高精度磁测在山西孤山隐伏铁矿勘查中的应用

山西孤山铁矿是被长城系高于庄组白云岩和第四系覆盖的全隐伏矿床。通过地面高精度磁法测量,获取了磁异常数据,圈定了磁异常范围,磁异常总体呈NE走向,长约4000m,平均宽约800m。通过化极、不同高度的延拓处理和拟合反演,根据异常特征结合地质资料分析,确定了隐伏磁铁矿的分布和空间特征,为矿床进一步勘探和开发提供了地球物理依据。     

山东禹城李屯地区重磁异常特征与找矿预测

近年来,山东禹城取得了富铁矿找矿重大突破,具有良好的找矿潜力,但区内尚有多处局部异常尚未查证。该区新生界厚度大(900～1100 m)、磁铁矿体埋藏深,矿体引起的地球物理异常弱,找矿难度大。为系统总结该区磁铁矿异常特征,为钻孔部署提供依据,重点剖析了禹城李屯地区航空重磁平面异常特征、地面高精度磁测异常特征,总结了矽卡岩型铁矿主要重磁异常找矿标志,主要为化极磁异常、剩余磁异常、垂向导数和总梯度模的异常中心,圈定了叠道村和于庄村2处找矿靶区。通过地震约束下的2.5D重磁剖面反演,推断了矿体赋存位置,指导部署了验证钻孔孔位,经钻探验证在禹城市李屯地区叠道村异常取得重大找矿新突破。研究成果对于该区下一步找矿勘查和其他深覆盖区矽卡岩型富铁矿找矿具有指导作用和借鉴意义。     

天津市地球物理场特征及基底构造研究

利用重、磁、电资料对天津市地球物理场和基底构造特征进行了综合分析和研究。研究认为:重、磁、电综合地球物理场可以较好的复原研究区当今构造格架,区域性的地球物理场总体是太古宇结晶基底的反应,局部异常场的变化与中生代以前形成的褶皱基底的起伏关系密切,表现出被断裂分割的断块组合的特点,沿深大断裂多有磁性火山岩分布。在圈定主控断裂体系的基础上,划分了马兰峪复式背斜、冀中坳陷、沧县隆起、黄骅坳陷4大构造单元,并依据重磁异常对区内局部构造和磁性体的分布进行了圈定,这些成果为区域地壳稳定性和矿产资源评价提供了基础地球物理资料依据。     

冀东马城沉积变质型铁矿床流体包裹体研究

司家营铁矿床是冀东地区典型的沉积变质型铁矿床,也是冀东地区最大的铁矿床,累计探明资源量达32亿吨。本文首先对司家营铁矿的区域地质、矿区地质及控矿条件等进行了系统总结,并结合前人对司家营铁矿构造背景、成矿时代、铁矿成因及后期改造作用的研究,初步建立了司家营铁矿的成矿模式。通过对司家营铁矿的航磁、地磁异常特征、区域重力异常特征及可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)剖面进行解析和矿致异常信息的提取,认为重磁法为主、电法为辅的地球物理方法在该地区可有效圈定矿集区。因此,本文在总结归纳司家营铁矿矿床地质控矿条件及地球物理特征的基础上,建立了司家营铁矿地质-地球物理找矿模型。该模型的建立可为滦县-滦南-昌黎地区进一步开展沉积变质型铁矿的找矿工作提供理论依据。     

冀东司家营沉积变质型铁矿床找矿模型

司家营铁矿床是冀东地区典型的沉积变质型铁矿床,也是冀东地区最大的铁矿床,累计探明资源量达32亿吨。本文首先对司家营铁矿的区域地质、矿区地质及控矿条件等进行了系统总结,并结合前人对司家营铁矿构造背景、成矿时代、铁矿成因及后期改造作用的研究,初步建立了司家营铁矿的成矿模式。通过对司家营铁矿的航磁、地磁异常特征、区域重力异常特征及可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)剖面进行解析和矿致异常信息的提取,认为重磁法为主、电法为辅的地球物理方法在该地区可有效圈定矿集区。因此,本文在总结归纳司家营铁矿矿床地质控矿条件及地球物理特征的基础上,建立了司家营铁矿地质-地球物理找矿模型。该模型的建立可为滦县-滦南-昌黎地区进一步开展沉积变质型铁矿的找矿工作提供理论依据。     

磁法勘探在尼勒克县松湖铁矿中的应用

对尼勒克县松湖铁矿进行的地面磁法测量工作,获取了直接的磁异常数据。通过化极处理和不同高度的延拓分析,圈定了4个磁异常体,并通过用二度半重、磁异常人机联作实时二维剖面反演,拟合出矿体的形态特征,分析了其对应异常体的相对深度,为矿床勘探提供了较为明确的地球物理依据。     

基于航空重磁资料对大杨树盆地南部及周边岩浆岩分布规律的认识

基于区域地质-地球物理综合研究, 利用最新实测的航空重磁综合测量数据, 结合野外踏勘与物性测量结果, 采用化极、向上延拓、垂向导数等场源分离或异常提取技术, 研究了大杨树盆地南部及周边不同类型岩浆岩的重磁异常响应, 圈定了其空间分布范围, 揭示了区域岩浆岩发育特征、分布规律及其控制因素。研究表明, 研究区不同类型的岩浆岩具有迥然不同的航磁异常特征; 本次采用的突出局部重磁异常的地球物理方法可以有效识别酸性、中酸性、中基性等岩浆岩; 本次系统圈定了具有地质意义的岩浆岩百余处, 多数岩浆岩沿北东向与北西向断裂及其两侧分布, 尤以断裂交汇部位最为发育, 说明断裂对岩浆活动具有明显的控制作用; 航空重磁揭示研究区发育较大规模的隐伏中基性火山岩, 为区域基础地质研究和火山岩盆地油气藏资源评价提供了重要的地质-地球物理依据。     

云南省惠民铁矿床地球物理找矿模型及资源量估算

通过对惠民铁矿床所在区域、地区、位置三个不同层次的重、磁场特征进行研究,建立了澜沧惠民铁矿床的地球物理找矿模型.结合已验证的钻孔资料及矿石参数,用磁异常拟合体积法求取了76线C1、C2磁异常的资源量,用类比法对矿区其他磁异常进行了资源量估算,与已探明的资源量相比,该矿区尚有一定的找矿潜力.     

崤山地区重磁异常与成矿

崤山地区地球物理异常配套发育,重力低异常和正磁异常吻合对应,显示重磁异常同源的可能性.已知矿床及地球化学异常在重、磁异常范围内分布.研究认为该地球物理异常由隐伏的中酸性岩体引起,岩体在侵入定位时,岩浆热液活化、携带成矿物质并迁移到有利的成矿部位形成工业矿床.侵入岩体的定位空间、物性参数及成矿作用形成了隐伏岩体、矿床分布与地球物理异常形态的相关性.     

地面磁法在隐伏铁矿勘查中的应用——-以河北滦平Ⅱ号铁矿为例

河北滦平Ⅱ号铁矿是被中生代地层覆盖的全隐伏矿床,通过对其进行地面磁法测量,获取了直接的磁异常数据,圈定了磁异常体范围.磁异常由一系列大于800 nT的串珠状正异常相间排列而成,总体上呈北东走向,局部折成"之"字形,在转折端部位形成异常中心.通过化极处理和不同高度的延拓分析,圈定出4个高值异常区,并分析了其对应异常体的相对深度,为矿床勘探提供了较为明确的地球物理依据.     

CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。     

Geography in general education in Nigeria

This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics, students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students. The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs.     

Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal

Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates. In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005. The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and natural systems.     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。     

地下水环境中的硫代砷研究进展

硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。     

花岗岩地区地下水水文地质特征分析

通过对泰安市岱岳区花岗岩地区地下水的形成条件、地下水类型、分布状况、水文地质特征以及地下水补给、径流、排泄条件的分析,指出了花岗岩地区供水方向。     

Recent advances in aquaculture in Japan

Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry.     

Some Measurements of Radon in Soils and in Stream-Water in County Durham

Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters.     

内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究

为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。