Mineralogical and geochemical evidence for coupled bacterial uranium mineralization and hydrocarbon oxidation in the Shashagetai deposit,NW China

Unusual mineral structures have recently been found in a sandstone-hosted roll-type uranium deposit in the Middle Jurassic Zhiluo Formation in the Shashagetai deposit, the northern Ordos basin, NW China. The structures possess a chemical composition and crystal structure characteristic of mineral coffinite [(USiO₄)_1−x(OH)_4x], which occurs as nanoparticles with size ranging from 5 to 25 nm. These structures are interpreted to be fossilized microorganisms, based on mineralogical biosignatures including morphology, size, occurrence of biogenic coffinite as nano-crystals, and biological elements such as P. The intimate intergrowth of coffinite with secondary pyrite of bacterial origin, as defined by low δ³⁴S values, and calcite cements with petroleum-derived carbon supports its biogenic origin. Oil inclusions in the host sandstone are characterized by abundant n-alkanes, slightly increased Pr/nC₁₇ and Ph/nC₁₈ ratios, significant amounts of demethylated hopanes and tricyclic terpanes, and the existence of unresolved complex mixtures. These characteristics are interpreted to be a result of mixing of an earlier, heavily degraded oil with a later charged fresh oil; subsequently the oils were slightly degraded. These lines of evidence lead to the proposal that the reduction of sulfate and oxidization of petroleum are likely synchronous with reduction of hexavalent [U(VI)] to tetravalent [U(IV)] uranium by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The discovery of a natural association of microorganism-like structures, a uranium mineral, and biodegraded petroleum has implications for uranium biomineralization and fossil fuel exploration.     

Role of organic matter in uranium mineralisation in Vempalle dolostone; Cuddapah basin,India

Dolostone of Vempalle Formation near Tummalapalle hosts large uranium deposit (>100,000 tonnes with an average grade of 0.045%U₃O₈). It is a unique type of uranium deposit because carbonate formations have been considered to be among the least uraniferous of all the rocks of the Earth’s crust due to mobility of uranium in aqueous fluid in the presence of carbonate and bicarbonate ions. Vempalle dolostone hosts syn-sedimentary uranium mineralization in the form of discrete uranium phases (pitchblende and coffinite) associated with collophane, and adsorbed uranium in organic matter. The organic matter has played dual role of concentrating uranium from solution and also chemically reducing it to pitchhblende and coffinite.     

河北张麻井矿床的矿物学研究及其对铀钼成因关系的启示

张麻井铀钼矿床是中国北方地区最大的火山岩型铀钼矿床.为探讨该矿床的铀钼成因关系,对浸染状钼(铀)矿石开展了矿物学和元素地球化学研究.除沥青铀矿外,铀石也是该矿床的一种重要铀矿物,常呈他形粒状,与胶硫钼矿、闪锌矿共生.元素面扫描结果显示,铀与钼元素的空间分布范围非常一致,表明铀和钼可能为同一期成矿作用的产物.此外,相较于矿化的核部,边部的铀含量降低,钼含量升高,反映存在一期独立的富钼流体成矿作用.结合矿床地质特征和岩石地球化学特征,认为张麻井矿床中浸染状矿体具有斑岩型矿化的特点,暗示其早期钼(铀)矿化可能为斑岩型矿化.     

Uranium Behavior in the Process of Primary Pitchblende Ores Alteration by the Post‐ore Hydrothermal Solutions: An Application to Assessment of Uranium Migration from Underground Spent Nuclear Fuel Repositories

It has been shown that the main uranium ore mineral, pitchblende (uranium dioxide), is a natural analog of synthetic uraninite (also uranium dioxide), which constitutes 96% of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Geochronological studies of the U‐Pb isotope systems in unaltered pitchblende from the orebodies reveal that these systems remained completely closed over the entire period (approximately 135 Ma) since the formation of the deposits. The bulk of the primary uranium ores within the Streltsovskoye ore field was influenced to various degrees by post‐ore hydrothermal solutions that led to pitchblende spherulites being replaced by pseudomorphs of an amorphous phase with a U‐Si composition; this phase also re‐precipitated in veinlets proximal to the pitchblende pseudomorphs. A technique specially developed by the authors was used to carry out quantitative counts of the abundance of uranium minerals by calculating the uranium mass balance in one of the orebodies subjected to hydrothermal alteration. The calculations reveal minimal uranium loss from the orebody. Uranium liberated in the process of the pseudomorphic replacement of pitchblende was immediately fixed, in situ, in the newly formed coffinite‐like amorphous U‐Si phase as a result of the development of an efficient geochemical barrier that prevented the long‐distance migration of uranium. In assessing the long‐term safety of underground SNF repositories, the results of the present study give us confidence that SNF uraninite, in terms of the preservation of its integrity as a mineral phase, provides for the reliable long‐term isolation of uranium, transuranium elements, and fission products that are “sealed” in the uraninite matrix. In the case of the mineral transformation of the uraninite matrix by hydrothermal solutions, the liberated uranium would be efficiently immobilized by the newly formed amorphous U‐Si phase.     

Hydrothermal mineralization in the sandstone–hosted Hangjinqi uranium deposit,North Ordos Basin,China

Tabular–type uranium ore deposits (the Hangjinqi and Daying deposits) have recently been found in the Middle Jurassic Zhiluo Formation, north of the Ordos Basin, China. Petrographic observations, the chemical composition of U minerals determined by EMPA and fs–LA–ICP–MS, whole rock geochemistry and the microthermometric study of fluid inclusions have been integrated to characterize the genetic conditions of the U mineralization in the Hangjinqi sandstone–hosted deposit. Two different groups of U minerals have been identified. One group includes coffinite(I) associated with vanadium–rich micas. Coffinite(I) is enriched in vanadium (V) and devoid of iron (Fe) and yttrium (Y) and has a LREE–enriched chondrite–normalized REE pattern. The U minerals of this group are similar to meteoric fluid infiltration related deposits. The second group has coeval coffinite(II) and coarsely crystalline calcite cement. Coffinite(II) is enriched in Y and Fe and depleted in V and is marked by a flat chondrite–normalized REE pattern, which is compatible with typical hydrothermal genetic deposits with high–salinity mineralizing fluids. The temperature and salinity of the primary aqueous inclusions in the ore–stage calcite are 120–180 °C and 8.00–16.34% (eq. wt% NaCl), respectively. These mineral assemblages, temperatures and salinities indicate that the Hangjinqi deposit was affected by two distinct types of ore–bearing fluids: low–salinity meteoric waters and high–salinity hydrothermal fluids. The meteoric fluids event began at 97 ± 5 Ma with the titling of the northern Ordos Basin and the uplift of the Hetao region to the north. Hydrothermal U mineralization occurred since 39 ± 2 Ma with the rifting of the Hetao graben. Thus, the previous biogenic model for the U mineralization should be modified in the uraniferous region of the north Ordos Basin.     

The Nuheting deposit,Erlian Basin,NE China: Synsedimentary to diagenetic uranium mineralization

Sedimentary units deposited during the post-rift stage of the Erlian Basin located in northeast China present an alternation of sandstone and mudstone layers. This sedimentological architecture is at the origin of confined permeable reservoirs hosting sandstone-type uranium deposits. The study of the Nuheting deposit offered the opportunity to identify synsedimentary/early diagenetic uranium concentrations and diagenetic mineralization hosted in mudstone-dominated layers of the Erlian Formation, indicating that a stock of uranium was present in the basin prior to the genesis of sandstone-hosted uranium deposits. Therefore, this pre-existing stock may constitute a significant source of uranium for the formation of roll front deposits present in other parts of the Erlian Basin.Detailed petrographic and geochemical study of drill-core samples from the Nuheting deposit led to the characterization of different stages related to the formation of the uranium ore bodies and allowed to propose a new metallogenic model. Uranium mineralization of the Nuheting deposit is mainly hosted in dark gray silty mudstone of wetland depositional environment of the Late Cretaceous Erlian Formation. Petrographic observations and EMP analyses evidenced that a significant amount of uranium was associated with clay minerals (interstratified clays, smectite, chlorite, palygorskyte, illite and kaolinite), either adsorbed on mineral surfaces as U (VI) ions or reduced mainly as UO₂ nano to microcrystals disseminated in the clayey matrix, which corresponds to synsedimentary/early diagenetic concentrations. Trace elements on pyrite analyzed by LA-ICPMS, petrographic observations and whole-rock geochemical data led to the characterization of a diagenetic uranium mineralization. High As (1–50 ppm), Mo (10–500 ppm) and Se concentrations in the whole rock and the incorporation of these elements in pyrite highlight reducing conditions within the host-rocks during the diagenesis of the Erlian Formation. During the early diagenetic stage, uranium was either desorbed from clay minerals and organic materials to be reduced or directly reduced and precipitated as P-rich coffinite and pitchblende on pyrite crystals. During the late diagenetic stage, uranium was redistributed in situ and locally deposited mainly as coffinite on pyrites. Finally, an epigenetic stage of cementation was identified with sulfate and carbonate minerals, which may enclose some uranium minerals. This epigenetic stage of fluid circulation may be responsible for a minor uranium remobilization. Therefore, the Nuheting deposit experienced three main stages: (i) a synsedimentary/early diagenetic uranium concentration and mineralization, (ii) a late diagenetic in situ uranium remobilization and deposition on pyrite and (iii) an epigenetic cementation. Rock-Eval pyrolysis indicates that the organic matter contained in host-rocks of the Nuheting deposit is of type IV, inherited from land plant, and do not contain free hydrocarbons (very low S1). Therefore, our results do not support that migrated hydrocarbons were involved as a reducing agent for uranium mineralization.     

A Rapid In Situ Method for Determining the Ages of Uranium Oxide Minerals: Evolution of the Cigar Lake Deposit,Athabasca Basin

We present a rapid and accurate technique for making in situ U-Pb isotopic measurements of uranium oxide minerals that utilizes both electron and ion microprobes. U and Pb concentrations are determined using an electron microprobe, whereas the isotopic composition of Pb for the same area is measured using a high-resolution ion microprobe. The advantages of this approach are: mineral separation and chemical digestion are unnecessary; homogenous uranium oxide standards, which are difficult to obtain, are not required; and precise and accurate U-Pb ages on ～10 μm spots can be obtained in a matter of hours. We have applied our method to study the distribution of U-Pb ages in complexly intergrown uranium oxides from the unconformity-type Cigar Lake uranium deposit, Saskatchewan, Canada. In situ U-Pb results from early formed uraninite define a well-correlated array on concordia with upper and lower intercepts of 1467 ± 63 Ma and 443 ± 96 Ma (±lσ), respectively. The 1467 Ma age is interpreted as the minimum age of mineralization and is consistent with the age of clay-mineral alteration (～1477 Ma) and magnetization of diagenetic hematite (1650 to 1450 Ma) that is associated with these unconformity-type uranium deposits and early diagenesis of the Athabasca Basin sediments. In situ U-Pb isotopic analyses of uraninite and coffinite can document the Pb?/U heterogeneities that can occur on a scale of 15 to 30 μm, thus providing relatively accurate information regarding the timing of fluid interactions associated with the evolution of these deposits.     

鄂尔多斯盆地纳岭沟地区铀矿物赋存形式研究及其地质意义

纳岭沟铀矿床位于鄂尔多斯盆地东北部的伊陕单斜构造区,该区含矿主岩为中侏罗统直罗组下段下亚段。本文通过电子探针、能谱及背散射分析等方法,详细研究了该区目的层砂岩的铀矿物类型及其赋存形式,并对其矿物组合特征及期次等进行了探讨。结果表明纳岭沟地区铀矿物主要为铀石,还有少量的含钛含铀矿物、沥青铀矿、铀钍石等。铀矿物与黄铁矿、蚀变钛铁矿、锐钛矿/白钛石、粘土矿物等密切共生,呈毛刺状或微细柱状产于矿物边缘,或呈粒状产于黑云母解理缝中,另外也见产于碎屑颗粒中。结合电子探针及背散射分析,对蚀变黑云母解理缝中黄铁矿及铀石成因、以及蚀变钛铁矿与铀特殊关系进行了初步探讨。另外该区存在高Y和低Y元素两种铀石类型,沥青铀矿可能为原铀矿物蚀变残留,结合矿物蚀变期次,初步认为该区含铀砂岩至少遭受两期不同成矿流体作用,多源流体耦合成矿可能是砂岩型铀成矿的重要机制之一。     

In-situ SIMS uraninite U–Pb dating and genesis of the Xianshi granite-hosted uranium deposit,South China

The southeastern part of the Nanling metallogenic province, China is host to numerous granite-hosted vein-type hydrothermal uranium deposits. The geology and geochemistry of these deposits have been extensively studied. However, accurate and precise ages for the uranium mineralization are scarce because the uranium minerals in these deposits are usually fine grained, and may have formed in several stages. Therefore, the ages previously obtained by the bulk dating techniques are possibly a mixed age.The Xianshi uranium deposit, located in the southeastern part of the Guidong granite complex, is a major uranium deposit in South China. The uranium mineralization from this deposit is mainly fine grained uraninite in quartz or calcite veins which are spatially associated with the Cretaceous mantle-derived mafic dykes. Micro-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that the dominant uranium mineral occurs as a rare form of uraninite (U₃O₇). Three distinct generations of uranium minerals have been identified based on petrographic and field relations. Stage 1 uraninite has the lowest UO₂ and highest PbO contents whereas Stage 3 uraninite has the highest UO₂ and lowest PbO contents.Uraninite from the Xianshi deposit was dated using an in-situ SIMS U–Pb dating technique. The results show three distinct age groups: 135 ± 4 Ma, 113 ± 2 Ma and 104 ± 2 Ma, which are in excellent agreement with the ages of three episodes of mantle-derived mafic dykes. Therefore, the Xianshi uranium deposit has experienced at least three hydrothermal events that are responsible for the deposition of uranium ores, which are genetically related to the emplacement of three sets of mafic dykes.     

松辽盆地白兴吐铀矿床热液蚀变及物质组成研究

显微镜下矿石薄片鉴定和铀矿物电子探针分析显示,白兴吐铀矿床发育高岭石化、碳酸盐化、黄铁矿化、水云母-绢云母化和赤铁矿化等中低温热液蚀变;矿石的铀矿物主要为铀石,少量沥青铀矿,以及部分含钛铀矿物,矿石普遍富含磷和钛。铀矿物与热液成因的胶状、团块状和莓状黄铁矿、铁白云石、赤铁矿等共生。这些特征表明,该矿床的工业铀矿化与热液作用关系密切。     

竹山下铀矿床成矿过程探讨

对竹山下铀矿床中蚀变糜棱岩的矿物成分进行了研究,发现了一种新型Ｕ－Ｗ共生的蚀变糜棱岩型铀矿床,铀矿物主要是晶质铀矿;指出相应的成矿作用为燕山早期（１６５×１０６ａ±）气热高温热液铀成矿作用。     

砂岩型铀矿中铀矿物U-Pb年代学研究现状及研究方向

该文基于中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心研究团队近年来的研究工作及对相关文献的综合研究,对砂岩型铀矿中一些重要铀矿物如沥青铀矿(晶质铀矿)、铀石、钛铀矿等的微区原位成因矿物学和U-Pb年代学研究现状进行了深入分析,提出新的研究方向,即通过采用二次离子质谱法、激光剥蚀多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱法与电子探针化学分析法和同位素稀释热电离质谱法相结合的方式,综合研究砂岩型铀矿中沥青铀矿(晶质铀矿)、铀石、钛铀矿等铀矿物和金红石、磷灰石等含铀矿物的微区原位成因矿物学和U-Pb年代学,探索砂岩型铀矿中矿石矿物的U-Pb同位素测年新方法,获取更精确的砂岩型铀矿成岩成矿的年代学信息。这对于全面准确地认识砂岩型铀矿床的生成和演化历史,建立砂岩型铀矿床的成矿新理论具有十分重要的科学意义。铀矿物测年新方法在砂岩型铀矿床的地质勘探中也有广阔的应用前景。     

新疆白杨河铍铀矿床萤石Sm-Nd和沥青铀矿U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

白杨河矿床是我国类型独特的一个特大型铍、铀多金属矿床,铍矿物主要确定为羟硅铍石,铀矿物主要发现沥青铀矿和次生的硅钙铀矿以及少量的铌铀矿,伴生矿物主要是萤石。为恢复铀和铍的成矿过程,划分成矿阶段,本次工作通过系统采集钻孔中的萤石样品,进行了Sm-Nd同位素测年研究,获得了三组等时线年龄,分别为291±16Ma、265±33Ma和207±37Ma,代表了成矿前、成矿期和成矿后萤石的形成;采集中心工地、新西工地和九号工地平巷内的沥青铀矿样品,进行了UPb同位素测年研究,获得了~(206)Pb/~(238)U表观年龄237.8±3.3Ma、224±3.1Ma、197.8±2.8Ma、97.8±1.4Ma和30.0±0.4Ma,利用U-Pb表观年龄将铀矿化划分为四个阶段:中三叠世、晚三叠-早侏罗世、晚白垩世和古近纪中期。因此,白杨河矿床具有铍早铀晚的成矿特点,铀成矿经历了四个阶段。     

贵州三穗铀矿床矿石矿物学特征及其对找矿的指示

三穗铀矿床位于黔中—湘西北铀成矿带内,产于震旦—寒武系老堡组炭质泥岩中,是贵州省近年勘查发现的第一个大型铀矿床。[研究目的]鉴于黔东地区铀矿成矿规律、富集机理及矿石矿物学等研究程度低,查明典型铀矿床矿石矿物组合及化学组分,探讨成矿环境,揭示成矿过程,深化成矿理论认识,将为促进区域成矿预测、扩大找矿勘查成果及丰富该类型铀矿成矿理论提供科学依据。[研究方法]基于三穗铀矿床地质、地球化学特征,通过电子探针、扫描电镜等测试,分析了铀成矿机理及成岩成矿的环境演化。[研究结果]本区含铀岩系老堡组形成于震旦纪/寒武纪转折期的陆缘裂谷和陆缘裂陷缺氧还原环境,铀成矿初始物源与海底火山活动有关;铀矿石主要由铀矿物、铁矿物、黏土矿物、有机质及白云石、石英（或玉髓）、重晶石、方解石等组成,呈微晶—隐晶结构、微晶—粉晶晶粒状结构,层状、纹层状构造;铀矿物丰富,主要有沥青铀矿、硅钙铀矿、硒铅铀矿、钛铀矿、磷铀矿及水碳铀等,以纳米—微米级粒状、柱状（粒径多<10 μm）、细脉状、或隐晶质形式赋存于有机质、铁质、黏土矿物等聚铀矿物中。[结论]三穗铀矿床形成物源具有多源性,与雪峰期海底火山作用带来部分成矿物质、燕山—喜马拉雅期成矿流体在运移的途中不断浸取地层内的成矿物质密切相关,经历了铀初始富集、氧化淋滤及热液叠加再富集过程,成因属典型的碳硅泥岩型。三穗铀矿床中发现大量铀矿物显示,铀富集程度高、成矿作用强,找矿远景好、潜力大。创新点：基于三穗铀矿床地质地球化学特征,通过电子探针、扫描电镜等矿物学研究,揭示本区铀成岩成矿的环境演化及成矿机理,探讨了找矿远景。     

U-series isotopic composition of kasolite associated with aplite-pegmatite at Jabal Sayid,Hijaz region,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Uranium and thorium isotopic composition of kasolite [Pb(UO₂)SiO₄-(H₂O)] from Jabal Sayid area was determined by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Secondary electron imaging, back-scattered electron imaging, and energy dispersive spectral scans were used to investigate the mineralogical characteristics of this uranyl mineral phase. Distinct crystal faces and crystal growth of kasolite from the study area confirm mineral precipitation near the surface from the circulating groundwater. The obtained data were used to interpret the mechanism of uranium mobility in Jabal Sayid weathering profile and to construct a tentative model to explain the isotopic evolution of uranium and thorium. This model indicates that (1) uranium was leached at depth, (2) uranyl mineralization was precipitated along fractures and cavities in the host rocks during humid conditions and pluvial periods, (3) preferential leaching of ²³⁴U from uranyl mineralization by recoil processes was continuous indicative of a weakly circulating groundwater, and (4) ²³⁴U-deficiency resulted in isotopic signatures characterized by low ²³⁴U/²³⁸U and high ²³⁰Th/²³⁴U ratios. The modification pattern of these activity ratios suggests that uranyl mineralization of Jabal Sayid, most probably, has been precipitated during the same Late Quaternary pluvial periods responsible for the formation of the corresponding mineralizations in the Eastern Desert of Egypt.     

氧化还原障在热液铀矿成矿中的作用

铀是变价元素,氧化还原条件控制铀的迁移和沉淀。铀在氧化环境中呈U~(6+)形式存在,在还原条件下则以U~(4+)形式存在。氧化态六价铀主要以可溶的碳酸铀酰/氟化铀酰络合物形式在水溶液中迁移,还原态四价铀主要以沥青铀矿和铀石等形式富集沉淀成矿。热液铀矿的形成需要一对空间上密切共生的氧化障/氧化剂和还原障/还原剂,二者缺一不可。首先,氧化障中氧化剂将富铀岩石中的铀大量氧化形成U~(6+),溶解进入水溶液迁移;第二,高氧化性富铀溶液遇到还原障,U~(6+)还原成U~(4+)沉淀下来,富集形成铀矿。前人虽然对铀的地球化学性质及氧化还原反应在铀成矿中作用已比较了解,但如何在实际铀矿成矿系统中准确识别氧化还原障,有效利用氧化还原障的控矿机理指导找矿,还存在一些模糊认识,制约了铀成矿理论的发展和找矿方法的提升。本文以我国最重要的砂岩型铀矿、火山岩型铀矿、花岗岩型铀矿和变质型铀矿为例,总结了与铀矿化有关的氧化还原障的主要类型,探讨了红层等蒸发盐地层(氧化障),有机质、煌斑岩等中基性岩脉(还原障)与铀矿之间的关系及控矿机制,揭示了成矿盆地中铀-煤、铀-气(油)共生的机制,阐明了翁泉沟硼、铁、铀矿共生原因,建立了不同类型铀矿成矿模型。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东北部砂岩型铀矿伴生矿物组合及其地质意义

特征矿物是地质作用的直接记录,研究铀矿物伴生组合类型和特征为探讨铀矿床成因提供直接信息。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地东北部杭锦旗?纳岭沟地区含铀岩系中侏罗统直罗组为研究对象,通过岩心观察、显微观察、扫描电镜和电子探针分析等,系统研究了含铀砂岩中铀矿物种类、赋存特征及典型矿物伴生组合类型,在此基础上,结合铀成矿过程中流体作用探讨了铀成矿机理。取得的主要成果和认识如下:(1)研究区含矿目的层最主要的矿物类型为铀石,与铀矿物相关的矿物组合包括:莓球状黄铁矿?铀石、黑云母?它形黄铁矿?铀石、胶状黄铁矿?铀石、钛铁矿?锐钛矿?铀石、高岭石?铀石、蒙脱石/伊蒙混层?铀石、方解石?铀石、有机质?铀石和石英?铀石9种;(2)研究区成矿环境经历了成岩期的中性?弱碱性氧化环境→弱酸性氧化环境→成矿早期的弱酸性还原环境→成矿中?晚期的弱碱性还原环境→成矿期后的碱性还原环境的转变;(3)铀矿物的富集可以分为5个阶段:①早期预富集的碎屑铀;②石英颗粒边缘富集的沥青铀矿;③莓球状、它形、胶状黄铁矿、高岭石、钛铁矿边缘沉淀富集,与酸性还原流体有关的铀石;④与石英、方解石、蒙脱石/伊蒙混层等伴生,与碱性还原流体有关的铀石;⑤与莓球状黄铁矿、胶状黄铁矿、方解石伴生的受中低温热液改造的铀石。综上所述,研究区主成矿作用受酸性和碱性还原流体共同控制。     

粤北石角围花岗岩型铀矿床沥青铀矿LA-ICP-MS原位U-Pb定年研究

石角围花岗岩型铀矿床位于粤北下庄铀矿田东部,沥青铀矿是矿床的主要矿石矿物,也是厘定成矿年龄的理想对象。前人采用同位素稀释法(ID-TIMS)和电子探针U-Th-totalPb化学定年法获得的成矿年龄为38～138Ma,但前人年龄变化范围大,可靠性有待考究,难以有效约束矿床的成矿时代。本文利用LA-ICP-MS原位微区分析技术,对石角围矿床矿石中沥青铀矿开展了原位U-Pb定年。研究表明:沥青铀矿的206Pb/238U年龄为52. 46～56. 89Ma,加权平均年龄为54. 68±0. 53Ma(MSWD=1. 19,n=18)。本次沥青铀矿原位U-Pb定年与前人相比更好地避免了矿物包裹体、后期次生变化、显微裂隙等因素的影响,获得的沥青铀矿原位U-Pb同位素年龄代表矿床的成矿年龄。本研究获得的石角围矿床成矿年龄(～55Ma)与华南花岗岩型铀矿床主成矿期(～50Ma)相一致,指示石角围矿床铀成矿作用与华南岩石圈局部伸展作用下的断裂构造活动密切相关。     

Uranium deposits with a new phosphate type of blacks

Data on ningyoite [CaU(PO₄)₂ · 2H₂O] occurrences in uranium ores and on deposits with ores composed entirely or largely of this mineral are considered. Most of the recent findings of ningyoite mineralization are confined to infiltration deposits, and only sporadic ones, to pegmatites and hydrothermal deposits. The geological settings and mineral assemblages indicate that ningyoite ores are formed from neutral or slightly alkaline solutions at higher Eh values relative to other types of uranium blacks (uraninite, coffinite) and are localized in the reducing zone at the boundary of redox zoning. The factors that testify to the decisive role of microbiological processes in the formation of monomineral ningyoite ore are considered. All hydrogenic deposits (occurrences) of ningyoite ore known to date in Japan, Bulgaria, Canada, Kazakhstan, and Siberia belong to the same ground-infiltration genetic type.     

粤北长江花岗岩型铀矿田沥青铀矿原位U-Pb年代学研究及其地质意义

花岗岩型铀矿床是我国重要的工业铀矿床类型,广泛分布于南岭地区。粤北长江铀矿田位于南岭中段诸广山岩体中南部,是我国典型的花岗岩型铀矿田。由于铀矿物在化学组成和成因上的固有属性,前人通过传统的铀矿物U-Pb同位素定年获得的成矿年龄(157～52Ma)变化范围较大且分散,难以有效约束精确的铀成矿时代。本文在精细矿物学研究的基础上,对长江铀矿田棉花坑、书楼坵和长排三个铀矿床的沥青铀矿开展了LA-ICP-MS原位微区U-Pb同位素定年研究。结果表明,棉花坑矿床成矿年龄为60. 8±0. 6Ma和66. 8±1. 6Ma,书楼坵矿床成矿年龄为71. 4±1. 3Ma和74. 4±1. 7Ma,长排矿床成矿年龄为62. 4±2. 5Ma和70. 2±0. 5Ma,总体分为～75Ma、～70Ma和～60Ma三期成矿年龄,代表了华南花岗岩型铀矿的晚期铀矿化。长江铀矿田成矿时代与诸广地区北东向断裂带、断陷盆地的强烈拉张时期(80～60Ma)同步,指示区内铀矿化与南岭地区晚白垩世-古近纪地壳拉张作用有关,区内铀成矿的幔源矿化剂CO_2来自区域性北东向断裂带的拉张作用。综合前人资料,认为诸广地区的铀成矿具同时性和多期性特征,成矿峰期为～140Ma、～125Ma、～105Ma、～90Ma和80～60Ma,成矿统一受制于华南岩石圈伸展的动力学背景,诸广山-南雄盆山体系白垩-古近纪的构造演化可能是促使区域铀矿化形成的主要因素。