吐哈盆地南缘克孜尔塔格复式岩体中花岗闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年及岩体侵位时代讨论

克孜尔塔格岩体侵入最新地层为下石炭统干墩岩组.该岩体中剪切变形的花岗闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年为271.6Ma±1.6Ma,此年龄值介于王瑜等所研究剪切作用的年龄276～254Ma之间,岩体侵位时代应略早于变形时代,为晚石炭世末至早二叠世早期,271.6Ma为岩体结晶年龄,时代为早二叠世晚期.     

东天山吐哈盆地南缘二叠纪幔源岩浆杂岩：中亚地区陆壳垂向生长的地质记录

吐哈盆地南缘土屋铜矿以西侵入泥盆纪火山沉积岩系的海豹滩环状杂岩体,由纯橄榄岩、含长橄榄岩、橄长岩、斜长岩、辉石橄榄岩、橄榄辉长岩、辉长岩和闪长岩等组成,其中蚀变辉长岩中的锆石SHRIMPU_Pb年龄为269.2±3.2Ma,斜长岩中的锆石SHRIMPU_Pb表面年龄为282~287Ma;侵入康古尔塔格碰撞带变形石炭系地层的恰特卡尔塔格杂岩体由蛇纹岩、含橄榄斜长岩、蚀变辉长岩和闪长岩等组成,蚀变辉长岩中的锆石SHRIMPU_Pb年龄为277.0±1.6Ma;侵入大南湖泥盆纪活动陆缘型花岗岩的基性岩墙中的锆石SHRIMPU_Pb表面年龄为271~280Ma,类似的基性岩墙还见于克孜尔卡拉萨依早石炭世花岗闪长岩和土屋铜矿北花岗闪长岩体。上述两个镁铁质—超镁铁质杂岩体不同岩石类型及侵入三个花岗质岩体的基性岩墙的岩石学和岩石化学特征,表明它们都是来自亏损地幔并受到地壳物质混染的岩浆活动的影响,属于东天山吐哈盆地南缘幔源岩浆杂岩带的一部分。结合已有区域地质资料的综合分析,提出了吐哈盆地南缘及天山—准噶尔—南蒙古地区、斋桑碰撞带及其两侧地区、环蒙古—鄂霍茨克造山带地区和中朝陆块北缘—北山南部地区二叠纪岩浆岩带的构造背景与成因机制都存在差异、但都是中亚地区地壳垂向生长的地质记录的新认识。     

陕西柞水地区小茅岭复式岩体东段LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年

小茅岭复式岩体东段主要由早期宋家屋场蚀变角闪辉绿(辉长)岩体和晚期迷魂阵蚀变闪长岩体、磨沟峡蚀变石英闪长岩体、叶家湾蚀变二长闪长岩体组成.经LA-ICp-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年,分别获得宋家屋场岩体侵位年龄864.4Ma±1.7Ma,迷魂阵岩体846.7Ma±2.7Ma,磨沟峡岩体为859.4Ma±1.7Ma,叶家湾岩体861.1Ma+1.8Ma,确证该复式岩体形成于新元古代.鉴于在小茅岭-陡岭隆起带的早前寒武系变质岩中曾获得与北秦岭造山事件(1000-848Ma)相一致的变质年龄,结合该复式岩体自身的特征,认为小茅岭复式岩体东段形成于后造山应力松弛的构造环境.     

西藏桑耶寺西松卡村古新世石英闪长岩锆石U-Pb定年和Lu-Hf同位素组成及其构造意义

为解释冈底斯南缘中酸性岩体构造环境及物质来源等信息,以西藏桑耶寺西松卡村的石英闪长岩为研究对象,通过开展锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素组成、全岩地球化学分析与研究,结果表明:(1)松卡村石英闪长岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄为65.0Ma±1.2Ma;(2)松卡村石英闪长岩体具有富铝(16.97%～18.33%)的准铝质钙碱性系列岩石特征,样品富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,在构造判别图解中样品多落在挤压岛弧区域,表明其形成构造环境应为俯冲岛弧环境;(3)锆石Hf同位素显示εHf(t)值为9.3～13.3,即具有很高的正值,单阶段模式年龄集中在207.1 Ma—370.2Ma,大于其侵位年龄,表明幔源岩浆在侵位过程中受到地壳物质的混染;(4)结合区域构造演化史,认为西松卡村石英闪长岩体形成于新特提斯洋向拉萨地块俯冲过程中的陆缘弧期。     

大兴安岭海拉尔地区北秋叶山岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

大兴安岭中生代花岗岩成因和构造背景的确定对讨论东北地区中生代构造-岩浆演化具有重要意义。笔者对大兴安岭中北段海拉尔盆地北缘的北秋叶山石英闪长岩岩体进行了锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年研究。结果显示:锆石具有清晰的生长振荡环带,其Th/U比值为0.64~1.16,属于典型的岩浆成因锆石;获得的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(227.6±1.2)Ma(n=25,MSWD=1.08),代表了北秋叶山岩体的结晶年龄,岩体的时代为晚三叠世,该岩体的形成可能与该区西侧的蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋演化相关。     

东昆仑都兰县可可沙地区加里东期石英闪长岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及其意义

野外调研和室内综合分析表明,出露于东昆仑造山带东段都兰可可沙地区的加里东期石英闪长岩体包括4种岩石类型:①灰—深灰色中粒石英闪长岩;②灰色中粒片麻状石英闪长岩;③灰色中粗粒角闪石英闪长岩;④浅肉红色中细粒似斑状二长花岗岩。用LA-ICP-MS法进行了锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测定,样品11013的锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为515.2Ma±4.4Ma(MSWD=2.5),限定该石英闪长岩体的形成时代为中寒武世,表明东昆仑造山带加里东早期存在一期岩浆活动事件。     

河南三门峡市曲里石英闪长斑岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其地质意义

河南省三门峡市曲里石英闪长斑岩中锆石的阴极发光图像显示其具有两种类型,即具有细微震荡环带的自形锆石和具有继承核与生长边的浑圆状锆石。具有细微震荡环带岩浆锆石的SHRIMPU-Pb年龄(117.7±1.6Ma)显示该石英闪长斑岩体的形成时间为早白垩世;浑圆状锆石核部SHRIMPU-Pb谐和年龄为620Ma和219Ma,这表明该石英闪长斑岩的母岩浆可能起源于经历了超高压变质作用改造的华南地块基底物质的部分熔融。     

陕西柞水地区小茅岭复式岩体东段LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年

小茅岭复式岩体东段主要由早期宋家屋场蚀变角闪辉绿(辉长)岩体和晚期迷魂阵蚀变闪长岩体、磨沟峡蚀变石英闪长岩体、叶家湾蚀变二长闪长岩体组成。经LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年,分别获得宋家屋场岩体侵位年龄864.4Ma±1.7Ma,迷魂阵岩体846.7Ma±2.7Ma,磨沟峡岩体为859.4Ma ±1.7Ma,叶家湾岩体861.1Ma±1.8Ma,确证该复式岩体形成于新元古代。鉴于在小茅岭-陡岭隆起带的早前寒武系变质岩中曾获得与北秦岭造山事件(1000～848Ma)相一致的变质年龄,结合该复式岩体自身的特征,认为小茅岭复式岩体东段形成于后造山应力松弛的构造环境。     

陕西柞水地区小茅岭复式岩体东段LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb定年

小茅岭复式岩体东段主要由早期宋家屋场蚀变角闪辉绿（辉长）岩体和晚期迷魂阵蚀变闪长岩体、磨沟峡蚀变石英闪长岩体、叶家湾蚀变二长闪长岩体纽成。经LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb同位素测年,分别获得宋家屋场岩体侵位年龄864．4Ma±1．7Ma,迷魂阵岩体846．7Ma±2．7Ma,磨沟峡岩体为859．4Ma±1．7Ma,叶家湾岩体861．1Ma±1．8Ma,确证该复式岩体形成于新元古代。鉴于在小茅岭-陡岭隆起带的早前寒武系变质岩中曾获得与北秦岭造山事件（1000-848Ma）相一致的变质年龄,结合该复式岩体自身的特征,认为小茅岭复式岩体东段形成于后造山应力松弛的构造环境。     

东天山造山带右行剪切变形及构造演化的40Ar-39Ar年代学证据

对新疆东天山觉罗格地区克孜尔塔格岩体（舌状岩体）角闪石、黑云母和钾长石进行了^40Ar/^39Ar年代学及热年代学研究，为确定该区右行走滑作用及NS向挤压作用结束的时间，提供了科学依据。研究表明，东天山造山带，NS向挤压作用结束于276Ma，右行走滑发生于276Ma至240－239Ma间，主要集中于276－253.9Ma。     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义

在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

深港西部通道填海区地下水铜、钒、铊、镉、钨迁移的实验研究

填海工程使滨海地区的地下水物理化学条件改变,导致该区域地下水中重金属浓度升高。本文以深港西部通道填海区为例,采用实验室模拟填海条件的办法,初步探讨了影响填海区地下水重金属迁移的关键因素。模拟实验结果表明,填海区地下水中钨元素含量升高与地下水淡化、淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;铜元素含量升高则与淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;钒元素含量升高与地下水淡化和淤泥氧化过程有关,而其他元素含量升高则主要与填料风化释放有关。     

西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体岩石成因

以出露在西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体为研究对象,从野外地质调查、岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、元素和Lu-Hf同位素地球化学等方面对其进行了分析研究。结果显示：秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体类似于A型花岗岩,形成于古近纪(E1),其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(62.0±0.5)~(63.0±0.5) Ma;岩体形成的温度较高(锆石饱和温度为745~805 ℃,平均766 ℃);岩石富SiO2(72.6%~75.0%)、Na2O(2.86%~3.59%)和K2O(4.12%~5.25%),贫CaO(0.72%~1.39%)和MgO(0.26%~0.36%),高FeOT/MgO值(7.26~10.3),属高钾钙碱性系列,弱过铝质;岩石具明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.40~0.70),普遍表现出Ba、Sr、P、Ti元素的亏损和Rb、Th、K、Zr、Hf元素的富集。εHf(t)值为-4.7~-1.8,其两阶段地壳Hf模式年龄tDM2为(1.1~1.3) Ga。秦马弄A型花岗岩体是冈底斯基底地壳物质部分熔融的岩浆产物,形成于古近纪印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲碰撞引起的总体为岛弧背景下的局部拉张构造环境。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Geology, mineralogy, and PGE mineralization of the copper-nickel occurrences of the Kvinum ore field, Sredinny Range, Kamchatka

The geology and mineralogy of host metamorphic rocks, the mineralogy of sulfide ores, and the distribution of PGE mineralization were studied in detail for the Kvinum-1 and Kvinum-2 copper-nickel occurrences of the Kvinum ore field, which are the most promising targets for the copper-nickel-PGE mineralization of the Sredinny Range of Kamchatka. It was established that stringer-disseminated and massive copper-nickel ores are localized in amphibole peridotites, cortlandites, and form ore bodies varying from tens of centimeters to 5–20 m thick among the layered cortlandite-gabbroid massifs. The massive sulfide ores were found only at the bottom of cortlandite bodies and upsection grade into stringer-disseminated and disseminated ores. Pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and pentlandite are the major ore minerals with a sharply subordinate amount of pyrite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, and löllingite. Besides pentlandite, the Ni-bearing minerals include sulforasenides (gersdorffite), arsenides (nickeline), and tellurides (melonite) of nickel. It was found that PGE mineralization represented by antimonides (sudburyite) and tellurobismuthides (michenerite) of Pd with sharply subordinate platinum arsenide (sperrylite) is confined to the apical parts of massive sulfide zones and the transition zone to the stringer-disseminated ores. Ore intervals enriched in arsenides and tellurides of Ni, Pd, and Bi contain high-purity gold. In the central parts of the orebodies, the contents of PGE and native gold are insignificant. It is suggested that the contents of major sulfide minerals and the productivity of PGE mineralization in the cortlandites are defined by combined differentiation and sulfurization of ultramafic derivatives under the effect of fluids, which are accumulated at the crystallization front and cause layering of parental magmas with different sulfur contents. The fluid-assisted layering of mafic-ultramafic massifs resulted in the contrasting distribution of PGM in response to uneven distribution of sulfur (as well as As, Te, and Bi) during liquid immiscibility. The productivity of PGE mineralization significantly increases with increasing contents of S, As, Te, and Bi (elements to which Pt and, especially, Pd have high affinity) in fluids.     

Depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer, based on geophysical exploration, southern Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA

 A geophysical survey was conducted to determine the depth of the base of the water-table aquifer in the southern part of Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA. Audio-magnetotellurics (AMT) measurements at 77 sites in the study area yielded electrical-resistivity logs of the subsurface, and these were used to infer lithologic changes with depth. A 100–600 ohm-m geoelectric layer, designated the Jackson aquifer, was used to represent surficial saturated, unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age. The median depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer is estimated to be 200 ft (61 m), based on 62 sites that had sufficient resistivity data. AMT-measured values were kriged to predict the depth to the base of the aquifer throughout the southern part of Jackson Hole. Contour maps of the kriging predictions indicate that the depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer is shallow in the central part of the study area near the East and West Gros Ventre Buttes, deeper in the west near the Teton fault system, and shallow at the southern edge of Jackson Hole. Predicted, contoured depths range from 100 ft (30 m) in the south, near the confluences of Spring Creek and Flat Creek with the Snake River, to 700 ft (210 m) in the west, near the town of Wilson, Wyoming. Received, May 1997 · Revised, February 1998 · Accepted, April 1998