PVA无固相冲洗液在吉林珲春松林油页岩矿区水敏地层中的应用

详细介绍了PVA冲洗液特点,护壁机理,对钻进技术效果进行了分析评价,结果表明PVA无固相冲洗液结合套管浅部护壁,对于复杂地层钻进其护壁、堵漏是一种既经济又有效的处理方法。     

无固相冲洗液在复杂地层钻进中的应用

钻进松散、破碎、坍塌、水敏等复杂地层，最常用的护壁办法是用泥浆和下套管。穿过复杂地层对泥浆性能要求很高，稍有疏忽就会导致孔内事故，从而增加了其使用难度。无固相冲洗液以其高分子聚合物吸附能力强、胶结性能好、配制使用简便等特点，为解决这些复杂地层钻进问题提供了新的途径。在几个典型矿区分别应用DWY-Ⅱ型、PAA和HJ-l三种无固相冲洗液，成功地解决了复杂地层钻进中护壁、取心等技术难题。     

某矿区ZK-0207水文地质孔深孔钻探施工实践与认识

全面介绍了某矿区ZK-0207水文地质钻孔钻遇地层、所用钻探设备、钻孔结构、钻进参数、冲洗液选用与护壁、钻头的选用等具体措施,重点分析和总结了钻进参数和冲洗液使用工艺技术,并总结了深孔钻探技术方面的几点体会。     

浩布高矿区复杂地层钻进护壁堵漏技术

介绍了浩布高矿区复杂地层钻进中所采取的护壁堵漏技术措施。根据岩层及孔深情况采用了套管护壁堵漏、冲洗液护壁堵漏、水泥封孔护壁堵漏等措施,在实际工作中均收到了较好的效果。套管护壁堵漏简洁、护壁安全可靠;冲洗液护壁堵漏所用的人工钠土低固相泥浆对孔内坍塌、掉块具有较高的抑制功能;水泥封孔护壁堵漏效果好。套管护壁堵漏及水泥封孔护壁堵漏为绳索取心使用无固相钻井液钻进创造了条件,能有效地提高钻进效率。施工中根据钻孔实际情况所采取相应的堵漏措施,收到了良好的效果。     

CL植物胶复合无固相冲洗液在复杂地层绳索取心钻进中的应用与研究

为满足复杂地层绳索取心钻探技术的需要,寻找、配制了既能代替泥浆具有良好的护壁堵漏性能,又能满足绳索取心钻进技术要求的CL植物胶复合无固相冲洗液。详细介绍了CL植物胶复合无固相冲洗液的配方和配制工艺、性能指标测试与评价、护壁机理认识及应用效果。     

贵州省独山县半坡锑矿钻探技术的优化选择

针对贵州省独山县半坡锑矿比较复杂的地层,从钻孔结构设计、钻进工艺选择、金刚石钻头选型、钻进冲洗液试验、护壁堵漏措施等方面,提出了比较优化的钻探施工技术方案。     

MY-ⅠA型无固相交联冲液洗的研究与应用

具有护壁作用的无固相冲洗液的研究与应用,对发展金刚石钻进、孔底动力钻具钻进和水井钻进等都有重大意义.碱处理MY-1型无固相冲洗液,具有低失水及稳定孔壁等良好性能,在我国许多地质队的初步应用,已取得一定的效果;但它仍然存在加碱后粘度降低,不能满足钻进一些无胶结的破碎岩层的要求.为此,我院进     

PVA1788无固相冲洗液体系的研究与应用

为了提高绳索取心液动锤钻进技术在复杂地层的应用效果,提高无固相冲洗液维持孔壁稳定的能力,在PHP+GSP无固相冲洗液体系的基础上,添加了PVA1788冲洗液处理剂。按PHP、GSP、PVA1788比例为1∶5∶5混合,混合粉加量为1%~1.5%时,API滤失量为10~11 mL,漏斗粘度为18.4~21 s,塑性粘度为3.5~6 mPa·s,动切力为0.5~0.75 Pa。根据冲洗液试验及现场应用,该PVA1788无固相冲洗液体系具有粘度低、抑制防塌能力强、润滑性能好、使用维护方便等特点,大幅度提高了液动锤零配件的工作寿命,提高了钻机钻深能力,满足了复杂地层维护孔壁稳定、安全钻进的需要。本文对类似地层无固相冲洗液的推广应用具有参考价值。     

伊朗SK500m探层试验孔钻探工艺

在伊朗ＳＫ５００ｍ探层钻孔施工中，采用ＰＨＰ－ＣＭＣ凝胶低固相泥浆顶漏钻进覆盖层，以清水和金刚石单动双管取心钻具钻进试验段，进行压水试验后，一周 用ＰＨＰ－ＣＭＣ凝胶无固相冲洗液护壁钻进至终孔，并利用泵压注浆水加固孔壁，较好地解决了防斜，堵漏止涌以及取心困难等技术问题     

充气泡沫泥浆治理长孔段漏涌地层施工工艺探讨

针对长孔段漏涌地层及松散破碎等复杂地层,提出以泡沫泥浆或充气泥浆平衡地层压力的钻进方法,兼备护壁和防止冲洗液漏失的双重作用,实现连续堵漏和护壁,减少堵漏时间,有利于提高钻探效率,降低成本。对干旱缺水地区、全漏失地层钻探施工拓展了新的技术手段。     

CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。     

Geography in general education in Nigeria

This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics, students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students. The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs.     

Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal

Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates. In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005. The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and natural systems.     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。     

地下水环境中的硫代砷研究进展

硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。     

花岗岩地区地下水水文地质特征分析

通过对泰安市岱岳区花岗岩地区地下水的形成条件、地下水类型、分布状况、水文地质特征以及地下水补给、径流、排泄条件的分析,指出了花岗岩地区供水方向。     

Recent advances in aquaculture in Japan

Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry.     

Some Measurements of Radon in Soils and in Stream-Water in County Durham

Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters.     

内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究

为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。