mexico): a petrological and mineralogical study

The serpentinites and associated chromitite bodies in Tehuitzingo (Acatlán Complex, southern Mexico) are in close relationship with eclogitic rocks enclosed within a metasedimentary sequence, suggesting that the serpentinites, chromitites and eclogitic rocks underwent a common metamorphic history.Primary chromites from the chromitite bodies at Tehuitzingo are of refractory-grade (Al-rich) and have a chemical composition similar to that expected to be found in an ophiolitic environment. The chromite grains in chromitites and serpentinites are systematically altered to ‘ferritchromite’. The alteration trend is usually characterized by a decrease in the Al, Mg and Cr contents coupled by an increase in Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺.The Tehutizingo chromitites have low Platinum Group Elements (PGE) contents, ranging from 102 to 303 ppb. The chondrite-normalized PGE patterns are characterized by an enrichment in the Ir-subgroup elements (IPGE=Os, Ir, Ru) relative to the Pd-subgroup elements (PPGE=Rh, Pt, Pd). In addition, all chromitite samples display a negative slope from Ru to Pd [(Os+Ir+Ru)/(Pt+Pd)=4.78−14.13]. These patterns, coupled with absolute PGE abundances, are typical of ophiolitic chromitites elsewhere. Moreover, all the analyzed samples exhibit chondrite-normalized PGE patterns similar to those found for non-metamorphosed ophiolitic chromitites. Thus, the PGE distribution patterns found in the Tehuitzingo chromitites have not been significantly affected by any subsequent Paleozoic high-pressure (eclogite facies) metamorphic event.The chondrite-normalized PGE patterns of the enclosing serpentinites also indicate that the PGE distribution in the residual mantle peridotites exposed in Tehuitzingo was unaffected by high-pressure metamorphism, or subsequent hydrothermal alteration since the serpentinites show a similar pattern to that of partially serpentinized peridotites present in mantle sequences of non-metamorphosed ophiolites.Our main conclusion is that the chromitites and serpentinites from Tehuizingo experienced no significant redistribution (or concentration) of PGE during the serpentinization process or the high-pressure metamorphic path, or during subsequent alteration processes. If any PGE mobilization occurred, it was restricted to individual chromitite bodies without changing the bulk-rock PGE composition.Our data suggest that the Tehuitzingo serpentinites and associated chromitites are a fragment of oceanic lithosphere formed in an arc/back-arc environment, and represent an ophiolitic mantle sequence from a supra-subduction zone, the chemical composition of which remained essentially unchanged during the alteration and metamorphic events that affected the Acatlán Complex.     

Metamorphic growth and recrystallization of zircon: Distinction by simultaneous in-situ analyses of trace elements,U–Th–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopes in zircons from eclogite-facies rocks in the Sulu orogen

Simultaneous in-situ analyses of trace elements, U–Th–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopes were carried out on distinct domains of zircons in ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) eclogite-facies metamorphic rocks from the main hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) in the Sulu orogen. For the first time, trace elements are directly linked to Lu–Hf isotopes in metamorphic zircons with reference to their U–Pb dates. This enables methodological integration to distinguish four types of metamorphic zircon: solid-state, replacement and dissolution recrystallizations of protolith zircons, and new growth from the aqueous fluid. Metamorphically grown zircons are characterized by concordant U–Pb ages for the metamorphism, flat HREE patterns typical of the garnet effect, low contents of REE (especially HREE), Y, Nb + Ta and Th + U, high contents of Hf, low (Lu/Gd)_N, Lu/Hf and Th/U (< 0.1) ratios, and elevated ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios relative to solid-state recrystallized zircons. This suggests the effects of both garnet and fluid on the growth of metamorphic zircons. In contrast, metamorphic recrystallization has reset the U–Th–Pb isotope system of protolith zircons to different extents, depending on the extents of fluid action during metamorphism. Solid-state recrystallized zircons exhibit the lowest degrees of resetting and thus almost inherit all geochemical features from the protolith zircons, which are characterized by discordant U–Pb ages close to or below the protolith age, steep MREE–HREE patterns typical of magmatic origin, high contents of trace elements and their ratios, and low ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios. On the other hand, dissolution recrystallized zircons show the highest degrees of reworking and thus have concordant or nearly concordant U–Pb ages for the metamorphism, steep MREE–HREE patterns, lowered contents of trace elements such as REE, Th, U, Y, Nb, Ta and Ti relative to the protolith zircons, and almost unchanged Hf isotope ratios. Replacement recrystallized zircons display intermediate degrees of reworking and thus have their many features of elements and isotopes in between. While the metamorphic growth in the presence of both garnet and fluid is characterized by both depletion of HREE with flat pattern and the low contents of trace elements, the metamorphic recrystallization in the presence of aqueous fluid is indicated by gradual decreases of MREE to HREE without the flat HREE pattern. Therefore, the simultaneous in-situ analyses of metamorphic zircons have the advantage over single-term analyses in making distinction between the new growth and the different types of recrystallization.     

南公珠错地幔橄榄岩:雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段一个典型的大洋地幔橄榄岩

西藏阿里地区的南公珠错蛇绿岩产在公珠错的南侧,空间上属于雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段之南亚带蛇绿岩。该蛇绿岩主要由地幔橄榄岩和辉长岩等基性岩类组成。地幔橄榄岩中约80%为方辉橄榄岩,20%为二辉橄榄岩,纯橄岩较少。南公珠错地幔橄榄岩矿物化学特征表现为橄榄石具有较低的Fo(89.3~91.4)值、辉石具有较高的Al_2O_3含量(1.89%~6.06%)、尖晶石具有较低的Cr~#(12.7~28.3)值。与原始地幔相比南公珠错地幔橄榄岩的全岩地球化学特征具有较高的MgO含量和较低的Al_2O_3、CaO和TiO_2等易熔元素含量;方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩的稀土元素总含量分别介于0.66×10-6~1.10×10-6和0.90×10~(-6)~3.78×10~(-6)之间,明显低于原始地幔值,其稀土元素配分模式为轻稀土元素轻微富集型;在原始地幔标准化微量元素蜘蛛图中,南公珠错地幔橄榄岩显示出强烈的U正异常、Nd轻微正异常和强不相容元素Zr的负异常;方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩的铂族元素总量分别介于15.26×10~(-9)~25.23×10~(-9)和18.74×10~(-9)~26.86×10~(-9)之间,二者含量的变化较小,南公珠错地幔橄榄岩PGEs球粒陨石标准化图解显示其为接近于原始地幔的"平坦型"。南公珠错地幔橄榄岩的矿物化学和全岩地球化学特征与深海橄榄岩相似,指示它们可能形成于大洋扩张脊环境。定量模拟估算表明,南公珠错地幔橄榄岩可能来源于地幔中的尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩源区,系经历了至多16%部分熔融的残余。LREE的微富集和较高的Pd/Ir、Rh/Ir比值指示它们还经历了岩石-熔体反应作用。初步结论认为南公珠错地幔橄榄岩形成于大洋脊环境,为尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩地幔源区较低程度部分熔融的残余,但经历了后期岩石-熔体反应作用。     

浙东南松阳县枫坪组沉积岩碎屑锆石年代学及地质意义

利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱技术(LA-ICP-MS)对浙东南松阳县枫坪组地层底部的细砂岩进行了锆石U-Pb定年及稀土元素分析。样品中大部分碎屑锆石具有较好的振荡环带且Th/U值大于0. 1,表明其为岩浆成因。碎屑锆石中稀土元素含量变化范围较大,(La/Yb)_N值为0～0. 29,LREE/HREE值为0. 003×10~(-6)～0. 977×10~(-6),表明样品中锆石的轻、重稀土元素分异程度较小且重稀土元素相对富集,具有轻稀土元素含量低、重稀土元素含量高的左倾模式且具有负Eu异常、正Ce异常的特征,表明碎屑锆石主要以岩浆锆石为主,同时存在少量的变质锆石。碎屑锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,最年轻的锆石年龄为193 Ma,显示枫坪组沉积岩成岩年龄不晚于193 Ma。碎屑锆石年龄可分为4组,分别为2 461～1 743 Ma、887 Ma、435和422 Ma、330～193 Ma。碎屑锆石的主要年龄区间分别与已知的构造-岩浆热事件时间相对应(吕梁期、晋宁期、加里东期和印支-海西期),表明本区的构造岩浆活动与中国大地构造运动相一致,并具有幕式发展的特征。通过对枫坪组沉积岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄的系统分析并与可能物源区的年代学对比研究,认为枫坪组沉积岩物质来源主要是周边出露的中条期侵入岩体和浙东南出露的印支期花岗岩体。     

Timing of UHP metamorphism in the Hong’an area,western Dabie Mountains,China: evidence from zircon U–Pb age,trace element and Hf isotope composition

The Hong’an area (western Dabie Mountains) is the westernmost terrane in the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu orogen that preserves UHP eclogites. The ages of the UHP metamorphism have not been well constrained, and thus hinder our understanding of the tectonic evolution of this area. LA-ICPMS U–Pb age, trace element and Hf isotope compositions of zircons of a granitic gneiss and an eclogite from the Xinxian UHP unit in the Hong’an area were analyzed to constrain the age of the UHP metamorphism. Most zircons are unzoned or show sector zoning. They have low trace element concentrations, without significant negative Eu anomalies. These metamorphic zircons can be further subdivided into two groups according to their U–Pb ages, and trace element and Lu–Hf isotope compositions. One group with an average age of 239 ± 2 Ma show relatively high and variable HREE contents (527 ≥ Lu_N ≥ 14) and ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios (0.00008–0.000931), indicating their growth prior to a great deal of garnet growth in the late stage of continental subduction. The other group yields an average age of 227 ± 2 Ma, and shows consistent low HREE contents and ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios, suggesting their growth with concurrent garnet crystallization and/or recrystallization. These two groups of age are taken as recording the time of prograde HP to UHP and retrograde UHP–HP stages, respectively. A few cores have high Th/U ratios, high trace element contents, and a clear negative Eu anomaly. These features support a magmatic origin of these zircon cores. The upper intercept ages of 771 ± 86 and 752 ± 70 Ma for the granitic gneiss and eclogite, respectively, indicate that their protoliths probably formed as a bimodal suite in rifting zones in the northern margin of the Yangtze Block. Young Hf model ages (T _DM1) of magmatic cores indicate juvenile (mantle-derived) materials were involved in their protolith formation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

甘肃北山牛圈子地区志留纪骆驼圈西岩体的岩石成因及构造意义

北山牛圈子地区的骆驼圈西埃达克岩为过铝质钙碱性岩浆系列,具有高的SiO_2(57.94%)、Al_2O_3(16.66%)和低的MgO(4.32%)含量,较高的Na_2O/K_2O比值(3.13),显示富钠的特征;而在微量元素上,高Sr(589×10~(-6)~1170×10~(-6)),低Y(4.60×10~(-6)~13.90×10~(-6))和Yb(0.43×10~(-6)~1.32×10~(-6));轻重稀土分异明显(La/Dy)N=4.60~13.87、(La/Yb)N=7.17~20.58,Eu异常不明显(Eu/Eu*=0.85~1.32);富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,而亏损高场强元素Nb,Ta,Ti和重稀土HREE,与世界上典型的俯冲洋壳熔融形成的埃达克岩特征相似。结合区域上埃达克岩的研究成果和岀露的构造位置,以及与牛圈子蛇绿岩的关系,认为骆驼圈西埃达克岩是志留纪(U-Pb年龄为428.9 Ma)时期热的洋壳向公婆泉—东七一山早古生代活动陆缘带俯冲过程中部分熔融的产物。对该岩体的研究,为进一步研究北山造山带早古生代北山洋盆闭合和晚古生代北山洋盆重新裂开提供新的依据。     

Age of zircon from apoharzburgite serpentinite representing mantle of the Uralian paleoocean

Over 60 zircon grains from apoharzburgite serpentinite were dated using SHRIMP–IIe/mc at the Laboratory IBERSIMS of the Granada University (Spain). The apoharzburgite serpentinite represents an oceanic mantle of the Uralian paleoocean, which was exhumed in the crustal structures of the Paleozoic Ural Mobile Belt during obduction. Individual grains span a huge ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age range from 2740 to 250 Ma and are clustered into six discrete age groups (in Ma): (I) > 2500, (II) 2500–1950, (III) 1260–1210, (IV) 480–400, (V) 370–330, and (VI) < 280. Two last groups were formed under the effect of granitoids on serpentinites. The traces of this effect were studied in outcrops and confirmed by age of zircon from contact talc–carbonate rock. The morphologies of zircon crystals from serpentinite bear signs typical of both magmatic and metamorphic varieties, which indicate their polygenetic–polychronous nature. No striking morphological features and peculiar U and Th contents were found in the studied zircons to discriminate unambiguously between different age groups. Pre-Paleozoic events with ages of groups I–III were found in zircons from many oceanic mantle rocks. The similarity of age groups of zircons from Paleozoic and modern oceanic lithosphere is caused by global mantle reworkings, which provoke magma generation and metasomatism probably accompanied by zircon crystallization.