吉林汪清大梨树沟铜钼矿床地质特征及找矿远景

阐述了大梨树沟铜钼矿的成矿地质背景,经分析研究认为该区中生代火山活动和浅成、超浅成岩浆(钙碱性)侵入作用是形成斑岩型矿床的有利条件.成矿区处在隆凹边部的隆起区,火山活动强烈、发育有火山岩颈,次火山岩及浅成、超浅成燕山期中-中酸性侵入体,发育不同方向的控矿和容矿断裂构造,围岩蚀变也很发育,并具蚀变分带特征,具有斑岩成矿地质条件.在已知的火山口区和东部脉体群分布区及东侧的双河沟区均有很好的物化探异常和矿化线索,说明该区具有很好的找矿远景.     

黑龙江永新金矿地质特征及成因

黑龙江永新金矿床的发现是多宝山矿集区外围地质找矿取得的一项新成果.矿床赋存在早白垩世火山盆地与古生代糜棱岩带接触地带的一个浅成相和潜火山岩相小侵入体及岩脉密集分布地段.潜火山相的潜英安岩、潜流纹岩等形成于成矿前或成矿期,受蚀变矿化;浅成相的花岗斑岩、闪长玢岩等形成于成矿后,破坏矿体.金矿体及矿化主要赋存在隐蔽爆破作用形成的蚀变角砾岩体中,其次赋存在蚀变角砾岩体外侧的糜棱岩类围岩中.该矿床的发现显示在黑龙江省西部的古生代糜棱岩带中存在与早白垩世火山作用有关的潜火山热液型金矿,也表明黑龙江多宝山斑岩铜矿老矿区的外围仍具有找矿潜力.     

青藏高原两个斑岩-浅成低温热液矿床成矿亚系列及其"缺位找矿"之实践

斑岩_浅成低温热液型铜金矿床是西藏最新发现的组合矿床类型,其具有巨大的找矿潜力。笔者在西藏多龙矿集区铁格隆南铜金矿床、雄村矿集区主要矿体系统地质编录、综合研究的基础上,对其矿床地质背景、矿体形态产状、矿物组合、蚀变特征、成岩成矿年龄等进行了系统的总结,在前人研究的基础上,提出班怒成矿带与早白垩世岛弧型中_酸性火山岩_浅成岩组合有关的铜、金、银、铅锌矿床成矿亚系列,以及冈底斯成矿带与早侏罗世—晚侏罗世岛弧型中_酸性火山岩_浅成岩组合有关的铜、金、银、铅锌矿床成矿亚系列,是西藏最重要的寻找斑岩型_浅成低温热液型铜金矿的矿床成矿系列。依据"缺位找矿"理论,预测多龙矿集区尕尔勤、地堡那木岗、铁格隆山是浅成低温热液型铜金矿床的进一步勘查评价区,色那、拿顿角砾岩筒是寻找独立高硫化型浅成低温热液金矿床的重要靶区。铁格隆南浅成低温热液矿体叠加在斑岩型矿体之上,高硫化型浅成低温热液矿床浅部发育多孔状硅帽和明矾石_地开石_高岭石蚀变组合,金属矿物以硫砷铜矿_铜蓝_蓝辉铜矿_黝铜矿_黄铜矿_斑铜矿_黄铁矿等铜硫二元体系矿物组合为主,其中黄铁矿_黄铜矿_斑铜矿形成较早,矿床规模可突破1200万吨。雄村铜金矿集区发育低硫化型浅成低温热液多金属金矿体,矿体呈脉状,或在火山机构边缘构造中独立产出,或叠加于斑岩型铜金矿体之上产出,以绢云母化、叶蜡石化、伊利石化发育,闪锌矿、黝铜矿、磁黄铁矿_黄铁矿为主要金属矿物组合为特征,洞嘎、普钦木_哑达是低硫化型浅成低温热液矿床的勘查评价区,深部有找到斑岩型铜金矿的可能。上述2套矿床成矿系列亚系列都与燕山期斑岩铜金矿床的流体演化有关,具有特殊的蚀变矿物、金属矿物组合,寻找独立的浅成低温热液型金矿是下一步需要重视的找矿方向。     

王屋山断隆带铜矿地质特征及找矿方向

王屋山断隆带位于河南省济源市西北部,系中条山铜成矿带的东延部分。区内有与铜矿化关系密切的新太古代—古元古代构造窗200余平方千米;断隆带内分布有以铜为主的综合地球化学异常数十处;区域重磁异常还显示带内隐伏—半隐伏岩体、与铜矿化有关的矿化蚀变比较发育。由于已发现的铜矿床与遥感异常分布十分吻合,但王屋山遥感异常区内还未发现成型铜矿床。根据该区良好的铜成矿地质条件并结合本区矿床类型和矿点分布规律,确定出的找矿方向为:清虚宫—虎岭地区寻找变斑岩型铜矿;石板道地区寻找热液型—变斑岩型铜矿;软枣角沟—小沟—柳行沟铜矿化带及其东西延伸方向是寻找变基性火山岩型铜矿床的有利地段;西端是变斑岩型铜矿床和热液型铜矿床分布的有利地段;瓦庙坡地区主要寻找沉积变质型铜矿床。     

藏东芒康县巴达铜金矿床地质特征及找矿方向研究

巴达铜金矿位于藏东富碱斑岩带南段,是藏东地区近年来新发现的大型铜金矿。虽然对巴达铜金矿开展了大量勘查工作,但对该矿床的成因尚未取得共识。本文基于详细的野外调研、岩心与坑道编录及系统的镜下鉴定,对巴达铜金矿床地质特征进行研究。巴达矿床主要产于石英二长斑岩中,局部产于斑岩和砂岩地层的接触带内。矿床发育的围岩蚀变主要为青磐岩化、钾化、绢英岩化,高岭土化、蛋白石化、蒙脱石化次之,蚀变分带从内向外依次为钾硅酸盐化带、绢英岩化带、青磐岩化带、高岭土化带,铜金矿体主要赋存于钾硅酸盐化和绢英岩化带内,铜矿化主要以黄铜矿形式产出,金矿化主要以银金矿形式产于白云石±石英+细粒黄铁矿±黄铜矿脉中,铜矿化与金矿化呈正相关,矿体的产出受北西向逆冲断层的控制。与典型斑岩和浅成低温热液矿床不同,巴达铜金矿化主要产于白云石±石英+黄铁矿脉中;矿床内既发育碳酸盐、伊利石、绢云母和黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、黝铜矿、低FeS闪锌矿等一套中硫型浅成低温热液矿床的蚀变矿物组合,又发育符合碱性斑岩系统的特征矿物赤铁矿。基于以上特征判断,巴达铜金矿矿床成因类型应为与富碱斑岩有关的浅成低温热液矿床,巴达铜金矿矿床成因的厘定,为下一步找矿提供了理论指导。     

东准噶尔蒙西斑岩铜矿床双矿化蚀变系统的厘定及其找矿意义

文章通过对东准噶尔蒙西矿床蚀变、矿化和元素分带特征的研究,厘定了蚀变类型及其时空分布规律,探讨了两期矿化蚀变所对应的斑岩体,初步建立了矿床成矿模型。结果显示蒙西斑岩铜矿区蚀变与成矿具双系统叠加结构:地表和浅部的钾化和铜钼矿化与花岗斑岩密切共生。矿区大面积绢英岩化-黄铁矿化-青磐岩化、深部发育的钾化磁铁矿化,及从上往下的Ag、Pb-Zn与Au垂向分带的矿化与深部发育的闪长玢岩有关。地表和浅部花岗斑岩及其伴生的钾化、铜钼矿化是花岗斑岩铜钼矿化蚀变系统的根部与残留,而闪长玢岩成矿系统以铜金矿化为特征。基于新建立的成矿模型与已有的勘探成果,推测深部存在隐伏的Cu-Au矿体。     

西藏多龙矿集区铁格隆矿田荣那和拿若矿床蚀变矿化特征与三维勘查模型

铁格隆矿田位于班公湖_怒江成矿带西段的多龙矿集区西北部。2012~2013年中铝矿产资源有限公司在铁格隆矿田长5.5 km、宽3 km范围内探获2个超大型铜金矿床——荣那和拿若矿床,新增铜金属量640.27万吨,伴生金金属量136.14吨,伴生银金属量1780.09吨。文章重点研究了荣那和拿若矿床的成矿地质条件、找矿标志、矿体空间结构、三维勘查模型等。研究表明,两矿床的赋矿地层均为中侏罗统色哇组变质(长石)石英砂岩,但两矿床又有不同:1荣那矿床的斑岩_浅成低温热液体系中花岗闪长斑岩、花岗斑岩控制了铜金矿体的分布,黄铁绢英岩化带构成主要矿化蚀变带;2拿若矿床东北侧为斑岩型高品位铜金矿体,黄铁绢英岩化带构成主要矿化蚀变带;西南侧为隐爆角砾岩型低品位铜金矿体,青磐岩化带构成主要矿化蚀变带。文章还介绍了近两年在该矿田找矿取得的实践经验:通过开展三维地质建模和蚀变矿物解译,结合物化探数据的二次开发,查明地质时空分布特征,建立矿床蚀变模型,进一步对资源进行动态评价,指导了成矿预测,提高了找矿效率。     

新疆谢米斯台地区斑岩型铜矿化的发现及其意义

继在新疆谢米斯台地区玄武岩中发现自然铜矿化后,在谢米斯台地区中-酸性次火山岩中发现具有一定规模的斑岩型铜矿化。原生硫化物主要为黄铜矿、黄铁矿和斑铜矿。斑岩型铜矿化主要发育于蚀变的英安斑岩、流纹斑岩和安山玢岩中,矿化岩石中发育强烈的绿帘石化、绿泥石化、碳酸盐化、硅化,局部发育泥化。区内斑岩型铜矿化的发现,表明新疆谢米斯台地区存在两种类型铜矿化,有望取得铜矿找矿新突破。矿化次火山岩及其下部的浅成侵入体可能是区内斑岩型铜矿床找矿评价的重要目标。     

特提斯西段塞尔维亚?ukaru Peki超大型斑岩-浅成低温型铜金矿床的热液蚀变和硫化物分带特征及其找矿方向

查明蚀变和硫化物分带特征是建立斑岩-浅成低温铜金成矿系统的矿床模型与找矿预测的关键。?ukaru Peki铜金矿床是特提斯西段塞尔维亚Timok矿集区近几年新发现的超大型斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜金矿床(上部矿带资源量铜154万吨@2.45%,金86吨@1.37 g/t;下部矿带资源量铜1428万吨@0.83%,金295吨@0.17 g/t),矿体主要产于晚白垩世安山岩中。目前关于该矿床热液蚀变与矿化分带特征及其找矿方向的研究程度相对较低,本文根据钻孔编录信息,利用短波红外(SWIR)光谱技术、光学显微镜和电子探针分析技术,对典型剖面钻孔中的岩矿石样品开展研究,厘定了?ukaru Peki铜金矿床的热液蚀变和金属硫化物分带特征。研究发现该矿床具有垂向分带特征:下部斑岩铜金矿体、中部斑岩-浅成低温过渡铜金矿体和上部高硫型浅成低温热液铜金矿体。矿区热液蚀变分带特征明显,其中斑岩铜金矿体以岩体为中心,由内向外可划分为钾硅酸盐化带、青磐岩化带、绿泥石-白云母带和石英-白云母带,绿泥石-白云母带中的白云母SWIRAl-OH 2200nm吸收峰波长高于石英-白云母带;斑岩向浅成低温过渡铜金矿体发育硬水...     

西藏谢通门县吉拉铜金矿矿床地质特征及找矿前景分析

吉拉铜金矿位于冈底斯成矿带中段南缘,谢通门铜金富铁矿集区,与著名的雄村特大型铜金矿毗邻,成矿条件优越,化探异常显示Cu、Au、Pb、Zn、Ag元素标准差、变化系数大,富集能力强,元素套叠好,异常浓集中心突出,浓集中心与矿化（体）相对应,属典型的致矿异常,矿（化）体分布与大理岩和闪长岩接触带上。建议应以冈底斯成矿带铜多金属矿成矿找矿模式及雄村矿床的发现经验来指导找矿,继续加强勘查和研究工作,将有望实现斑岩型、矽卡岩型铜多金属矿,韧性剪切带型、蚀变岩性金铜矿的重大找矿突破。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.